CN109673303B - Flowering phase regulation method for delaying flowering time of rhododendron - Google Patents
Flowering phase regulation method for delaying flowering time of rhododendron Download PDFInfo
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- CN109673303B CN109673303B CN201910122399.3A CN201910122399A CN109673303B CN 109673303 B CN109673303 B CN 109673303B CN 201910122399 A CN201910122399 A CN 201910122399A CN 109673303 B CN109673303 B CN 109673303B
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- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 241000245165 Rhododendron ponticum Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000208422 Rhododendron Species 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- JLIDBLDQVAYHNE-YKALOCIXSA-N (+)-Abscisic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)/C=C(/C)\C=C\[C@@]1(O)C(C)=CC(=O)CC1(C)C JLIDBLDQVAYHNE-YKALOCIXSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- FCRACOPGPMPSHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N desoxyabscisic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C(C)C=CC1C(C)=CC(=O)CC1(C)C FCRACOPGPMPSHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005200 bud stage Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006578 abscission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 2
- KHIWWQKSHDUIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N periodic acid Chemical compound OI(=O)(=O)=O KHIWWQKSHDUIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 244000083724 Rhododendron simsii Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000544061 Cuculus canorus Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- JLIDBLDQVAYHNE-LXGGSRJLSA-N 2-cis-abscisic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)/C=C(/C)\C=C\C1(O)C(C)=CC(=O)CC1(C)C JLIDBLDQVAYHNE-LXGGSRJLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000218691 Cupressaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000208421 Ericaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000048199 Hibiscus mutabilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003973 Hibiscus mutabilis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002044 Rhizophora apiculata Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000681946 Rhododendron dauricum Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008124 floral development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of flowering phase regulation and control, and discloses a flowering phase regulation and control method for delaying flowering time of rhododendrons, which utilizes a method of combined action of shading and abscisic acid to carry out flowering phase regulation and control in the bud stage and delay the flowering time of the rhododendrons; the photoperiod is an important induction factor for plant flowering, the most direct and effective external factor for inducing the formation of flower buds is obtained, each plant needs a certain sunshine length and a corresponding black night length to be mutually alternated to induce the meristem and the flowering of flowers, and the flowering period is regulated and controlled by controlling the illumination period. The abscisic acid is a substance for inhibiting the growth of plants, can promote the aging, dormancy and organ abscission of ornamental plants, can partially replace the short-day action, and can promote or inhibit the flowering of the ornamental plants. The rhododendron belongs to long-day plants, buds can bloom under the illumination condition of more than 12 hours, the blooming time of the rhododendron can be regulated and controlled by controlling the illumination period and abscisic acid, and the requirement of the market on the blooming time of the rhododendron is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flowering phase regulation and control, and particularly relates to a flowering phase regulation and control method for delaying flowering time of rhododendron.
Background
Currently, the current state of the art commonly used in the industry is such that: rhododendron is a generic term for plants in the genus of Rhododendron in the family of Ericaceae, and the habits of China are divided into four categories, Mao Juan, Dong Juan, Xia Juan and xi Juan. Because of its extremely high ornamental value, it enjoys the reputation of "Xishi in flowers". The rhododendron is widely distributed from tropical zone, subtropical zone, temperate zone, northern temperate zone to frigid zone, and the rhododendron is distributed from the coastal rock or mangrove near the sea level to the place with the highest elevation of 5500 m. The data show that China is the country with the most abundant wild rhododendron resources, and the southwest to the middle region of China is the most likely origin of rhododendron plants. Rhododendron is an excellent ornamental plant, and can form dominant plants of mountain top shrubs, shrubs and under-forest shrubs in the wild. Particularly, a dominant community is formed on the upper part of a mountain, and rhododendron dauricum is extremely beautiful and magnificent in spring and becomes an important tourism resource in some places. With the increasing of horticultural cultivars of azalea, azalea has become one of the main flowers in holiday activity arrangement and overnight flowers, and is widely applied to landscaping and beautification in parks, roads, courtyards, streets, bonsais and the like.
The flowering period regulation is a flower production process, and in order to meet market requirements, the flowering time and the flowering amount of ornamental plants are controlled by an artificial method. Various measures such as calculating the time of sowing, cuttage, pruning and topping, controlling the temperature, illumination, moisture and nutrients, using a plant growth regulator and the like can be generally adopted to meet the requirements of flowering and flowering of ornamental plants and achieve the purpose of regulating and controlling the flowering period. At present, flowering phase regulation of rhododendrons in the market is mainly used for potted western rhododendrons, temperature control is carried out by using facilities such as a greenhouse and a greenhouse, the purpose of flowering phase regulation is achieved, and cultivation management conditions and production cost are high.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: at present, flowering phase regulation of rhododendrons in the market is mainly used for potted western rhododendrons, temperature control is carried out by using facilities such as a greenhouse and a greenhouse, the purpose of flowering phase regulation is achieved, and cultivation management conditions and production cost are high.
The difficulty and significance for solving the technical problems are as follows:
because the rhododendrons are perennial woody flowers, the flowering phase regulation is not suitable for regulation by calculating the time of sowing and cuttage, at present, the rhododendrons are mostly cultivated in the open air, the requirements on fields, facilities and the like for the flowering phase regulation by using a temperature control mode are high, the temperature control cost is high, and the method is not suitable for most rhododendrons cultivated in the open air. Therefore, the method for adjusting the florescence by adjusting the illumination and using the plant growth regulator in an auxiliary manner is a scientific and economic mode. However, how to shade light, how much to shade light, what kind of regulator to use, how to treat and the like all need scientific and accurate, otherwise, the flowering phase regulation fails, and even the problems of incomplete flower development, deformity, flower falling, light flower color and the like occur.
The rhododendron is fully utilized, belongs to a long-day plant, usually requires more than 12 hours of illumination to bud and bloom, and abscisic acid can regulate the growth of the plant and can replace the short-day effect to a certain extent. Therefore, the flowering phase of the rhododendron can be effectively delayed by utilizing the shading treatment in combination with the use of abscisic acid, so that a simple, economic and effective way for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of the rhododendron to meet market demands is provided, and the method has certain significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a flowering phase regulation method for delaying flowering time of rhododendron.
The invention is realized in such a way that a flowering time regulating method for delaying flowering time of rhododendrons comprises the following steps:
step one, in the bud emergence period of a rhododendron bud, shading treatment is carried out for 8 hours by adopting a 60% shading net in the daytime for 30 days; the shading treatment of 8 hours can not only meet the requirement of using shading to slow the expansion time and speed of the flower buds of the rhododendron, but also meet the requirement of appropriate brightening in the early bud stage. The bud can be normally developed, and bud deformity can be avoided.
Secondly, continuously shading, namely shading by adopting a 60% shading net for 10 hours in the daytime for 30 days; the shading of 10 hours can reduce the direct irradiation time of natural light, can meet the requirement that the light needs to be properly weakened in the expansion period of the flower buds of the rhododendron, and avoids the over-high expansion speed of the flower buds.
Thirdly, shading treatment and abscisic acid spraying treatment are continued, 60% shading net shading treatment is adopted for 8 hours in the daytime, 30 days are continued, abscisic acid is sprayed for 4 times in a matching way, and the concentration is 1.0 mg.L-1—2.0mg·L-1And spraying the whole plant. The flowering time can be effectively delayed and the flowering period can be prolonged by continuing shading treatment, and the effect of partially replacing short sunshine can be achieved by matching with the spraying of abscisic acid, so that the shading time can be reduced to 8 hours, the natural illumination time is prolonged, and therefore, not only can the phenomenon that the flowers are too dark be effectively avoided, but also the phenomenon that the flowers fade and wither in advance due to over-strong illumination can be avoided.
Furthermore, the ventilation is kept in the first step, and the air humidity reaches 70% -80%.
Furthermore, the second step is kept ventilated, and the air humidity reaches 70% -80%.
Further, abscisic acid is sprayed once every 7 days in the third step; keeping ventilation and ensuring that the air humidity reaches 70% -80%.
Further, after the third step, the shading needs to be removed, and the normal management is carried out until the rhododendron blooms.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are: the flowering time of the rhododendron is delayed by utilizing a method of combined action of shading and abscisic acid (ABA) and performing flowering phase regulation in the bud stage. The photoperiod is an important induction factor for plant flowering, is the most direct and effective external factor for inducing the formation of flower buds, each plant needs a certain sunshine length and a corresponding black night length to be mutually alternated to induce the meristem and the flowering of flowers, and the flowering period can be regulated and controlled by controlling the illumination period. The abscisic acid is a substance for inhibiting the growth of plants, can promote the aging, dormancy and organ abscission of ornamental plants, can partially replace the short-day action, and can promote or inhibit the flowering of the ornamental plants. The rhododendron belongs to long-day plants, buds can bloom under the illumination condition of more than 12 hours, the blooming time of the rhododendron can be regulated and controlled by controlling the illumination period and abscisic acid, and the requirement of the market on the blooming time of the rhododendron is met.
2015 + 2017, performing contrast tests on 2 kinds of rhododendrons in the Changsha region by using spring rhododendrons and rhododendron simsii which are commonly used in the market at present, and shading 40%, 60% and 80% of light and shading concentration of 0.5 mg.L respectively-1、1.0mg·L-1、2.0mg·L-1、3.0mg·L-1The abscisic acid combination of (a) was subjected to a flowering-phase regulation and control comparative test in which the control was not subjected to any treatment, i.e., no shading or no spraying of abscisic acid. The result shows that the concentration of the abscisic acid is 1.0 mg.L by shading 60 percent-1The delay effect is best, the spring cuckoo is delayed to enter the initial flowering period for 27 days, and the complete flowering time is delayed for 26 days; after shading and abscisic acid treatment, the rhododendron simsii enters the initial flowering stage for 25 days, and the time of completely declining flowers is delayed for 28 days. Adopting 60% of abscisic acid concentration for shading2.0mg·L-1The treatment effect of (1) is second, and the average delayed flowering phase reaches about 25 days.
TABLE 12017 year Changsha area open field planting spring cuckoo and Azalea Suffruticosa shading and abscisic acid test comparison (control untreated)
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a flowering time control method for delaying flowering time of rhododendron in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a flowering phase regulation method for delaying flowering time of rhododendrons in order to reduce flowering phase regulation cost of the rhododendrons and be suitable for more types of rhododendrons, and aims to meet the flowering phase regulation requirements of markets for potted rhododendrons and ground-cultivated rhododendrons.
The following detailed description of the principles of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the flowering time regulating method for delaying flowering time of rhododendron provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: when most flower buds of the rhododendron begin to grow larger, namely in the bud stage, shading treatment is carried out for 8 hours by adopting a 60% shading net in the daytime for 30 days; keeping ventilation during the period, and preferably reaching 70-80% of air humidity;
s102: and (5) continuing shading treatment, and prolonging the shading time, namely shading treatment for 10 hours by using a 60% shading net in the daytime for 30 days. The ventilation is kept during the period, and the air humidity preferably reaches 70-80 percent;
s103: continuously shading and spraying abscisic acid, shading with 60% shading net for 8 hr in daytime for 30 days, and sprayingApplying abscisic acid 4 times, namely once every 7 days, with the concentration of 1.0 mg.L-1—2.0mg·L-1And spraying the whole plant. The ventilation is kept during the period, and the air humidity preferably reaches 70-80 percent;
s104: removing shading, and performing normal management until the rhododendron blooms, wherein the expected flowering time is delayed by at least about 25 days.
The effects of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following experiments.
Field test of delayed blooming time of spring azalea and rhododendron simsii in 2017:
the test site is Mapo mountain in Hibiscus mutabilis region of Changsha in Hunan. Beginning at 2016 and 12 months and 20 days. The test material is 2 kinds of rhododendron in the market, and the source of the variety is Hunan Liuyang cypress family town nursery stock base. Abscisic acid was purchased as analytical grade from reagent companies. The shading material is a shading net with different shading degrees purchased by a farming shop.
The test method comprises the following steps:
the abscisic acid is prepared into 0.5 mg.L-1、1.0mg·L-1、2.0mg·L-1、3.0mg·L-1Waiting for solutions with different concentrations, and taking clear water as a reference; the shading treatment is 50%, 60% and 80% shading respectively. By comparison, 60% shading + 1.0 mg.L abscisic acid was used-1The treatment method (2) has the best effect of delaying the flowering phase, and has the shading rate of 60% + abscisic acid of 2.0 mg.L-1The treatment method of (1) has the second effect.
The preferred results are as follows:
the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A flowering time control method for delaying flowering time of rhododendrons is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, in the bud emergence period of a rhododendron bud, shading treatment is carried out for 8 hours by adopting a 60% shading net in the daytime for 30 days;
secondly, continuously shading, namely shading by adopting a 60% shading net for 10 hours in the daytime for 30 days;
thirdly, shading treatment and abscisic acid spraying treatment are continued, 60% shading net shading treatment is adopted for 8 hours in the daytime, 30 days are continued, abscisic acid is sprayed for 4 times in a matching way, and the concentration is 1.0 mg.L-1—2.0mg·L-1Spraying the whole plant;
in the first step, ventilation is kept, and the air humidity reaches 70% -80%;
in the second step, ventilation is kept, and the air humidity reaches 70% -80%;
in the third step, abscisic acid is sprayed once every 7 days; keeping ventilation and ensuring that the air humidity reaches 70% -80%.
2. The method for regulating flowering time of delayed rhododendron according to claim 1, wherein shading is removed after the third step, and normal management is performed until the rhododendron blooms.
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| CN112544325B (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-04-29 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for postponing flowering phase of apples by applying abscisic acid externally |
| CN113016388A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-06-25 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for inducing loquat axillary buds to flower |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1473456A (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2004-02-11 | 马申芳 | Flowering phase control method for Belgium azalea potted flowers |
| JP2014040338A (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2014-03-06 | Nagahama Shoten:Kk | Plant nutrient |
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| AUPN309995A0 (en) * | 1995-05-23 | 1995-06-15 | Sst Australia Pty Ltd | Plant growth regulating method and composition |
| CN1225964C (en) * | 2004-01-08 | 2005-11-09 | 华南农业大学 | Spring dendrobe flowering period control method |
| CN101243747A (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2008-08-20 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Method for regulating and controlling blooming period of rhododendron in winter |
| SG162679A1 (en) * | 2008-12-10 | 2010-07-29 | Agency Science Tech & Res | Plants coloured with nanocrystals |
| CN104350933A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-02-18 | 遵义市石锐花卉种植园 | Azalea cultivation method |
| CN104737741A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-07-01 | 陈林美 | Cultivation method for flowering phases of azaleas |
| CN106171410A (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2016-12-07 | 常州春海园艺有限公司 | The inoculation method of potted plant chrysanthemum |
| CN107996370A (en) * | 2017-05-21 | 2018-05-08 | 贵州黔奥佳农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of the West cuckoo |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1473456A (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2004-02-11 | 马申芳 | Flowering phase control method for Belgium azalea potted flowers |
| JP2014040338A (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2014-03-06 | Nagahama Shoten:Kk | Plant nutrient |
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