CN109380103B - Method for regulating flowering phase of western rhododendron in winter - Google Patents
Method for regulating flowering phase of western rhododendron in winter Download PDFInfo
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- CN109380103B CN109380103B CN201810347620.0A CN201810347620A CN109380103B CN 109380103 B CN109380103 B CN 109380103B CN 201810347620 A CN201810347620 A CN 201810347620A CN 109380103 B CN109380103 B CN 109380103B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
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- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for regulating and controlling flowering phase of western rhododendron in winter, which comprises the following steps: putting the cutting seedlings of the rhododendron occidentalis into a pot, and applying the compound fertilizer once a month after putting the cutting seedlings into the pot; controlling the temperature of Rhododendron simsii at 15-17 deg.C, and natural light irradiation time of 12 hr each day, wherein the time period is about 15-20 days, and GA is applied every 10 days3Solution and KH2PO4The solutions were taken once each; controlling temperature of the western Rhododendron at 20-22 deg.C, irradiating with natural light for 12 hr each day, and further irradiating with red and blue light for 3-4 hr for about 15-20 days while applying GA every 10 days3Solution and KH2PO4The solutions were taken once each; heating at 24-25 deg.C to promote flowering when flower bud is extended to 0.5cm, and continuously performing blue light irradiation treatment on the Rhododendron occidentalis for 3-4 hr after natural light irradiation for 12 hr every day, wherein the period is about 15-20 days. The invention obtains the western azalea which has controllable flowering time, shorter flowering promoting time, more orderly flowering and gorgeous flowers by adjusting factors such as temperature, illumination time, light quality, plant growth regulator and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flowering phase regulation, in particular to a method for regulating flowering phase of western rhododendron in winter.
Technical Field
A novel evergreen shrub of the Ericaceae family is prepared from Chinese azalea and European azalea through repeated hybridization and selective breeding. The Western azalea has short and strong plant shape, large change of flower shape and color and rich color, and is the most beautiful azalea.
The western rhododendron requires loose and breathable soil environment and humic-rich acidic soil, namely the pH value of the soil is 5.5-6.5. The temperature for the growth of the western azalea is 18-22 deg.C, and when the temperature is too low or too high, the life activity of the western azalea gradually weakens, and the growth and development speed is slow. In addition, the light intensity suitable for the growth of the western rhododendron is about 12000-.
The dormancy of flowers can be broken through regulating the temperature, the formation and differentiation of flower buds are promoted, and the flowers can bloom in advance. The transformation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth can be realized by prolonging the illumination time, and flower bud differentiation can be smoothly carried out. The red and blue composite light quality is beneficial to the formation of flower buds; the blue light has the effect of promoting the differentiation of plant flower buds. In addition, flower budsThe relief of dormancy, the inoculation of flower buds and flowering are all affected by plant endogenous hormones. Different concentrations of gibberellin GA are used for the Liuxian swallow 2 months before flowering3Treatment of Rhododendron glaucophyllum and Rhododendron gossypii with high concentrations of gibberellin GA compared to controls3The treatment is about 7 days earlier, and the gibberellin GA is at low concentration3The treatment is about 3 days earlier.
It can be seen that the formation and differentiation of flower buds in plants are influenced by temperature, illumination time, light quality and plant growth regulators. The difference of flower bud sensing temperature, illumination time, light quality and plant growth regulators of different plants may cause irregular flowering and influence the final ornamental effect.
The previous studies have suffered from the following deficiencies:
in the method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of azalea by means of the sequence of the poplar iron (patent No. 201010216344.8), the flowering phase of the azalea is regulated and controlled only by temperature and flower fertilizer, and the azalea is treated under two conditions of EC < 0.4 and EC > 0.4. The regulation and control method does not clearly show how to use factors such as temperature, flower fertilizer and the like to regulate and control the flowering phase in each stage of the flowering phase regulation and control process, and the technology is vaguer. In the text of 'American rhododendron flowering phase regulation test' of Li Xiaoyan, the influence of temperature, light and a medicament '920' on flower promotion is simply introduced, and a regulation technology for flower bud formation is not involved, so that a set of American rhododendron flowering phase regulation technology is not formed. The Chen dynasty is in the article of 'spring festival blooming technology of Western azalea', the regulation and control process is to form flower buds, then vernalize and promote flowers; each stage takes a long time, and the process takes about 6 months, and the aim of shortening the flowering period is difficult to achieve. Weijiangkang in the study of regulating and controlling technology and physiological florescence of Western azalea3The influence of the factors on the flowering of the western azalea, but how to regulate the formation of flower buds is not described. In addition, the previous researches do not relate to a technical method for improving the flowering uniformity and the flower color beauty of the western rhododendron.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the method is characterized in that the flowering period of the western azalea in winter is regulated by regulating various factors such as temperature, illumination time, light quality, plant growth regulators and the like, so that the western azalea which is controllable in flowering time, shorter in flowering promoting time, more orderly in flowering and more gorgeous is obtained.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for regulating and controlling flowering phase of western rhododendron in winter comprises the following steps:
(1) potting: putting the cutting seedlings of the western azalea into a pot, applying 0.3-0.5% of compound fertilizer once per month after 1 month of the pot application until the ground diameter of the western azalea reaches 0.8-1.2cm, the seedlings reach 20-25cm, and the crown width reaches 20-25 cm;
(2) and (3) forming a flower bud:
firstly, controlling the temperature of a western rhododendron greenhouse at 15-17 ℃, the humidity at 70-80%, keeping the natural light illumination at 12000-; about 15-20 days in this period; and during this period, 400mg/L GA was administered every 10 days3Mixing the solution with 0.3-0.5% KH2PO4The solutions were taken once each;
controlling the temperature of the western rhododendron in a greenhouse to be 20-22 ℃, the humidity to be 60-70%, keeping the natural light illumination at 12000-; the period is about 15-20 days, and the GA concentration of 100-400mg/L is applied every 10 days3Mixing the solution with 0.3-0.5% KH2PO4The solutions were taken once each;
(3) and (3) flower bud differentiation stage: heating to promote flowering when flower buds extend to 0.5cm, wherein the temperature is 24-25 ℃, the illumination intensity is 15000-; this period is about 15-20 days.
The medium of the upper pot in the step (1) of the invention is waste medium generated in the process of growing seedlings of eucalyptus or fir light medium, and the main components comprise, by weight, 20-30 parts of rice husk, 30-40 parts of coconut coir and 30-40 parts of peat soil.
The compound fertilizer in the step (1) of the invention has effective N, P and K of 20, 12 and 20.
The red and blue light in the step (2) of the invention is an LED red light and blue light composite light source, and the ratio of the red light to the blue light R to B (light quantity ratio, the same below) is 1 to 1-4; the red light wave peak is 660 +/-20 nm, and the blue light wave peak is 450 +/-20 nm.
The blue light in the step (3) is an LED blue light source, and the peak of the blue light is 450 +/-20 nm.
The innovation points of the method are as follows:
1. innovation of culture medium. The invention selects the waste material in the eucalyptus or fir light matrix seedling raising cup as the upper pot matrix of the western rhododendron, creates a loose environment for the root growth of the western rhododendron, and the pH value of the matrix is more suitable for the growth of the western rhododendron. Therefore, the western rhododendron growing on the substrate is strong and has dark green leaf color, and provides guarantee for the development of gorgeous flower color and ultra-long flowering phase of the western rhododendron. Meanwhile, the method also recycles the waste generated by seedling culture with the light medium.
2. In different stages of the development of the western azalea, the flowering time of the western azalea is controllable and the flowering of the western azalea is more orderly by adjusting various factors such as temperature, illumination time, light quality, plant growth regulators and the like.
3. The flowering promoting time is shortened, namely the flowering of the western azalea can be obtained by starting to regulate and control at the 60-day flowering period.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1: in 2015 in a greenhouse for certain flowers in Liuzhou, Guangxi. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) potting: putting the cutting seedlings of the western azalea into a pot, applying 0.3% of compound fertilizer once per month after 1 month of putting the seedlings into the pot until the ground diameter of the western azalea reaches 1.0cm, the seedlings reach 25cm, and the crown width reaches 25 cm; the medium of the upper pot is waste medium generated in the process of growing seedlings of eucalyptus or fir light medium, and the main components comprise 30 parts of rice husk, 30 parts of coconut coir and 40 parts of peat soil in percentage by weight; the effective N, P and K of the compound fertilizer are 20, 12 and 20 respectively;
(2) and (3) forming a flower bud:
firstly, in 2016, 11 months and 1 day, putting 200 pots of 'Guanzhongwang' variety of western rhododendron into a greenhouse, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse to be 15-17 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 70-80%, keeping the natural light illumination at 12000 and 15000lx, supplementing light by using an incandescent lamp when the natural light is insufficient, and controlling the illumination time to be 12 hours each day; this period lasted 20 days and was administered GA at a concentration of 200mg/L every 10 days3The solution and 0.5% KH2PO4The solutions were taken once each;
controlling the temperature of a greenhouse of the western rhododendron to be 20-22 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-70% in 2016, keeping the natural light illumination at 12000-; after the natural light is finished, red and blue light irradiation treatment is continuously carried out on the western rhododendron for 4 hours; this period lasted 20 days and was administered GA at a concentration of 200mg/L every 10 days3The solution and 0.5% KH2PO4The solutions were taken once each; the red light and the blue light are LED red light and blue light composite light sources, and the ratio of R to B of the red light and the blue light is 1 to 2; the red light wave peak is 660 +/-20 nm, and the blue light wave peak is 450 +/-20 nm;
(3) and (3) flower bud differentiation stage: heating to promote flowering in 11 days 12 months in 2016, and when flower buds extend to 0.5cm, wherein the temperature is 24-25 ℃, the illumination intensity is 15000-; this period lasted 20 days; blue light is an LED blue light source, and the peak of the blue light is 450 +/-20 nm;
in 31 days 12 months in 2016, 200 pots of 'king in the crown' western rhododendron are counted, the number of blossoms is 4865, the number of unopened flower buds is 1228, each 'king in the crown' western rhododendron has 30.5 flower buds on average, the flower opening rate of 60 days is regulated to 79.8%, and the flower is gorgeous and has high ornamental value.
Example 2: in 2015 in a greenhouse for certain flowers in Liuzhou, Guangxi. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) potting: putting the cutting seedlings of the western azalea into a pot, applying 0.3% of compound fertilizer once per month after 1 month of putting the seedlings into the pot until the ground diameter of the western azalea reaches 1.0cm, the seedlings reach 25cm, and the crown width reaches 25 cm; the medium of the upper pot is waste medium generated in the process of growing seedlings of eucalyptus or fir light medium, and the main components comprise 30 parts of rice husk, 30 parts of coconut coir and 40 parts of peat soil in percentage by weight; the effective N, P and K of the compound fertilizer are 20, 12 and 20 respectively;
(2) and (3) forming a flower bud:
firstly, in 2016, 11 months and 1 day, putting 200 pots of 'Dutch powder queen' variety of western rhododendron into a greenhouse, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse to be 15-17 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 70-80%, keeping the natural light illumination at 12000-; this period lasted 15 days and GA was administered every 10 days at a concentration of 100mg/L3The solution and 0.3% KH2PO4The solutions were taken once each;
controlling the temperature of a greenhouse of the western rhododendron to be 20-22 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-70% in 2016, keeping the natural light illumination in 12000-; this period lasted 20 days and GA was administered every 10 days at a concentration of 100mg/L3The solution and 0.3% KH2PO4The solutions were taken once each; the red light and the blue light are LED red light and blue light composite light sources, and the ratio of R to B of the red light and the blue light is 1 to 2; the red light wave peak is 660 +/-20 nm, and the blue light wave peak is 450 +/-20 nm;
(3) and (3) flower bud differentiation stage: in 2016, day 06 at 12 months, heating to promote flowering when flower buds extend to 0.5cm, wherein the temperature is 24-25 ℃, the illumination intensity is 15000-; after the natural light is finished, continuing to perform blue light irradiation treatment on the Western azalea for 3 hours; this period lasted 20 days; blue light is an LED blue light source, and the peak of the blue light is 450 +/-20 nm;
26 days 12 months in 2016, 200 pots of ' Nelumbo nucifera ' queen ' are counted, the number of bloomed flowers is 4658, the number of unopened flower buds is 1316, each ' Nelumbo nucifera queen ' has 29.9 flower buds on average, the flower blooming rate of 60 days is controlled to reach 78.0%, the flower is gorgeous, and the ornamental value is high.
Claims (5)
1. A method for regulating and controlling flowering phase of western rhododendron in winter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) potting: putting the cutting seedlings of the western azalea into a pot, applying 0.3-0.5% of compound fertilizer once per month after 1 month of the pot application until the ground diameter of the western azalea reaches 0.8-1.2cm, the seedlings reach 20-25cm, and the crown width reaches 20-25 cm;
(2) controlling the temperature of a greenhouse of the western rhododendron to be 15-17 ℃, the humidity to be 70-80%, keeping the natural light illumination at 12000-; the period is 15-20 days, and the GA3 solution with the concentration of 100-400mg/L and the KH2PO4 solution with the concentration of 0.3-0.5% are applied once every 10 days in the period;
controlling the temperature of the western rhododendron in a greenhouse to be 20-22 ℃, the humidity to be 60-70%, keeping the natural light illumination at 12000-; the period is 15-20 days, and the GA3 solution with the concentration of 100-400mg/L and the KH2PO4 solution with the concentration of 0.3-0.5% are applied once every 10 days in the period;
(3) heating to promote flowering when flower buds extend to 0.5cm, wherein the temperature is 24-25 ℃, the illumination intensity is 15000-; the period is 15-20 days.
2. The method for regulating flowering phase of western azalea in winter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the medium for potting in the step (1) is waste medium generated in the process of growing seedlings of eucalyptus or fir light medium, and the main components comprise, by weight, 20-30 parts of rice husk, 30-40 parts of coconut coir and 30-40 parts of peat soil.
3. The method for regulating flowering phase of western azalea in winter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the compound fertilizer in the step (1) is prepared from effective N, P, K and 20, 12 and 20.
4. The method for regulating flowering phase of western azalea in winter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the red and blue light in the step (2) is an LED red light and blue light composite light source, and the ratio of the red light to the blue light is R: B ═ 1: 1-4; the red light wave peak is 660 +/-20 nm, and the blue light wave peak is 450 +/-20 nm.
5. The method for regulating flowering phase of western azalea in winter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (4) the blue light in the step (3) is an LED blue light source, and the peak of the blue light is 450 +/-20 nm.
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| CN118355839A (en) * | 2023-02-03 | 2024-07-19 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Method for regulating and controlling flowering phase of alpine azalea by avoiding dormancy |
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| CN1216522C (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2005-08-31 | 马申芳 | Flowering phase control method for belgium azalea potted flowers |
| CN101243747A (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2008-08-20 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Method for regulating and controlling blooming period of rhododendron in winter |
| CN102293117A (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2011-12-28 | 吴昌海 | Method for regulating and controlling blooming period of potted cuckoo |
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| Water deficits promote flowering in Rhododendron via regulation of pre and post initiation development;Sharp,RG etc.;《Scientia Horticulturae》;20091231;第120卷(第4期);511-517 * |
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