CN109258375B - Bletilla striata flowering phase regulation and control method - Google Patents
Bletilla striata flowering phase regulation and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109258375B CN109258375B CN201811354189.9A CN201811354189A CN109258375B CN 109258375 B CN109258375 B CN 109258375B CN 201811354189 A CN201811354189 A CN 201811354189A CN 109258375 B CN109258375 B CN 109258375B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a regulation and control method of a bletilla striata flowering phase, which comprises the following steps: firstly, digging seedlings; secondly, low-temperature treatment; thirdly, planting; fourthly, seedling rejuvenation treatment; and fifthly, flower forcing treatment. By adopting low-temperature treatment, the dormancy of the bulbs is forcibly broken, the normal germination and growth of buds are promoted, the normal growth, development and flowering rules of the bletilla are changed by combining temperature and water and fertilizer management, the anti-season flowering of the bletilla is realized, and the market and customer requirements are greatly met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of bletilla striata.
Background
Bletilla striata (Bletilla striata (Thunb) Rhhb. f.), also known as Glechomae herba, Zilan, etc., belongs to the family Orchidaceae (Orchidaceae) Bletilla genus (Bletilla) perennial herbaceous bulbous plants (tuberous roots). The bletilla striata is beautiful and is suitable for appreciation; the corm is a Chinese herbal medicine after being dried in the sun. Common bletilla striata varieties are violet, and also have pink, yellow, red and blue horticultural cultivars.
The flowering period of the bletilla striata is mainly in spring, few bletilla striata blossoms in other seasons, no method for regulating and controlling the flowering period of the bletilla striata exists at present, and popularization of the bletilla striata as ornamental flowers is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to realize the out-of-season flowering of bletilla striata and the controllability of the flowering time of the bletilla striata.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of bletilla striata (the flowering phase refers to the flowering time of bletilla striata), which comprises the following steps:
(1) digging seedlings: selecting 2-3 years old bletilla striata plants 60-70 days away from a target flowering phase according to the flowering date of market demands, removing roots, stems and leaves, and keeping bulbs;
(2) low-temperature treatment: placing the bulbs treated in the step (1) under the low-temperature dark condition of 5 ℃ for 25 days, and keeping the humidity at 75%;
(3) planting: planting the bletilla striata bulbs subjected to low-temperature dark treatment in the step (2) in a seedling culture medium;
(4) seedling rejuvenation treatment: carrying out relatively low-temperature seedling reviving treatment on the planted bletilla striata bulbs for 10 days, ensuring the illumination for 12 hours in the day each day during the treatment, wherein the illumination intensity in the day is 2500Lx, the temperature in the day is 15-20 ℃, the illumination at night is 0Lx, the temperature is 5-10 ℃, keeping the soil in a pot moist during the seedling reviving treatment period, and keeping the relative humidity at 80%;
(5) flower forcing treatment: carrying out catalytic treatment on the bletilla striata bulbs which are planted and are subjected to seedling rejuvenation treatment in the step (4) for 10 days for 30-40 days, wherein the treatment ensures that the bulbs are illuminated for 12 hours in the daytime every day, the intensity is 3000Lx, and the daytime temperature is 20-25 ℃; carrying out dark treatment for 12 hours at night, keeping the temperature at 10 ℃ at night, keeping the pot soil moist during the flower forcing treatment period, and keeping the relative humidity at 80%; during the flower forcing treatment, foliar fertilization was performed every 10 days.
Further, the method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of bletilla striata specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) digging seedlings: according to the flowering date of market demand, when the distance is 60-70 days from the target flowering phase, taking 2-3-year-old bletilla striata plants, removing roots, stems and leaves, only keeping bulbs, and selecting 25-35g of bulbs from the bulbs;
(2) low-temperature treatment: placing the bletilla striata bulbs selected in the step (1) in an artificial climate box, controlling a low-temperature environment at 5 ℃, and treating for 25 days under a dark condition (illumination intensity of 0Lx), and simultaneously keeping humidity at 75%;
(3) planting: uniformly mixing garden soil and vermiculite according to a volume ratio of 1:3, pouring into a seedling culture cup with the size of 8cm multiplied by 8cm, planting the bletilla striata bulbs subjected to low-temperature dark treatment in the step (2) in the seedling culture cup, just submerging the bulbs with a seedling culture substrate, and watering thoroughly;
(4) seedling rejuvenation treatment: placing seedling cup for planting bletilla striata bulb in an artificial climate box, and carrying out relatively low temperature seedling reviving treatment for 10 days, wherein the illumination is ensured for 12 hours every day, the illumination intensity in the day is 2500Lx, the temperature in the day is 15-20 ℃, the illumination is 0Lx at night, and the temperature is 5-10 ℃;
(5) flower forcing treatment: carrying out catalytic treatment on the bletilla striata bulbs which are planted and are subjected to seedling rejuvenation treatment in the step (4) for 10 days for 30-40 days, wherein the treatment ensures that the bulbs are illuminated for 12 hours in the daytime every day, the intensity is 3000Lx, and the daytime temperature is 20-25 ℃; carrying out dark treatment for 12 hours at night, and carrying out temperature treatment at 10 ℃ at night; in the period of forcing flower, applying the fertilizer on the leaf surface once every 10 days, wherein the fertilizer on the leaf surface adopts a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer, and the total concentration of the prepared fertilizer is 0.01 wt% when the fertilizer is applied;
watering once every 2-3 days after the bletilla striata bulbs are planted and before the bletilla striata bulbs bloom, namely during the seedling reviving treatment and the flower forcing treatment in the step (4) to keep the pot soil moist and the relative humidity at 80%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the method, the time from the dormancy stage to the flowering stage of the bletilla striata bulbs is shortened through low-temperature treatment and seedling revival treatment for a certain time, meanwhile, the dormancy of the bulbs is forcibly broken through by utilizing the seedling revival treatment, the normal germination and growth of buds are promoted, the normal growth, development and flowering rules of the bletilla striata are changed by combining temperature and water and fertilizer management, the flowering time of the bletilla striata is controllably advanced, the bletilla striata can be normally exhibited in each festival, and the market and customer requirements are greatly met. In addition, the invention does not use hormone, has simple regulation and control process and greatly saves the production cost and working procedures.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated in detail by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1: low temperature processing temperature screening examples
Selecting bletilla striata bulbs: selecting 400 plants of bletilla with consistent swelling potential and strong growth in bletilla seedling nursery, carefully subtracting root, stem and leaf with scissors, cleaning, naturally drying, weighing, and selecting 25-35g bletilla bulb.
The selected bletilla striata bulbs are subjected to the following low-temperature treatment:
the test method comprises the following steps: setting the temperature to be 0, 5, 8 and 10 ℃ respectively, processing 100 bulbs at each temperature, and counting the germination rate after processing for one month.
And (3) test results: as shown in Table 1, the germination rate of bletilla striata treated at 5 ℃ is the highest and reaches 86%, so that the optimal temperature for treating bletilla striata bulb at low temperature is 5 ℃.
TABLE 1 survival rates of bletilla striata treated at different temperatures
Example 2: low temperature processing time screening examples
Selecting bletilla striata bulbs: selecting 200 plants of bletilla with consistent swelling potential and strong growth in bletilla seedling nursery, carefully subtracting root, stem and leaf with scissors, cleaning, naturally drying, weighing, and selecting 25-35g bletilla bulb.
The selected bletilla striata bulbs were subjected to the following low temperature treatment.
The test method comprises the following steps: transferring bletilla striata bulb into a climatic chamber for low-temperature treatment at 5 deg.C and 70% humidity in dark environment for 15d, 20d, 30d, 35d, and 40d, respectively, and using non-low-temperature treated bletilla striata as control. After the treatment, the seedlings are moved into another artificial climate box, the seedling reviving treatment and the flower forcing treatment are sequentially carried out, and the germination rate and the flowering rate are counted.
And (3) test results: as shown in Table 2, the control and the bletilla striata treated at low temperature for 15 days did not flower, the bletilla striata treated at the low temperature for more than 15 days showed flowering, and the flowering rate of the bletilla striata after 25 days of low temperature treatment was the highest, so that the suitable treatment time was 25 days.
TABLE 2 flowering rate of bletilla striata at different low temperature treatment times
Example 3: screening example of foliar application of Fertilizer during flower forcing treatment
1. Digging seedlings: selecting 200 plants of bletilla with consistent swelling potential and strong growth in bletilla seedling nursery, carefully subtracting root, stem and leaf with scissors, cleaning, naturally drying, weighing, and selecting 25-35g bletilla bulb.
2. Low-temperature treatment: and (3) placing the bletilla striata bulbs selected in the step (1) in an artificial climate box, setting the temperature to be 5 ℃, the humidity to be 75% and the light intensity to be 0Lx respectively, and carrying out dark treatment for 25 days.
3. Planting: uniformly mixing garden soil and vermiculite according to the proportion of 1:3, pouring the mixture into a seedling growing cup, wherein the depth of a soil layer is about 5cm, embedding the bulb buds upwards into a matrix, and finally, watering thoroughly.
4. Seedling rejuvenation treatment: after planting, carrying out seedling rejuvenation treatment for 10 days, setting the light illumination to be 2500Lx in the daytime, the temperature to be 15-20 ℃, the light illumination to be 0Lx at night, the temperature to be 5-10 ℃, keeping the relative humidity to be 80%, and keeping the soil in the basin moist.
5. Flower forcing treatment: and (5) after seedling revival treatment, flower forcing treatment is carried out. Ensuring the illumination for 12 hours in the daytime every day, wherein the intensity is 3000Lx and the temperature is 20-25 ℃; at night, 10 ℃ or so, and dark treatment for 12 hours, wherein the humidity is kept at 80 percent. Different fertilizers were sprayed every 1 week on the leaf surfaces for comparison.
The test method comprises the following steps: the fertilizers tested were a mixture of 0.1 wt% monopotassium phosphate and 0.2 wt% urea (A), and the concentrations of 0.0wt 1% (B) and 0.02 wt% (C) of N: p: k is 20: 20: 20 balanced compound fertilizers, each treating 20 bletilla striata bulbs.
And (4) test conclusion: as shown in the following table, it was finally shown that the bletilla striata of group B grew best, the leaf color was strong, and flowering was the most.
TABLE 3 flowering rate of bletilla striata under different fertilizer treatments
Example 4: regulation of bletilla striata flowering phase
1. Digging seedlings: and (4) selecting 200 plants of bletilla striata which are consistent in swelling potential and strong in growth in a bletilla striata nursery garden in 9 months and 1 day, carefully subtracting root, stem and leaf by using scissors, cleaning, naturally airing, weighing, and selecting 100 bletilla striata bulbs of 25-35g from the bletilla striata nursery garden.
2. Low-temperature treatment: and (3) placing the bletilla striata bulbs selected in the step (1) in an artificial climate box, setting the temperature to be 5 ℃, the humidity to be 75% and the light intensity to be 0Lx respectively, and carrying out dark treatment for 25 days. After low-temperature treatment, the bletilla striata bulbs are full and robust.
3. Planting: uniformly mixing garden soil and vermiculite according to a volume ratio of 1:3 (common culture medium of bletilla striata can be adopted as seedling culture medium), pouring the mixture into a seedling culture cup, wherein the depth of a soil layer is about 5cm, embedding the bulb buds upwards into the medium, and finally watering thoroughly.
4. Seedling rejuvenation treatment: after planting, carrying out seedling rejuvenation treatment for 10 days, setting the light illumination to be 2500Lx in the daytime, the temperature to be 15-20 ℃, the light illumination to be 0Lx at night, the temperature to be 5-10 ℃, keeping the relative humidity to be 80%, and keeping the soil in the basin moist.
5. Flower forcing treatment: and (5) after seedling revival treatment, flower forcing treatment is carried out. Ensuring the illumination for 12 hours in the daytime every day, wherein the intensity is 3000Lx and the temperature is 20-25 ℃; at night, 10 ℃ or so, and dark treatment for 12 hours, wherein the humidity is kept at 80 percent. 0.01 percent of balanced compound fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surface once every 1 week.
Starting at 1 month 11, the bletilla striata continuously blooms until 27 months 11, 70 bletilla striata normally bloom together, the flowering rate reaches 70%, and the average flowering phase of the bletilla striata is 20 days.
Claims (4)
1. A method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of bletilla striata is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) digging seedlings: selecting 2-3 years old bletilla striata plants 60-70 days away from a target flowering phase according to the flowering date of market demands, removing roots, stems and leaves, and keeping bulbs;
(2) low-temperature treatment: placing the bulbs treated in the step (1) under the low-temperature dark condition of 5 ℃ for 25 days, and keeping the humidity at 75%;
(3) planting: planting the bletilla striata bulbs subjected to low-temperature dark treatment in the step (2) in a seedling culture medium;
(4) seedling rejuvenation treatment: carrying out relatively low-temperature seedling reviving treatment on the planted bletilla striata bulbs for 10 days, ensuring the illumination for 12 hours in the day each day during the treatment, wherein the illumination intensity in the day is 2500Lx, the temperature in the day is 15-20 ℃, the illumination at night is 0Lx, the temperature is 5-10 ℃, keeping the soil in a pot moist during the seedling reviving treatment period, and keeping the relative humidity at 80%;
(5) flower forcing treatment: carrying out catalytic treatment on the bletilla striata bulbs which are planted and are subjected to seedling rejuvenation treatment in the step (4) for 10 days for 30-40 days, wherein the treatment ensures that the bulbs are illuminated for 12 hours in the daytime every day, the intensity is 3000Lx, and the daytime temperature is 20-25 ℃; carrying out dark treatment for 12 hours at night, keeping the temperature at 10 ℃ at night, keeping the pot soil moist during the flower forcing treatment period, and keeping the relative humidity at 80%; during the flower forcing treatment, foliar fertilization was performed every 10 days.
2. The method of regulating as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the selection of the bletilla striata plant in the step (1) is that the weight of the bulb is 25-35 g.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of: in the step (3), the seedling culture substrate is prepared by mixing garden soil and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 1: 3.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of: in the step (5), the foliar fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer, and the preparation concentration is 0.01 wt% during application.
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