CN105594573B - A kind of method for shortening camellia commodity potted flower juvenile phase - Google Patents

A kind of method for shortening camellia commodity potted flower juvenile phase Download PDF

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CN105594573B
CN105594573B CN201610116867.2A CN201610116867A CN105594573B CN 105594573 B CN105594573 B CN 105594573B CN 201610116867 A CN201610116867 A CN 201610116867A CN 105594573 B CN105594573 B CN 105594573B
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upper basin
plant
mass fraction
basin
next year
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CN105594573A (en
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蔡艳飞
李树发
王继华
彭绿春
解玮佳
陆琳
贺颖华
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Flower Research Institute of YAAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of method for shortening camellia commodity potted flower juvenile phase.This method includes managing after the cutting propagation, upper basin, upper basin of seedling, organizes basin and management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.The inventive method can not only be such that camellia mushrooms out in a short time, the potted flower production cycle was reduced to 18 months from 3~4 years of traditional grafting cultivation, significantly shorten the juvenile phase of potted plant camellia, reduce the planting cost of camellia commodity potted flower, soil cultivation soil-borne disease source bacterium is also overcomed simultaneously and Soil Protozoan is not easy to kill, the problem of being unfavorable for exporting clearance.

Description

A kind of method for shortening camellia commodity potted flower juvenile phase
Technical field
The present invention relates to woody ornamentais cultural method technical field, and in particular to it is virgin that one kind shortens camellia commodity potted flower The method of phase.
Background technology
Camellia belongs to Theaceae (Theaceae) Camellia (Camellia) plant, is the famous traditional famous flower in China, It is world-renowned rare ornamental flower.Gorgeous changeable, the flower Rong Jiaomei of its pattern, heavy foliage is verdant, is not withered through the winter, deep by each compatriots The people like.China possesses abundant camellia resource, and the development potentiality of camellia industry is very big.
The potted flower production of camellia has reached fairly large at present, but most of plantation enterprise and peasant household still continue to use it is traditional Soil cultivation cultivates camellia potted flower.The camellia of soil cultivation is not only slow-growing, juvenile phase is longer, sprouts to plant and opens from seed Spending needs 5~6 years even longer time, causes the camellia potted flower production cycle to grow, potted flower holds at high price, it is difficult to come into thousand Ten thousand families of family, pest and disease damage, pathogeny bacterium and Soil Protozoan are easily propagated plus soil cultivation and is not easy to kill, and are unfavorable for exporting clearance etc. Problem, seriously constrain the development of camellia industry.Therefore, the soilless culture of camellia potted flower has been inquired into by many plantation enterprises and peasant household Method, and shorten using the method for grafting the juvenile phase of potted plant camellia, but the soilless culture research of China's camellia is still in starting Stage of fumbling, shortage and supporting, the suitable soilless culture management method of soilless culture substrate, and the cultivation of stock needs 1~2 Year, cultivated after grafting survival into commodity potted flower and also need to 2-3, or even longer time.Therefore, if a series of cultivation can be used Training technology makes potted plant camellia mushroom out in a short time, shortens the juvenile phase of potted plant camellia, comparatively fast cultivates into commodity potted flower, will significantly The planting cost of potted plant camellia is reduced, promotes the industry development of camellia.
The content of the invention
Technical problem of the present invention for camellia commodity potted flower juvenile phase length, there is provided one kind shortens camellia commodity potted flower juvenile phase Method.Technical solution of the present invention includes as follows：Managed after the cutting propagation of seedling, upper basin, upper basin, organize basin and management, disease pest Evil preventing and treating：
(1) cutting propagation of seedling
High pressure density fog automatic sprayer is installed in the plastic greenhouse of water white transparency and seedbed is set, is laid in seedbed by mud Charcoal and perlite press peat：The volume ratio of perlite is 2:1 matrix mixed, in by the end of June~at the beginning of 7 months, clip is without disease pest It is cuttings to give birth to semi-lignified branch on harmful camellia maternal plant then, and cuttings base portion is containing 0.8~1.0%IBA and 5% first Natural air drying after 8~10s is dipped in the root-growing agent of base thiophanate, is inserted into medium of seedling bed, pours permeable；During cutting propagation, control Temperature in plastic greenhouse processed is 20~30 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 80~90%；It is 0.1% with mass fraction every 10 days Thiophanate methyl solution and the Bravo solution that mass fraction is 0.1% alternately spray the carry out prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
(2) basin on
Mid-October, by step (1) cuttage root-taking kind transplantation of seedlings in the pot for growing seedlings of the 10*10cm equipped with soilless culture substrate In, per one plant of alms bowl, pour once permeable after transplanting, and pot for growing seedlings is moved into the plastic greenhouse of water white transparency immediately；It is described to be planted without soil It is according to peat by peat and perlite to train matrix:Perlite volume ratio is 2:1 ratio mix or by peat and coconut palm chaff by According to peat:The volume ratio of coconut palm chaff is 1:1 ratio mixes；
(3) managed on after basin
1. illumination controls：Built on seedling after basin in two weeks with sunshade net above seedling, it is 10000 to control intensity of illumination ~15000lx, within the growth period of camellia afterwards, intensity of illumination is controlled between 33000~45000lx；
2. temperature control：Then to May next year after upper basin, daytime, temperature control was between 15~30 DEG C in greenhouse, night Temperature is not less than 10 DEG C；In June next year to July after upper basin, daytime, temperature control was between 20~28 DEG C in greenhouse, nocturnal temperature Not less than 10 DEG C；After next year August after upper basin, daytime, temperature control was between 15~30 DEG C in greenhouse, and nocturnal temperature is not low In 10 DEG C；
3. water management
A. after upper basin then, pour weekly 2 times it is permeable；
B. January next year after upper basin is to 2 months, pour weekly 1 time it is permeable；
C. March next year to the May after upper basin, pour weekly 2~3 times it is permeable；
D. June next year to the July after upper basin, pour weekly 1~2 time it is permeable；
E. the next year August after upper basin is to October, pour weekly 2~3 times it is permeable；
4. apply fertilizer
A. during upper basin, a Controlled Release Fertilizer is applied, in terms of mass fraction, N is 20%, P in the Controlled Release Fertilizer2O5For 10%, K2O For 10%, the amount of application and application process of the Controlled Release Fertilizer are：Controlled Release Fertilizer described in 1.5~2.0g is applied per pot for growing seedlings, by the controlled release Fertilizer is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in soilless culture substrate top layer in pot for growing seedlings, and is mixed with 2~3cm of pot for growing seedlings endosexine soilless culture substrate Close；
B. January November then to next year after upper basin does not apply fertilizer；
C. in 2 months next years to the May after upper basin, the mixing for applying a 100~150ml is poured in pot for growing seedlings plant root within every 10 days Solution I, and with the mixed solution I to plant foliage-spray once；It containing mass fraction is 0.1% that the mixed solution I, which is, Full water soluble fertilizer and mass fraction be 0.02% potassium dihydrogen phosphate the aqueous solution, in terms of mass fraction, it is described mixing it is molten The N in full water soluble fertilizer in liquid I is 20%, P2O5For 10%, K2O is 20%；
D. mid-April next year after upper basin, apply a step (3) the 4. Controlled Release Fertilizer described in A, the amount of application of Controlled Release Fertilizer and The same step of application process (3) 4. A；
E. June next year after upper basin to August, the mixing for applying a 100~150ml is poured in pot for growing seedlings plant root in every 10 days Solution II, and with the mixed solution II to plant foliage-spray once；The mixed solution II is to be containing mass fraction 0.04% full water soluble fertilizer and mass fraction are the aqueous solution of 0.08% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, described mixed in terms of mass fraction The N closed in the full water soluble fertilizer in solution II is 20%, P2O5For 10%, K2O is 20%；
F. the next year September after upper basin is to October, every 15 days with step (3) 4. mixed solution II described in E to every pot for growing seedlings Plant root, which is poured, applies 100~150ml, and with step (3) 4. mixed solution II described in E to plant foliage-spray once；
5. trimming and finishing
A. pinching：At the beginning of 2 months next years after upper basin, terminal bud is extractd；
B. trim：In May next year after upper basin, cut off the part that branch stretches out tree crown；
C. flower bud is dredged：Next year after upper basin by the end of July, retains 1~2 bud, cuts off remaining bud on a branch；
(4) basin and management are organized
Mid-November next year after upper basin, plant height is selected in above-mentioned 10*10cm pot for growing seedlings in 20~35cm, branch 2 More than branch, individual plant contains 2~4 buds after dredging flower bud, and the plantlet of transplant of no disease and pests harm is the 18*18cm's equipped with soilless culture substrate In pot for growing seedlings, each 18*18cm pot for growing seedlings transplants the plant selected by 2~3 plants, in the pot for growing seedlings of the 18*18cm Soilless culture substrate is identical with the soilless culture substrate described in step (2), and a step (3) is applied 4. described in A when organizing basin Controlled Release Fertilizer, the same step of amount of application and application process (3) of the Controlled Release Fertilizer 4. A pours once permeable immediately after transplanting, and cultivation is there is into 2 The 18*18cm of~3 plants of camellias pot for growing seedlings, which is placed in the plastic greenhouse of water white transparency, to be conserved；
(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
March next year after upper basin to August, every 15 days with thiophanate methyl solution that mass fraction is 0.12%, quality The Bravo solution that carbendazim solution that fraction is 0.12%, mass fraction are 0.12% alternately sprays to plant, remaining Time, every 1 month be 0.12% with mass fraction thiophanate methyl solution, mass fraction be 0.12% carbendazim solution, The Bravo solution that mass fraction is 0.12% alternately sprays to plant.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, directly cultivated into potted flower using the seedling of cutting propagation, without cultivating the stock of grafting, with being trained by stock Educate grafting incubation commodity potted flower to compare, save and cultivate 1 year more than half time.
2nd, the control measures such as soilless culture substrate and accurate, standardization illumination, temperature, moisture, fertilising, group basin are utilized Synergy, make camellia growth rapidly, bud differentiation is smooth, and plant strain growth is healthy and strong, from cuttage to before blooming only 18 months, significantly The juvenile phase of camellia commodity potted flower is shortened, shortens juvenile phase 1 year more than half than prior art, significantly reduces camellia commodity potted flower Planting cost.
3rd, the camellia of cultivation is subjected to group basin and management, makes commodity potted flower plant type plentiful, significantly improve potted flower quality, carry The high ornamental value of camellia.
4th, overcome camellia soil cultivation soil-borne disease source bacterium and Soil Protozoan is not easy to kill, be unfavorable for exporting clearance Problem.
5th, the inventive method can be operated precisely, suitable for industrial, the commodity camellia potted flower of large-scale production, be industrialization tea The production of flowerpot peanut provides technical support.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is further detailed explanation, but is not limitation of the invention, owns Within the scope of the present invention or the correcting in the equivalent scope of the invention is included in the invention.Following examples are normal without specified otherwise Rule method, material therefor and equipment are commercially available in each embodiment.Enforcement place：Yunnan Province Kunming, longitude E：102 ° of 41', Latitude N：25 ° of 01', height above sea level 1920m.
Embodiment 1：By taking camellia kind ' Parkes ' as an example, the present invention is described further：
(1) cutting propagation of seedling
High pressure density fog automatic sprayer is installed in the plastic greenhouse of water white transparency and seedbed is set, is laid in seedbed by mud Charcoal and perlite press peat：The volume ratio of perlite is 2:1 matrix mixed, in by the end of June, the camellia of clip no disease and pests harm It is cuttings to give birth to semi-lignified branch on maternal plant then, and cuttings base portion is in the life containing 0.8%IBA and 5% thiophanate methyl Natural air drying after 8~10s is dipped in root agent, is inserted into medium of seedling bed, pours permeable；High pressure density fog automatic sprayer carries free Gas phase is popped one's head in hygrometry, can be arranged as required to relative air humidity scope, automatic start spray time and the frequency make sky To humid control within the required range, during cutting propagation, it is 20~30 DEG C to control the temperature in plastic greenhouse to gas phase, and air is relative Humidity is 80~90%, if plastics temperature of shed is more than 30 DEG C, passes through high pressure density fog automatic sprayer spray cooling, such as temperature Degree then installs hot water heating pipe-line equipment in canopy or other measures improves temperature of shed less than required temperature；Every 10 days, use Mass fraction is that the Bravo solution that 0.1% thiophanate methyl solution and mass fraction are 0.1% alternately sprays carry out pest and disease damage Preventing and treating；The preparation method of the root-growing agent containing 0.8%IBA and 5% thiophanate methyl：It is first 95% with a small amount of volume fraction Alcohol 0.8 gram of IBA is dissolved, add 5 gram 75% of thiophanate methyl wettable powder, add distilled water and be settled to 100ml.The mass fraction is the preparation method of 0.1% thiophanate methyl solution：According to 1 kg of water, 1.0 gram 70% is added Thiophanate methyl wettable powder mixes.The mass fraction is the preparation method of 0.1% Bravo solution：According to 1 Kg of water, add 1.0 gram of 75% Bravo wettable powder and mix.
(2) basin on
Cuttage mid-October then, by step (1) cuttage root-taking kind transplantation of seedlings in the 10*10cm equipped with soilless culture substrate Pot for growing seedlings in, per one plant of alms bowl, pour once permeable after transplanting, and pot for growing seedlings moved into the plastic greenhouse of water white transparency immediately；Institute It is according to peat by peat and coconut palm chaff to state soilless culture substrate:The volume ratio of coconut palm chaff is 1:1 ratio mixes；
(3) managed on after basin
1. illumination controls：Built on seedling after basin in two weeks with sunshade net above seedling, it is 10000 to control intensity of illumination ~15000lx, within the growth period of camellia afterwards, intensity of illumination is controlled between 33000~45000lx；
2. temperature control：Then to May next year after upper basin, control in greenhouse that day temperature is between 15~30 DEG C, night Temperature is not less than 10 DEG C；June next year to July after upper basin, control greenhouse in day temperature between 20~28 DEG C, nocturnal temperature Not less than 10 DEG C；After next year August after upper basin, for day temperature between 15~30 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is not low in control greenhouse In 10 DEG C.If plastics temperature of shed is more than 30 DEG C, institute is less than by high pressure density fog automatic sprayer spray cooling, such as temperature Temperature is needed, then hot water heating pipe-line equipment is installed in canopy or other measures improve temperature of shed；
3. water management
A. after upper basin then, plant starts to grow, poured per weekly interval 2 times it is permeable, pour water spacer every time 2~3 days；
B. January next year after upper basin, camellia plant was in semidormancy state to 2 months, pour weekly 1 time it is permeable；
C. March next year to the May after upper basin, camellia start to sprout young sprout, and growth is rapid, poured per weekly interval 2 times it is permeable, often It is secondary to pour water spacer 2~3 days；
D. June next year to the July after upper basin, camellia proceed by bud differentiation, pour weekly 1 time it is permeable；
E. the next year August after upper basin is to October, camellia continued propagation, poured per weekly interval 2 times it is permeable, pour water spacer 2 every time ~3 days；
4. apply fertilizer
A. during upper basin, Ai Beishi (APEX) Controlled Release Fertilizer of Xin Pulao companies of a U.S. production, in terms of mass fraction, institute are applied It is 20%, P to state N in Controlled Release Fertilizer2O5For 10%, K2O is 10%, and the amount of application and application process of the Controlled Release Fertilizer are：Applied per pot for growing seedlings Controlled Release Fertilizer described in 1.5g, the Controlled Release Fertilizer is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in soilless culture substrate top layer in pot for growing seedlings, and with table in pot for growing seedlings 2~3cm of layer soilless culture substrate mixing.
B. in January November then to next year after upper basin, camellia plant strain growth is slow, in semidormancy state, does not apply fertilizer.
C. in 2 months next years to the May after upper basin, poured in every pot for growing seedlings plant root within every 10 days and apply a 100ml mixed solution I, after the completion of the fertilising of plant root, foliage-spray is carried out once to plant with the mixed solution I, foliage-spray amount is dripped with blade Untill water；The phosphorus that the full water soluble fertilizer and mass fraction that it is 0.1% containing mass fraction that the mixed solution I, which is, are 0.02% The aqueous solution of acid dihydride potassium, in terms of mass fraction, the N in full water soluble fertilizer in the mixed solution I is 20%, P2O5For 10%, K2O is 20%；
It is described be 0.1% containing mass fraction full water soluble fertilizer and mass fraction be 0.02% potassium dihydrogen phosphate The preparation method of the aqueous solution：According to 1 kg of water, 1 gram of full water soluble fertilizer and 0.2 gram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are added, is mixed.
D. mid-April next year after upper basin, apply a step (3) the 4. Controlled Release Fertilizer described in A, the amount of application of Controlled Release Fertilizer and The same step of application process (3) 4. A.
E. June next year after upper basin to August, pours and applies a 100ml mixed solution for every 10 days in every pot for growing seedlings plant root II, after the completion of the fertilising of plant root, foliage-spray is carried out to plant with the mixed solution II, foliage-spray amount is dripped with blade Untill；The phosphoric acid that it is 0.04% full water soluble fertilizer containing mass fraction that the mixed solution II, which is, and mass fraction is 0.08% The aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen, in terms of mass fraction, the N in full water soluble fertilizer in the mixed solution II is 20%, P2O5For 10%, K2O is 20%；The di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate that described is 0.04% full water soluble fertilizer containing mass fraction and mass fraction is 0.08% The preparation method of the aqueous solution of hydrogen potassium：According to 1 kg of water, 0.4 gram of full water soluble fertilizer and 0.8 gram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are added, is mixed Conjunction forms.
F. the next year September after upper basin is to October, every 15 days with step (3) 4. mixed solution II described in E to every pot for growing seedlings Plant root, which is poured, applies 100ml, and after the completion of the fertilising of plant root, with step (3), 4. mixed solution II described in E sprays to plant blade face Apply, foliage-spray amount is untill blade drips.
5. trimming and finishing
A. pinching：At the beginning of 2 months next years after upper basin, terminal bud is extractd, stimulates axillary bud sprouting, forms side shoot；
B. trim：In May next year after upper basin, cut off the branch of excessive growth that branch stretches out tree crown；
C. flower bud is dredged：Next year after upper basin, camellia bud showed by the end of July, and 1~2 bud is retained on a branch, cuts off it Remaining bud, in order to avoid scattered nutrition.
(4) basin and management are organized
Mid-November next year after upper basin, in above-mentioned 10cm*10cm pot for growing seedlings, (i.e. bore 10cm, high 10cm's educates Seedling alms bowl) in selection plant height in 20~35cm, branch more than 2, individual plant contain 2~4 buds, the plant shifting of no disease and pests harm after dredging flower bud It is planted in the pot for growing seedlings of the 18*18cm equipped with soilless culture substrate, each 18*18cm pot for growing seedlings (i.e. bore 18cm, height 18cm pot for growing seedlings) plant selected by 2~3 plants of transplanting, soilless culture substrate and step in the pot for growing seedlings of the 18*18cm (2) soilless culture substrate described in is identical；A step (3) the 4. Controlled Release Fertilizer described in A, the administration of the Controlled Release Fertilizer are applied during group basin Amount and the same step of application process (3) 4. A；Pour immediately once permeable after transplanting, and the 18*18cm that there are 2~3 plants of camellias will be planted and educated Seedling alms bowl, which is placed in the plastic greenhouse of water white transparency, to be conserved, can list marketing before the Spring Festival.
(5) step (3) to step (4) the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
The camellia prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, is aimed at prevention, and March next year after upper basin to August, is with mass fraction every 15 days The Bravo that carbendazim solution that 0.12% thiophanate methyl solution, mass fraction are 0.12%, mass fraction are 0.12% Solution alternately sprays to plant, 2 months next years after remaining time i.e. upper basin after supreme basin, and the next year September after upper basin To before blooming, every 1 month be 0.12% with mass fraction thiophanate methyl solution, mass fraction be 0.12% carbendazim it is molten Liquid, the Bravo solution that mass fraction is 0.12% alternately spray to plant.
The mass fraction is the preparation method of 0.12% thiophanate methyl solution：According to 1 kg of water, 1.2 grams are added 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder mixes.
The mass fraction is the preparation method of 0.12% carbendazim solution：According to 1 kg of water, 1.2 gram 50% is added Carbendazol wettable powder mixes.
The mass fraction is the preparation method of 0.12% Bravo solution：According to 1 kg of water, 1.2 gram 75% is added Bravo wettable powder mixes.
Embodiment 2
For embodiment 2 in addition to following measures are different, remaining measure is same as Example 1.
(1) cutting propagation of seedling
At the beginning of 7 months, semi-lignified branch conduct is given birth to then on camellia kind ' strong perfume (or spice) ' maternal plant of clip no disease and pests harm Cuttings, the root-growing agent that cuttings base portion dips in are the root-growing agent containing 1.0%IBA and 5% thiophanate methyl.
(2) basin on
Soilless culture substrate in 10*10cm pot for growing seedlings is according to peat by peat and perlite:The volume of perlite Than for 2:1 ratio mixes.
(3) managed on after basin
3. water management
C. March next year to the May after upper basin, poured per weekly interval 3 times it is permeable, pour water spacer every time 1~2 day；
D. June next year to the July after upper basin, poured per weekly interval 2 times it is permeable, pour water spacer every time 2~3 days；
E. the next year August after upper basin is to October, poured per weekly interval 3 times it is permeable, pour water spacer every time 1~2 day；
4. apply fertilizer
A. during upper basin, it is to apply 2.0g per pot for growing seedlings to apply Controlled Release Fertilizer；
C. poured in every pot for growing seedlings plant root within every 10 days and apply a 150ml mixed solution I；
E. poured in every pot for growing seedlings plant root within every 10 days and apply a 150ml mixed solution II.
F. with step (3), 4. mixed solution II described in E pours every pot for growing seedlings plant root and applies 150ml within every 15 days.
Embodiment 3
In addition to the camellia kind of selection is ' beautiful faery ', remaining cultivation step is same as Example 1, repeats no more.
The various embodiments described above pipe such as soilless culture substrate of the present invention and fine illumination, temperature, moisture, fertilising, group basin The synergy of reason, make camellia growth rapidly, bud differentiation is smooth, and plant strain growth is healthy and strong, and potted flower plant type is plentiful, commodity value It is high.Start to calculate with cuttage by the end of June, callus initially forms after cuttage 25~30 days, starts to take root after 60 days, 80-100 days Cuttage seeding forms a diameter of 1.5~3cm root ball in base portion afterwards.Next year after upper basin shows bud by the end of July, the next year after upper basin Mid-November group basin, December next year~3rd year after upper basin can be used as the direct list marketing of commodity potted flower January, i.e., from late June Seedling cutting propagation calculates juvenile phase to before blooming, and its juvenile phase only needs 18 months, and existing camellia potted flower culture bloom listing need 3~ 4 years.The present invention significantly shorten the juvenile phase of camellia commodity potted flower, significantly reduce the planting cost of camellia commodity potted flower.

Claims (1)

  1. A kind of 1. method for shortening camellia commodity potted flower juvenile phase, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
    (1) cutting propagation of seedling
    High pressure density fog automatic sprayer is installed in the plastic greenhouse of water white transparency and seedbed is set, lay in seedbed by peat with Perlite presses peat：The volume ratio of perlite is 2:1 matrix mixed, in by the end of June~at the beginning of 7 months, clip no disease and pests harm It is cuttings to give birth to semi-lignified branch on camellia maternal plant then, and cuttings base portion is containing 0.8~1.0%IBA and 5% methyl support Natural air drying after 8~10s is dipped in the root-growing agent in cloth Tianjin, is inserted into medium of seedling bed, pours permeable；During cutting propagation, control modeling Temperature in material shed is 20~30 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 80~90%；It is 0.1% methyl with mass fraction every 10 days Thiophanate solution and the Bravo solution that mass fraction is 0.1% alternately spray；
    (2) basin on
    Cuttage mid-October then, by step (1) cuttage root-taking kind transplantation of seedlings educating in the 10*10cm equipped with soilless culture substrate In seedling alms bowl, per one plant of alms bowl, pour once permeable after transplanting, and pot for growing seedlings is moved into the plastic greenhouse of water white transparency immediately；The nothing Native cultivation matrix is according to peat by peat and perlite:Perlite volume ratio is 2:1 ratio mixes or by peat and coconut palm Chaff is according to peat:The volume ratio of coconut palm chaff is 1:1 ratio mixes；
    (3) managed on after basin
    1. illumination controls：Built on seedling after basin with sunshade net above seedling in two weeks, control intensity of illumination be 10000~ 15000lx, within the growth period of camellia afterwards, intensity of illumination is controlled between 33000~45000lx；
    2. temperature control：Then to May next year after upper basin, daytime, temperature control was between 15~30 DEG C in greenhouse, nocturnal temperature Not less than 10 DEG C；In June next year to July after upper basin, daytime, temperature control was between 20~28 DEG C in greenhouse, and nocturnal temperature is not low In 10 DEG C；After next year August after upper basin, daytime, temperature control was between 15~30 DEG C in greenhouse, and nocturnal temperature is not less than 10 ℃；
    3. water management
    A. after upper basin then, pour weekly 2 times it is permeable；
    B. January next year after upper basin is to 2 months, pour weekly 1 time it is permeable；
    C. March next year to the May after upper basin, pour weekly 2~3 times it is permeable；
    D. June next year to the July after upper basin, pour weekly 1~2 time it is permeable；
    E. the next year August after upper basin is to October, pour weekly 2~3 times it is permeable；
    4. apply fertilizer
    A. during upper basin, a Controlled Release Fertilizer is applied, in terms of mass fraction, N is 20%, P in the Controlled Release Fertilizer2O5For 10%, K2O is 10%, the amount of application and application process of the Controlled Release Fertilizer are：1.5~2.0g is applied per pot for growing seedlings, by the Controlled Release Fertilizer uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in Soilless culture substrate top layer in pot for growing seedlings, and mixed with 2~3cm of pot for growing seedlings endosexine soilless culture substrate；
    B. January November then to next year after upper basin does not apply fertilizer；
    C. 2 months next years to the May after upper basin, poured in every pot for growing seedlings plant root within every 10 days apply a 100~150ml mixing it is molten Liquid I, and with the mixed solution I to plant foliage-spray；The full water that it is 0.1% containing mass fraction that the mixed solution I, which is, Soluble fertilizers and mass fraction are the aqueous solution of 0.02% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, in terms of mass fraction, in the mixed solution I N in full water soluble fertilizer is 20%, P2O5For 10%, K2O is 20%；
    D. mid-April next year after upper basin, a step (3) the 4. Controlled Release Fertilizer described in A, the amount of application of Controlled Release Fertilizer and administration are applied 4. A is identical with step (3) for method；
    E. June next year after upper basin to August, the mixing for applying 100~150ml once is poured in every pot for growing seedlings plant root in every 10 days Solution II, and with the mixed solution II to plant foliage-spray；It containing mass fraction is 0.04% that the mixed solution II, which is, Full water soluble fertilizer and mass fraction are the aqueous solution of 0.08% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, in terms of mass fraction, the mixed solution The N in full water soluble fertilizer in II is 20%, P2O5For 10%, K2O is 20%；
    F. the next year September after upper basin is to October, every 15 days with step (3) 4. mixed solution II described in E to every pot for growing seedlings plant Root, which is poured, applies 100~150ml, and with step (3) 4. mixed solution II described in E to plant foliage-spray；
    5. trimming and finishing
    A. pinching：At the beginning of 2 months next years after upper basin, terminal bud is extractd；
    B. trim：In May next year after upper basin, cut off the part that branch stretches out tree crown；
    C. flower bud is dredged：Next year after upper basin by the end of July, retains 1~2 bud, cuts off remaining bud on a branch；
    (4) basin and management are organized
    Mid-November next year after upper basin, plant height is selected in above-mentioned 10*10cm pot for growing seedlings in 20~35cm, branch 2 with On, individual plant contains 2~4 buds after dredging flower bud, the nursery of the plantlet of transplant of no disease and pests harm in the 18*18cm equipped with soilless culture substrate In alms bowl, each 18*18cm pot for growing seedlings transplants the plant selected by 2~3 plants, in the pot for growing seedlings of the 18*18cm without soil Cultivation matrix is identical with the soilless culture substrate described in step (2), and a step (3) the 4. controlled release described in A is applied when organizing basin Fertilizer, the same step of amount of application and application process (3) of the Controlled Release Fertilizer 4. A pours once permeable immediately after transplanting, and cultivation is there is into 2~3 plants The 18*18cm of camellia pot for growing seedlings, which is placed in the plastic greenhouse of water white transparency, to be conserved；
    (5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
    March next year after upper basin to August, every 15 days with thiophanate methyl solution that mass fraction is 0.12%, mass fraction The Bravo solution for being 0.12% for 0.12% carbendazim solution, mass fraction alternately sprays to plant, remaining time, Every 1 month be 0.12% with mass fraction thiophanate methyl solution, mass fraction be 0.12% carbendazim solution, quality point Number alternately sprays for 0.12% Bravo solution to plant.
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CN107135779A (en) * 2017-05-27 2017-09-08 句容市农业技术推广中心 A kind of simple cuttage method for improving camellia survival rate
CN107926350B (en) * 2017-12-21 2019-12-17 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 Method for promoting flower bud differentiation of young camellia and improving plant compactness
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