CN103004498B - Listing period control method for greenhouse flowers and plants - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a listing period control method for greenhouse flowers and plants. A greenhouse crop nitrogen-potassium content microelectrode measurement device is adopted to measure change rules of ion concentrations corresponding to standard irrigation area flowers and plants under different ion fertilizer application amounts in the whole lifting process to obtain relations between corresponding ion fertilizer application amounts and listing time; the variable fertilizer application is implemented to control irrigation areas according to the relations; and the fertilizer application amount feedback adjustment is implemented through comparing ion concentration trend differences between the control irrigation areas and the standard irrigation areas to correct fertilizer application proportionality coefficients so as to effectively and quickly control the listing period of the flowers and the plants. The method can be used for the listing period control field of the greenhouse flowers and plants, and is beneficial to producing high-quality flowers and plants so as to meet the requirements in the flower and plant market.

Description

A kind of greenhouse flowers listing period regulation method

Technical field

The invention belongs to manufacturing technology field, greenhouse, particularly relate to a kind of listing of chamber crop based on measuring ion microelectrode period regulation method.

Background technology

The listing phase of greenhouse flowers, by flowers nourish and grow and determine with period of reproductive growth and cycle,, if can regulate and control growth period and cycle, cater to the market demand, just can increase economic efficiency.The flowers listing is subjected to the impact of water, fertilizer, illumination, temperature, flower forcing agent etc., and wherein the management of fertilizer is vital for flowers.The fertilizer requirement of flowers is very large, and particularly nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer, as not enough in improper fertilization or fertilizer supply, all can affect the growth rate of flowers; Simultaneously, most of flowers need to reduce fertilising concentration within period the last period of going on the market, on the one hand so that the minimizing salt damage, on the impact in flowering stage, can reduce the waste of fertilizer on the other hand.Therefore, greenhouse flowers need to use variable, accurate fertilization mode to regulate and control, in order to cater to the listing phase.

Traditional flowers listing period regulation method, take the producer's experience as main, diagnoses the rich of flower nutrition to lack by rule of thumb, has arrived flowers and has occurred that nutritional deficiency symptom just can judge, and causes irreversible loss; On the other hand, most of producers are in order to cater to the listing phase, and excessive increasing fertilising also can cause flower characteristic impaired.Chinese patent 200510120908.7 discloses a kind of method and apparatus of organizing chloroplast delayed fluorescence intensity to regulate and control to monitor to crop growth according to green plant; Chinese patent application numbers 201210010383 discloses a kind of checkout gear and monitoring system of by burying for a long time the checkout gear that is placed in soil and to the fertility of the relative moisture of soil and soil, monitoring.Because of flower growth, to need fertile etc. be a dynamic process, these methods can not judge crop institute fertilizer requirement according to nutritional information actual in the crop plant body, easily cause the listing period regulation inaccurate.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of listing of greenhouse flowers based on measuring ion microelectrode period regulation method is provided.Use a kind of greenhouse crop nitrogen potassium content microelectrode measurement mechanism, measure the corresponding ion concentration Changing Pattern of the standard irrigated area flowers of whole listing process in the different ions fertilizing amount, draw the relation of corresponding fertilizing amount and Time To Market, according to this relation, variable fertilization is carried out in the regulation and control irrigated area, and regulate and control the ion concentration tendency difference in irrigated area and standard irrigated area by contrast, the feedback regulation of applying fertilizer, to the listing phase of flowers carry out effectively, regulation and control fast.

Greenhouse flowers listing period regulation method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

Step 1, Criterion sample area:

Getting the irrigated area that 7 flowers are in identical reproductive stage is 7 standard sample districts, according to formula (1), regulates the single ionic fertilizing amount:

F'＝K·F(1)

In formula, F is the single ionic standard manuring amount, and K is adjustment factor, and F' is single ionic fertilizing amount after regulating;

K gets respectively 0.4,0.6,0.8,1,1.2,1.4,1.6 totally 7 groups of numerical value, obtains 7 groups of F' data, respectively to 7 standard sample districts fertilisings;

Step 2, set up fertilizing amount-Time To Market calibration curve and ion concentration-growth time calibration curve:

Record 7 standard sample district flowers Time To Markets, take the adjustment factor in standard sample district as X-axis, take Time To Market as Y-axis, take the Time To Market according to standard manuring amount fertilising as Y-axis zero point, set up coordinate system, mark the data point in 7 standard sample districts, and the consecutive number strong point is connected with straight line, obtain concerning broken line, be fertilizing amount-Time To Market calibration curve;

From step 1 to starting after the fertilising of 7 standard sample districts, when going on the market till, take in sky as the unit record growth time;

, respectively to the flowers in 7 standard sample districts, gathered primary ions concentration numerical value every day every one hour, respectively the measured value on 7 standard sample district same day is averaged, and is the ion concentration on the same day;

7 standard sample districts obtain 7 groups of data altogether, and respectively take X-axis as growth time, Y-axis is ion concentration, obtain 7 groups of per day ion concentrations-growth time standard relationship curve;

Step 3, according to Time To Market, determine fertilizing amount:

Treat the flowers in regulation and control irrigated area, establishing the expection Time To Market is T', brings the T' value into fertilizing amount-Time To Market calibration curve, obtains the adjustment factor corresponding with T' in fertilizing amount-Time To Market calibration curve, is designated as X, is shown below:

$X=\left(\frac{X_2-X_1}{T_2-T_1}\right)(T^{\′}-T_1)+X_1---\left(2\right)$

In formula:

X ₁For be positioned at the adjustment factor of the adjacent data point in T' value left side in fertilizing amount-Time To Market calibration curve;

X ₂For be positioned at the adjustment factor of the adjacent data point in T' value right side in fertilizing amount-Time To Market calibration curve;

T ₁For X ₁Corresponding Time To Market; T ₂For X ₂Corresponding Time To Market;

With X value substitution following formula, the fertilizing amount F when obtaining Time To Market and being T' ":

F″＝X·F(3)

Step 4: the expection ion concentration value V that calculates irrigated area to be regulated and controled flowers ₀:

Treat the flowers in regulation and control irrigated area, gathered primary ions concentration numerical value every day every one hour, the measured value on the same day is averaged, and the ion concentration for irrigated area to be regulated and controled flowers on the same day, be designated as V, and remember that the growth time on the same day is T;

7 groups of per day ion concentrations setting up according to step 2-growth time standard relationship curve, the X in selecting step 3 ₁, X ₂Corresponding wherein 2 groups of per day ion concentration-growth time standard relationship curves are standby;

V ₀For the expection ion concentration value of irrigated area to be regulated and controled flowers, V ₀Definite method be:

1) get X ₁Corresponding per day ion concentration-growth time standard relationship curve, search growth time and be

The time corresponding per day ion concentration, be designated as V ₁

2) get X ₂Corresponding per day ion concentration-growth time standard relationship curve, search growth time and be

The time corresponding per day ion concentration, be designated as V ₂

3) according to formula Calculate V ₀, wherein X is calculated and is obtained by step 2;

Step 5, calculate the fertilizing amount F of irrigated area to be regulated and controled flowers _o:

Computing formula is as follows:

$F_o=(1-K^{\′}\×\frac{V-V_0}{V_0}\×100\%)F^{\′\′}---\left(4\right)$

V is the ion concentration of irrigated area to be regulated and controled flowers on the same day,

F " fertilizing amount while for Time To Market, being T', obtain according to formula (3),

When

The time, the K' value gets 1.1; When

The time, K' gets 0.9, otherwise the K' value gets 1;

According to the fertilizing amount F that calculates irrigated area the to be regulated and controled flowers that obtain _oApply fertilizer, complete regulation and control.

The present invention adopts the beneficial effect after technique scheme to be:

1) fertilizing amount in regulation and control flowers irrigated area is carried out accurate proportioning and correction, reached the purpose to effective control of flowers listing phase;

2) crop is carried out the not damaged somatometry, data acquisition modes is simple, has accelerated whole listing period regulation speed.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the standard relationship curve map of each fertilizing amount of nitrate fertilizer and Time To Market:

In figure: 1, the Time To Market point under standard manuring amount; 2, standard manuring amount; Time To Market point under 3,0.4 times of nitrate fertilizer fertilizing amount; Time To Market point under 4,0.6 times of nitrate fertilizer fertilizing amount; Time To Market point under 5,0.8 times of nitrate fertilizer fertilizing amount; Time To Market point under 6,1.2 times of nitrate fertilizer fertilizing amount; Time To Market point under 7,1.4 times of nitrate fertilizer fertilizing amount; Time To Market point under 8,1.6 times of nitrate fertilizer fertilizing amount.

Fig. 2 is the standard relationship curve map of nitrate ion concentration and growth time:

In figure: 21, the ion concentration curve of standard manuring amount; The ion concentration curve of 22,0.8 times of nitrate fertilizer fertilizing amount; The ion concentration curve of 23,0.6 times of nitrate fertilizer fertilizing amount; The ion concentration curve of 24,1.2 times of nitrate fertilizer fertilizing amount; The ion concentration curve of 25,1.4 times of nitrate fertilizer fertilizing amount; 26, expection Time To Market line.

Fig. 3 is that fertilizing amount is determined figure:

In figure: 31, the Time To Market of standard manuring amount; 32, require Time To Market in advance; 33, require fertilizing amount corresponding to Time To Market in advance; 34, the last fertilizing amount coefficient of fertilizing amount to be determined; 35, a rear fertilizing amount coefficient of fertilizing amount to be determined.

Fig. 4 is fertilizing amount correction figure:

In figure: 41, standard ionomer concentration; 42, the actual measurement ion concentration; 43, the listing phase of requirement.

Embodiment

, below in conjunction with description of drawings, take the listing period regulation of greenhouse poinsettia as embodiment, invention is further described:

Take regulation and control nitrate fertilizer fertilizing amount as example:

Step 1, Criterion sample area:

Getting 7 poinsettia irrigated areas, greenhouse that are in identical reproductive stage is 7 standard sample districts, according to formula (1), regulates the nitrate ion fertilizing amount:

F'＝K·F(1)

In formula, F is the nitrate ion standard manuring amount, and K is adjustment factor, and F' is nitrate ion fertilizing amount after regulating;

K gets respectively 0.4,0.6,0.8,1,1.2,1.4,1.6 totally 7 groups of numerical value, obtains 7 groups of F' data, respectively to 7 standard sample districts fertilisings;

Step 2, set up fertilizing amount-Time To Market calibration curve and nitrate ion concentration-growth time calibration curve:

Record 7 standard sample district poinsettia Time To Markets, take the adjustment factor in standard sample district as X-axis, take Time To Market as Y-axis, take the Time To Market according to standard manuring amount fertilising as Y-axis zero point, set up coordinate system, mark the data point in 7 standard sample districts, and the consecutive number strong point is connected with straight line, obtain concerning broken line, be fertilizing amount-Time To Market calibration curve;

From step 1 to starting after the fertilising of 7 standard sample districts, when going on the market till, take in sky as the unit record growth time;

, respectively to the poinsettia flowers in 7 standard sample districts, gathered a nitrate ion concentration numerical value every day every one hour, respectively the measured value on 7 standard sample district same day is averaged, and is the nitrate ion concentration on the same day;

7 standard sample districts obtain 7 groups of data altogether, and respectively take X-axis as growth time, Y-axis is nitrate ion concentration, obtain 7 groups of per day nitrate ion concentrations-growth time standard relationship curve;

Step 3, according to Time To Market, determine fertilizing amount:

Treat the poinsettia flowers in regulation and control irrigated area, establishing the expection Time To Market is T', brings the T' value into fertilizing amount-Time To Market calibration curve, obtains the adjustment factor corresponding with T' in fertilizing amount-Time To Market calibration curve, is designated as X, is shown below:

$X=\left(\frac{X_2-X_1}{T_2-T_1}\right)(T^{\′}-T_1)+X_1---\left(2\right)$

In formula:

X ₁For be positioned at the adjustment factor of the adjacent data point in T' value left side in fertilizing amount-Time To Market calibration curve;

X ₂For be positioned at the adjustment factor of the adjacent data point in T' value right side in fertilizing amount-Time To Market calibration curve;

T ₁For X ₁Corresponding Time To Market; T ₂For X ₂Corresponding Time To Market;

With X value substitution following formula, the fertilizing amount F when obtaining Time To Market and being T' ":

F″＝X·F(3)

Step 4: the expection nitrate ion concentration value V that calculates irrigated area to be regulated and controled poinsettia ₀:

Treat the poinsettia in regulation and control irrigated area, gathered a nitrate ion concentration numerical value every one hour every day, and the measured value on the same day is averaged, and the nitrate ion concentration for irrigated area to be regulated and controled flowers on the same day, be designated as V, and remember that the growth time on the same day is T;

7 groups of per day ion concentrations setting up according to step 2-growth time standard relationship curve, the X in selecting step 3 ₁, X ₂Corresponding wherein 2 groups of per day nitrate ion concentration-growth time standard relationship curves are standby;

V ₀For the expection nitrate ion concentration value of irrigated area to be regulated and controled poinsettia, V ₀Definite method be:

1) get X ₁Corresponding per day ion concentration-growth time standard relationship curve, search growth time and be

The time corresponding per day nitrate ion concentration, be designated as V ₁

2) get X ₂Corresponding per day ion concentration-growth time standard relationship curve, search growth time and be

The time corresponding per day nitrate ion concentration, be designated as V ₂

3) according to formula

Calculate V ₀, wherein X is calculated and is obtained by step 2;

Step 5, calculate the fertilizing amount F of irrigated area to be regulated and controled poinsettia _o:

Computing formula is as follows:

$F_o=(1-K^{\′}\×\frac{V-V_0}{V_0}\×100\%)F^{\′\′}---\left(4\right)$

V is the nitrate ion concentration of irrigated area to be regulated and controled poinsettia on the same day,

F " the nitrate fertilizer fertilizing amount while for Time To Market, being T', obtain according to formula (3),

When

The time, the K' value gets 1.1; When

The time, K' gets 0.9, otherwise the K' value gets 1;

According to the nitrate fertilizer fertilizing amount F that calculates irrigated area the to be regulated and controled poinsettia that obtains _oApply fertilizer, complete regulation and control.

The ammonium radical ion is implemented with reference to above step with corresponding ion fertilizing amount with the detection of potassium ion.

Claims (1)

1. a greenhouse flowers listing period regulation method, is characterized in that, described method comprises the following steps:

Step 1, Criterion sample area:

Getting the irrigated area that 7 flowers are in identical reproductive stage is 7 standard sample districts, according to formula (1), regulates the single ionic fertilizing amount:

F'＝K·F(1)

In formula, F is the single ionic standard manuring amount, and K is adjustment factor, and F' is single ionic fertilizing amount after regulating;

K gets respectively 0.4,0.6,0.8,1,1.2,1.4,1.6 totally 7 groups of numerical value, obtains 7 groups of F' data, respectively to 7 standard sample districts fertilisings;

Step 2, set up fertilizing amount-Time To Market calibration curve and ion concentration-growth time calibration curve:

Record 7 standard sample district flowers Time To Markets, take the adjustment factor in standard sample district as X-axis, take Time To Market as Y-axis, take the Time To Market according to standard manuring amount fertilising as Y-axis zero point, set up coordinate system, mark the data point in 7 standard sample districts, and the consecutive number strong point is connected with straight line, obtain concerning broken line, be fertilizing amount-Time To Market calibration curve;

From step 1 to starting after the fertilising of 7 standard sample districts, when going on the market till, take in sky as the unit record growth time;

, respectively to the flowers in 7 standard sample districts, gathered primary ions concentration numerical value every day every one hour, respectively the measured value on 7 standard sample district same day is averaged, and is the ion concentration on the same day;

7 standard sample districts obtain 7 groups of data altogether, and respectively take X-axis as growth time, Y-axis is ion concentration, obtain 7 groups of per day ion concentrations-growth time standard relationship curve;

Step 3, according to Time To Market, determine fertilizing amount:

Treat the flowers in regulation and control irrigated area, establishing the expection Time To Market is T', brings the T' value into fertilizing amount-Time To Market calibration curve, obtains the adjustment factor corresponding with T' in fertilizing amount-Time To Market calibration curve, is designated as X, is shown below:

$X=\left(\frac{X_2-X_1}{T_2-T_1}\right)(T^{\′}-T_1)+X_1---\left(2\right)$

In formula:

X ₁For be positioned at the adjustment factor of the adjacent data point in T' value left side in fertilizing amount-Time To Market calibration curve;

X ₂For be positioned at the adjustment factor of the adjacent data point in T' value right side in fertilizing amount-Time To Market calibration curve;

T ₁For X ₁Corresponding Time To Market; T ₂For X ₂Corresponding Time To Market;

With X value substitution following formula, the fertilizing amount F when obtaining Time To Market and being T' ":

F″＝X·F(3)

Step 4: the expection ion concentration value V that calculates irrigated area to be regulated and controled flowers ₀:

Treat the flowers in regulation and control irrigated area, gathered primary ions concentration numerical value every day every one hour, the measured value on the same day is averaged, and the ion concentration for irrigated area to be regulated and controled flowers on the same day, be designated as V, and remember that the growth time on the same day is T;

7 groups of per day ion concentrations setting up according to step 2-growth time standard relationship curve, the X in selecting step 3 ₁, X ₂Corresponding wherein 2 groups of per day ion concentration-growth time standard relationship curves are standby;

V ₀For the expection ion concentration value of irrigated area to be regulated and controled flowers, V ₀Definite method be:

1) get X ₁Corresponding per day ion concentration-growth time standard relationship curve, search growth time and be

The time corresponding per day ion concentration, be designated as V ₁

2) get X ₂Corresponding per day ion concentration-growth time standard relationship curve, search growth time and be The time corresponding per day ion concentration, be designated as V ₂

3) according to formula

Calculate V ₀, wherein X is calculated and is obtained by step 2;

Step 5, calculate the fertilizing amount F of irrigated area to be regulated and controled flowers _o:

Computing formula is as follows:

$F_o=(1-K^{\′}\×\frac{V-V_0}{V_0}\×100\%)F^{\′\′}---\left(4\right)$

V is the ion concentration of irrigated area to be regulated and controled flowers on the same day,

F " fertilizing amount while for Time To Market, being T', obtain according to formula (3),

When

The time, the K' value gets 1.1; When

The time, K' gets 0.9, otherwise the K' value gets 1;

According to the fertilizing amount F that calculates irrigated area the to be regulated and controled flowers that obtain _oApply fertilizer, complete regulation and control.

Images