WO2016074577A1

WO2016074577A1 - Method for guiding fertilization by detecting nutritional status of crop leaves

Info

Publication number: WO2016074577A1
Application number: PCT/CN2015/093672
Authority: WO
Inventors: 李振才; 艾冬冬; 杨保永; 马海智
Original assignee: 沈阳远大智能农业有限公司
Priority date: 2014-11-13
Filing date: 2015-11-03
Publication date: 2016-05-19
Also published as: CN104429264A; CN104429264B

Abstract

A method for guiding fertilization by detecting the nutritional status of crop leaves involves guiding fertilization by detecting the nutritional status of the crop leaves. The method measures the nutrient elements contained in the crop leaves, draws the variation trend of the nutrient ingredient contained in the leaves, and implements accurate fertilization by adjusting the EC set value of a rhizosphere EC sensor according to the variation trend.

Description

Method for guiding fertilization by detecting the nutritional status of crop leaves

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of fertilizer regulation, in particular to a method for guiding fertilization by detecting the nutritional status of crop leaves.

Background technique

Previous fertilization techniques relied on experience, randomness, and inaccuracy. The Chinese invention patent (publication number CN102119602A) provides a method for measuring soil fertility in corn, which calculates the amount of fertilizer applied by soil nutrient detection. The disadvantage is that the soil nutrient detection is not as good as the crop leaf detection, which reflects the nutrient demand of the crop, and also needs to apply the base fertilizer, waste labor, and also needs calculation, which is troublesome.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for guiding fertilization by detecting the nutritional status of crop leaves, and to guide fertilization by detecting the nutritional status of crop leaves to achieve high yield and labor saving fertilization.

The technical solution of the present invention is:

A method of guiding fertilization by detecting the nutritional status of crop leaves, comprising the following steps:

1) Detection of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in crop leaves

1 sampling: sampling starts 25 to 40 days after the crop is planted, and then samples every 15 to 25 days, and are taken at various parts of the field;

2 Detection: drying the leaf samples, pre-treatment, the leaves were de-cooked with sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide, the whole nitrogen of the leaves was determined by Kjeldahl semi-micro nitrogen method, and the total phosphorus of the leaves was determined by vanadium molybdenum yellow colorimetric method. The total potassium of the leaves was measured by a flame photometer method, and then the test value was obtained;

2) Draw the curve of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in crop leaves: according to the test values of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in each leaf, plot the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium of crop leaves in each period. Curve;

3) According to the curve of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium of the crop leaves, adjust the fertilization by adjusting the EC setting value of the crop rhizosphere EC sensor.

The method for guiding fertilization by detecting the nutritional status of the crop leaves, taking the middle leaves of the crop, the sampling position of each plant should be consistent.

The method for guiding fertilization by detecting the nutritional status of the crop leaves, adjusting the fertilization by adjusting the EC setting value of the crop rhizosphere EC sensor, and the closer the value of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is, the smaller the change is. Explain that the set EC value is just right, the better the effect of fertilization, the specific measures are as follows:

First, set an EC value based on past experience;

When the value of a certain measurement is 30% lower than the previous time, it indicates that the EC setting value of the EC sensor of the rhizosphere is low, and the EC setting value is increased;

When the value measured at one time is 30% higher than the previous time, it indicates that the EC setting value of the EC sensor at the rhizosphere is too high, and the EC setting value is lowered.

The method for guiding fertilization by detecting the nutritional status of crop leaves, according to the EC setting value of the rhizosphere EC sensor, accurately controlling the amount of fertilizer application through the intelligent water and fertilizer integrated fertilization system.

The method for guiding fertilization by detecting the nutritional status of the crop leaves, and the EC sensor feedback back to the rhizosphere EC value is smaller than the EC setting value of the sensor, then the fertilization is started, and the set EC value is stopped; thus repeated, accurate quantification is achieved. Fertilization.

The method for guiding fertilization by detecting the nutritional status of crop leaves, the changes of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium content in the crop are inconsistent, indicating that the fertilizer of the ratio of NPK is not suitable, and the fertilizer is replaced; Reduce the content and increase the content with low content.

The design idea of the invention is:

The invention guides the fertilization by detecting the nutritional status of the crop leaves, and determines the change trend of each nutrient component in the leaves by measuring the nutrient elements of the crop leaves, and adjusts the EC setting value of the rhizosphere EC sensor according to the change trend to perform the precision. Fertilization. The EC value measured by the sensor is the measured EC value after pouring the water and fertilizer. To some extent, adjusting the EC value is to adjust the concentration of the fertilizer. The nutrient content of the leaves reflects the nutritional status of the plants, and has a certain relationship with the concentration of the fertilizer. Therefore, the content of nutrients in the leaves can reflect whether the setting of the EC value is reasonable, and nutrition is insufficient to give him nutrition.

The advantages and benefits of the present invention are:

1. The invention adopts the detection of the nutritional status of the crop leaves, analyzes the curve change, and precisely controls the fertilization amount by adjusting the EC setting value of the rhizosphere EC sensor through the intelligent water and fertilizer integrated fertilization system. This method does not need to apply the base fertilizer, and directly controls the fertilization through the intelligent water and fertilizer integrated fertilization system, eliminating the steps of applying the base fertilizer and the top dressing, saving labor and significantly increasing the yield.

DRAWINGS

Fig. 1(a)-(c) are the curves of the contents of NPK elements in maize leaves under different fertilization schemes. Among them, Fig. 1(a) shows the change curve of total nitrogen in corn leaves, Fig. 1(b) curve of total phosphorus in corn leaves, and Fig. 1(c) curves of total potassium in corn leaves.

Figure 2 shows the effect of four different fertilization schemes on maize yield (kg/mu).

Fig. 3(a)-(c) are the curves of the contents of NPK elements in tomato leaves under different fertilization schemes. Among them, Fig. 3(a) shows the change curve of total nitrogen in tomato leaves, Fig. 3(b) curve of total phosphorus in tomato leaves, and Fig. 3(c) curves of total potassium in tomato leaves.

Figure 4 shows the effect of two different fertilization schemes on tomato yield (kg/mu).

detailed description

In a specific embodiment, the invention directs a method of fertilization by detecting the nutritional status of a crop leaf, comprising the steps of:

1) Detection of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in crop leaves

1 Sampling: Sampling starts 25 to 40 days after planting, and samples are taken every 15 to 25 days later, but it needs to be taken at all parts of the field. It is preferred to take the middle leaves of the crop, and the sampling position of each plant should be consistent.

2 Detection: drying the leaf samples, pre-treatment, the leaves were de-cooked with sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide, the whole nitrogen of the leaves was determined by Kjeldahl semi-micro nitrogen method, and the total phosphorus of the leaves was determined by vanadium molybdenum yellow colorimetric method. The total potassium of the leaves was measured by a flame photometer and the test values were obtained.

2) Draw the curve of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in crop leaves: according to the test values of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in each leaf, plot the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium of crop leaves in each period. Curve.

3) According to the curve of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium of the crop leaves, adjust the fertilization by adjusting the EC setting value of the crop rhizosphere EC sensor. The specific measures are as follows:

In general, the closer the values of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are, the smaller the change is, indicating that the set EC value is just right and the effect of fertilization is better. First, set an EC value based on past experience. When the value of a certain measurement is 30% lower than the previous time, it means that the EC setting value of the EC sensor of the rhizosphere is low, the EC setting value needs to be increased; when the value is measured once more than the last time When the height is 30% or more, it means that the EC setting value of the EC sensor in the rhizosphere is too high, and the EC setting value needs to be lowered. Through the intelligent water and fertilizer integrated fertilization system (such as: the water and fertilizer integrated intelligent fertilization system of Shenyang Yuanda Technology Park Co., Ltd.), the fertilization amount is precisely controlled according to the EC setting value of the rhizosphere EC sensor. Once the sensor feedback back to the root EC value is less than the EC setting of the sensor, the fertilization begins and stops when the set EC value is reached. Repeatedly, accurate quantitative fertilization can be achieved. If the changes in the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium content of the crop are inconsistent, indicating that the fertilizer for the NPK ratio is not suitable, the fertilizer needs to be replaced. High content needs to be reduced The amount, the low content, needs to increase the content.

Related terms are explained as follows: EC (Electrical Conductivity) in EC sensors is the conductivity, EC value can be used to measure the soluble ion concentration in the crop rhizosphere. The unit of EC value is mS/cm, the measurement temperature is usually 25 ° C, and the normal EC value ranges from 1 to 4 mS/cm.

The invention is further described in detail below by means of examples and the accompanying drawings.

Example 1:

The test variety of this embodiment is corn Demeiya No. 3, and the fertilizers used are: 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 19-19-19 compound fertilizer and 19-8-27 compound fertilizer. Among them, the compound fertilizer can adopt the full-water-soluble fertilizer of Christmas tree of Beijing Futsen Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., and the product models are 15-15-15 compound fertilizers respectively (15 wt% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fertilizers, total effective nutrient) 45wt%), 19-19-19 compound fertilizer (19wt% nitrogen and phosphorus in fertilizer, total effective nutrient 57wt%) and 19-8-27 compound fertilizer (19wt% nitrogen in fertilizer, 8wt% phosphorus, potassium) 27 wt%, total effective nutrient is 54 wt%).

The fertilization scheme of this embodiment is as follows:

The experiment of the invention was carried out at the Zhangwu planting base, and the Zhangwu area was desertified land. There were 4 fertilization schemes in the experiment, and each scheme was repeated 3 times. The specific fertilization scheme is as follows:

Fertilization program A: At the beginning of June, the application of the base fertilizer compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 40kg/mu, 30kg urea in the jointing stage and the filling stage.

Fertilization program B: At the beginning of June, the application of the base fertilizer compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 40kg/mu, 15kg urea and 5kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the jointing stage and the filling stage.

Fertilization program C: At the beginning of June, the base fertilizer compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 40kg/mu, and the 8kg compound fertilizer (19-8-27) was applied with drip irrigation every seven days at the jointing stage, and the application was carried out 6 times.

Fertilization plan D: no base fertilizer, compound fertilizer (19-19-19) at seedling stage, compound fertilizer (19-8-27) after jointing stage, adjust roots through intelligent water and fertilizer integrated fertilization system according to the curve of corn leaf measurement results The EC setting of the EC sensor to precisely control the amount of fertilizer applied.

The nutrient element curve of corn leaves in four different fertilization schemes of Examples A, B, C and D in this example and the process of guiding fertilization are as follows:

1. Drawing the trend curve of various nutrient elements in corn leaves

The NPK content in the leaves can reflect the nutritional status of the crop, and the fertilization can be guided in production according to the nutritional diagnosis of the crop leaves. The content of NPK in each period was measured and the curve was drawn. The curve is shown in Figure 1.

As shown in Fig. 1(a), the whole nitrogen variation curve of corn leaves, as shown in the figure, the overall trend is decreased, and the curve of fertilization scheme D has the smallest change, that is, by adjusting the EC setting value of the rhizosphere EC sensor, using intelligence The curve of water and fertilizer integrated fertilization system has the smallest change.

As shown in Fig. 1(b), the curve of total phosphorus in corn leaves, as shown in the figure, shows that the curve of total phosphorus is relatively stable, and the curve of fertilization scheme D is the smallest.

As shown in Fig. 1(c), the total potassium change curve of corn leaves, as shown in the figure, the change of total potassium in corn leaves is larger than that of total nitrogen and total phosphorus, and the decreasing trend is obvious. This is also the compound fertilizer (19- The cause of 8-27), and also the curve change of fertilization program D is the smallest.

2. Survey the yield changes of four different fertilization methods A, B, C and D

The process of obtaining the fertilization scheme D is as follows: First, the EC value of the sensor is set to 3 based on past experience. When the value of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a certain measurement is 30% lower than the previous time, it means that the EC setting value of the EC sensor in the rhizosphere is low, then the EC setting value needs to be increased; The value of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in one measurement is 30% higher than the previous one. If the EC setting of the EC sensor in the rhizosphere is too high, the EC setting value needs to be lowered. After the EC setting value is adjusted, the fertilization amount is precisely controlled according to the EC setting value of the rhizosphere EC sensor through the intelligent water and fertilizer integrated fertilization system. Once the sensor detects that the rhizosphere EC value is less than the EC setting value of the sensor, then the fertilization is started, and when the rhizosphere EC value is detected to reach the EC value set by the sensor, the fertilization is stopped. Repeatedly, accurate quantitative fertilization can be achieved. If the changes in the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium content of the crop are inconsistent, indicating that the fertilizer for the NPK ratio is not suitable, the fertilizer needs to be replaced. A high content requires a reduction in the content, and a low content requires an increase in the content. In the final fertilization program D, 23 kg of compound fertilizer (19-19-19) was used at the seedling stage, and 57 kg of compound fertilizer (19-8-27) was used after the jointing stage.

As shown in Figure 2, the yield of the four fertilization methods can be seen from the figure. Fertilization mode D is to detect the nutritional status of corn leaves, adjust the EC setting value of rhizosphere EC sensor, and fertilize with intelligent water and fertilizer integrated fertilization system. The yield of the mode has increased significantly.

Example 2

The test variety of this embodiment is Dolly Garden of Liaoyuan, and the fertilizers used are: 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 19-19-19 compound fertilizer and 19-8-27 compound fertilizer. Among them, the compound fertilizer can adopt the full-water-soluble fertilizer of Christmas tree of Beijing Futsen Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., and the product models are 15-15-15 compound fertilizers respectively (15 wt% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fertilizers, total effective nutrient) 45wt%), 19-19-19 compound fertilizer (19wt% nitrogen and phosphorus in fertilizer, total effective nutrient 57wt%) and 19-8-27 compound fertilizer (19wt% nitrogen in fertilizer, 8wt% phosphorus, potassium) 27 wt%, total effective nutrient is 54 wt%).

The fertilization scheme of this embodiment is as follows:

The experiment of the invention is planted in the cold shed of the Yuanda Demonstration Park, and two fertilization schemes are set up in the experiment, and each scheme is repeated three times. The specific fertilization scheme is as follows:

Fertilization plan A: no base fertilizer, compound fertilizer (19-19-19) in seedling stage, compound fertilizer (19-8-27) after fruit setting period, adjust root according to the curve of tomato leaf measurement result through intelligent water and fertilizer integrated fertilization system The EC setting of the EC sensor to precisely control the amount of fertilizer applied.

Fertilization scheme B: 300kg/mu of chicken manure, 40kg/mu of compound fertilizer (15-15-15), base fertilizer, first topping fruit when walnut size begins to topdress, each ear is topdressed, each time chasing 10kg/mu compound Fertilizer (19-8-27).

The changes of nutrient elements in tomato leaves and the process of guiding fertilization in two different fertilization schemes in this example A and B are as follows:

1. Draw the trend curve of various nutrient elements in tomato leaves

The content of NPK in tomato leaves was determined and the curve was drawn. The curves are shown in Figures 3(a)-(c).

As shown in Fig. 3(a), (b) and (c), the changes of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in tomato leaves can be seen from the figure. The overall trend is that the curve of fertilization scheme A has the smallest change, that is, Adjust the EC setting value of the rhizosphere EC sensor and use the curve of the intelligent water and fertilizer integrated fertilization system.

The process of obtaining the fertilization scheme A is as follows: First, the EC value of the sensor is set to 2 based on past experience. When the value of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a certain measurement is 30% lower than the previous time, it means that the EC setting value of the EC sensor in the rhizosphere is low, then the EC setting value needs to be increased; The value of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in one measurement is 30% higher than the previous one. If the EC setting of the EC sensor in the rhizosphere is too high, the EC setting value needs to be lowered. After the EC setting value is adjusted, the fertilization amount is precisely controlled according to the EC setting value of the rhizosphere EC sensor through the intelligent water and fertilizer integrated fertilization system. Once the sensor detects that the rhizosphere EC value is less than the EC setting value of the sensor, the fertilization is started, and when the rhizosphere EC reaches the EC value set by the sensor, the fertilization is stopped. Repeatedly, accurate quantitative fertilization can be achieved. If the changes in the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium content of the crop are inconsistent, indicating that the fertilizer for the NPK ratio is not suitable, the fertilizer needs to be replaced. A high content requires a reduction in the content, and a low content requires an increase in the content. In the finally obtained fertilization scheme A, 25 kg of compound fertilizer (19-19-19) was used in the seedling stage, and 65 kg of compound fertilizer (19-8-27) was used after the fruit setting period.

2. Investigate the yield changes of two different fertilization methods A and B

Figure 4 shows the yield of the two fertilization methods. It can be seen from the figure that the fertilization method A measures the nutritional status of the tomato leaves, adjusts the EC setting value of the rhizosphere EC sensor, and uses the integrated application of intelligent water and fertilizer. The yield of fertilization methods for fertilizer systems has increased significantly.

The results of the examples show that the present invention can perform precise fertilization by measuring the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the leaves, and adjusting the EC value around the rhizosphere according to the change trend, which is high in yield and labor saving.

Claims

A method for guiding fertilization by detecting nutritional status of crop leaves, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

1) Detection of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in crop leaves

1 sampling: sampling starts 25 to 40 days after the crop is planted, and then samples every 15 to 25 days, and are taken at various parts of the field;

2 Detection: drying the leaf samples, pre-treatment, the leaves were de-cooked with sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide, the whole nitrogen of the leaves was determined by Kjeldahl semi-micro nitrogen method, and the total phosphorus of the leaves was determined by vanadium molybdenum yellow colorimetric method. The total potassium of the leaves was measured by a flame photometer method, and then the test value was obtained;

2) Draw the curve of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in crop leaves: according to the test values of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in each leaf, plot the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium of crop leaves in each period. Curve;

3) According to the curve of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium of the crop leaves, adjust the fertilization by adjusting the EC setting value of the crop rhizosphere EC sensor.
A method for guiding fertilization by detecting a nutritional condition of a crop leaf according to claim 1, wherein the middle leaf of the crop is taken, and the sampling position of each plant is uniform.
A method for guiding fertilization by detecting a nutritional condition of a crop leaf according to claim 1, wherein the fertilization is adjusted by adjusting an EC setting value of the crop rhizosphere EC sensor, and each time the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents are measured. The closer the value is, the smaller the change is, indicating that the set EC value is just right, and the effect of fertilization is better. The specific measures are as follows:

First, set an EC value based on past experience;

When the value of a certain measurement is 30% lower than the previous time, it indicates that the EC setting value of the EC sensor of the rhizosphere is low, and the EC setting value is increased;

When the value measured at one time is 30% higher than the previous time, it indicates that the EC setting value of the EC sensor at the rhizosphere is too high, and the EC setting value is lowered.
A method for guiding fertilization by detecting a nutritional condition of a crop blade according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the fertilization amount is precisely controlled by the intelligent water and fertilizer integrated fertilization system according to the EC setting value of the rhizosphere EC sensor.
A method for guiding fertilization by detecting a nutritional condition of a crop leaf according to claim 4, The method is characterized in that the EC sensor feedback back to the root EC value is smaller than the EC setting value of the sensor, then the fertilizer is started, and the set EC value is stopped; thus repeated, accurate quantitative fertilization is realized.
The method for guiding fertilization by detecting the nutritional status of crop leaves according to claim 1, wherein the changes in the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium contents of the crop are inconsistent, indicating that the fertilizer of the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is inappropriate. , then replace the fertilizer; the content is high, the content is low, and the content is low.