WO2016074577A1 - Procédé de conseil de fertilisation en détectant l'état nutritionnel de feuilles de récolte - Google Patents

Procédé de conseil de fertilisation en détectant l'état nutritionnel de feuilles de récolte Download PDF

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WO2016074577A1
WO2016074577A1 PCT/CN2015/093672 CN2015093672W WO2016074577A1 WO 2016074577 A1 WO2016074577 A1 WO 2016074577A1 CN 2015093672 W CN2015093672 W CN 2015093672W WO 2016074577 A1 WO2016074577 A1 WO 2016074577A1
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fertilization
crop
total
leaves
value
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PCT/CN2015/093672
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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李振才
艾冬冬
杨保永
马海智
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沈阳远大智能农业有限公司
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting

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  • the invention relates to the field of fertilizer regulation, in particular to a method for guiding fertilization by detecting the nutritional status of crop leaves.
  • the Chinese invention patent (publication number CN102119602A) provides a method for measuring soil fertility in corn, which calculates the amount of fertilizer applied by soil nutrient detection.
  • the disadvantage is that the soil nutrient detection is not as good as the crop leaf detection, which reflects the nutrient demand of the crop, and also needs to apply the base fertilizer, waste labor, and also needs calculation, which is troublesome.
  • a method of guiding fertilization by detecting the nutritional status of crop leaves comprising the following steps:
  • sampling starts 25 to 40 days after the crop is planted, and then samples every 15 to 25 days, and are taken at various parts of the field;
  • the method for guiding fertilization by detecting the nutritional status of the crop leaves, taking the middle leaves of the crop, the sampling position of each plant should be consistent.
  • the value measured at one time is 30% higher than the previous time, it indicates that the EC setting value of the EC sensor at the rhizosphere is too high, and the EC setting value is lowered.
  • the method for guiding fertilization by detecting the nutritional status of the crop leaves, and the EC sensor feedback back to the rhizosphere EC value is smaller than the EC setting value of the sensor, then the fertilization is started, and the set EC value is stopped; thus repeated, accurate quantification is achieved. Fertilization.
  • the invention guides the fertilization by detecting the nutritional status of the crop leaves, and determines the change trend of each nutrient component in the leaves by measuring the nutrient elements of the crop leaves, and adjusts the EC setting value of the rhizosphere EC sensor according to the change trend to perform the precision. Fertilization.
  • the EC value measured by the sensor is the measured EC value after pouring the water and fertilizer.
  • adjusting the EC value is to adjust the concentration of the fertilizer.
  • the nutrient content of the leaves reflects the nutritional status of the plants, and has a certain relationship with the concentration of the fertilizer. Therefore, the content of nutrients in the leaves can reflect whether the setting of the EC value is reasonable, and nutrition is insufficient to give him nutrition.
  • the invention adopts the detection of the nutritional status of the crop leaves, analyzes the curve change, and precisely controls the fertilization amount by adjusting the EC setting value of the rhizosphere EC sensor through the intelligent water and fertilizer integrated fertilization system. This method does not need to apply the base fertilizer, and directly controls the fertilization through the intelligent water and fertilizer integrated fertilization system, eliminating the steps of applying the base fertilizer and the top dressing, saving labor and significantly increasing the yield.
  • Fig. 1(a)-(c) are the curves of the contents of NPK elements in maize leaves under different fertilization schemes. Among them, Fig. 1(a) shows the change curve of total nitrogen in corn leaves, Fig. 1(b) curve of total phosphorus in corn leaves, and Fig. 1(c) curves of total potassium in corn leaves.
  • Figure 2 shows the effect of four different fertilization schemes on maize yield (kg/mu).
  • Fig. 3(a)-(c) are the curves of the contents of NPK elements in tomato leaves under different fertilization schemes. Among them, Fig. 3(a) shows the change curve of total nitrogen in tomato leaves, Fig. 3(b) curve of total phosphorus in tomato leaves, and Fig. 3(c) curves of total potassium in tomato leaves.
  • FIG 4 shows the effect of two different fertilization schemes on tomato yield (kg/mu).
  • the invention directs a method of fertilization by detecting the nutritional status of a crop leaf, comprising the steps of:
  • Sampling starts 25 to 40 days after planting, and samples are taken every 15 to 25 days later, but it needs to be taken at all parts of the field. It is preferred to take the middle leaves of the crop, and the sampling position of each plant should be consistent.
  • the fertilization amount is precisely controlled according to the EC setting value of the rhizosphere EC sensor. Once the sensor feedback back to the root EC value is less than the EC setting of the sensor, the fertilization begins and stops when the set EC value is reached. Repeatedly, accurate quantitative fertilization can be achieved. If the changes in the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium content of the crop are inconsistent, indicating that the fertilizer for the NPK ratio is not suitable, the fertilizer needs to be replaced. High content needs to be reduced The amount, the low content, needs to increase the content.
  • EC Electroconductive Conductivity
  • EC value can be used to measure the soluble ion concentration in the crop rhizosphere.
  • the unit of EC value is mS/cm, the measurement temperature is usually 25 ° C, and the normal EC value ranges from 1 to 4 mS/cm.
  • the test variety of this embodiment is corn Demeiya No. 3, and the fertilizers used are: 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 19-19-19 compound fertilizer and 19-8-27 compound fertilizer.
  • the compound fertilizer can adopt the full-water-soluble fertilizer of Christmas tree of Beijing Futsen Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd.
  • the product models are 15-15-15 compound fertilizers respectively (15 wt% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fertilizers, total effective nutrient) 45wt%), 19-19-19 compound fertilizer (19wt% nitrogen and phosphorus in fertilizer, total effective nutrient 57wt%) and 19-8-27 compound fertilizer (19wt% nitrogen in fertilizer, 8wt% phosphorus, potassium) 27 wt%, total effective nutrient is 54 wt%).
  • the experiment of the invention was carried out at the Zhangwu planting base, and the Zhangwu area was desertified land. There were 4 fertilization schemes in the experiment, and each scheme was repeated 3 times.
  • the specific fertilization scheme is as follows:
  • Fertilization program A At the beginning of June, the application of the base fertilizer compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 40kg/mu, 30kg urea in the jointing stage and the filling stage.
  • Fertilization program B At the beginning of June, the application of the base fertilizer compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 40kg/mu, 15kg urea and 5kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the jointing stage and the filling stage.
  • Fertilization program C At the beginning of June, the base fertilizer compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 40kg/mu, and the 8kg compound fertilizer (19-8-27) was applied with drip irrigation every seven days at the jointing stage, and the application was carried out 6 times.
  • Fertilization plan D no base fertilizer, compound fertilizer (19-19-19) at seedling stage, compound fertilizer (19-8-27) after jointing stage, adjust roots through intelligent water and fertilizer integrated fertilization system according to the curve of corn leaf measurement results
  • the EC setting of the EC sensor to precisely control the amount of fertilizer applied.
  • the NPK content in the leaves can reflect the nutritional status of the crop, and the fertilization can be guided in production according to the nutritional diagnosis of the crop leaves.
  • the content of NPK in each period was measured and the curve was drawn. The curve is shown in Figure 1.
  • the whole nitrogen variation curve of corn leaves As shown in Fig. 1(a), the whole nitrogen variation curve of corn leaves, as shown in the figure, the overall trend is decreased, and the curve of fertilization scheme D has the smallest change, that is, by adjusting the EC setting value of the rhizosphere EC sensor, using intelligence
  • the curve of water and fertilizer integrated fertilization system has the smallest change.
  • the curve of total phosphorus in corn leaves shows that the curve of total phosphorus is relatively stable, and the curve of fertilization scheme D is the smallest.
  • the total potassium change curve of corn leaves As shown in Fig. 1(c), the total potassium change curve of corn leaves, as shown in the figure, the change of total potassium in corn leaves is larger than that of total nitrogen and total phosphorus, and the decreasing trend is obvious. This is also the compound fertilizer (19- The cause of 8-27), and also the curve change of fertilization program D is the smallest.
  • the process of obtaining the fertilization scheme D is as follows: First, the EC value of the sensor is set to 3 based on past experience. When the value of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a certain measurement is 30% lower than the previous time, it means that the EC setting value of the EC sensor in the rhizosphere is low, then the EC setting value needs to be increased; The value of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in one measurement is 30% higher than the previous one. If the EC setting of the EC sensor in the rhizosphere is too high, the EC setting value needs to be lowered. After the EC setting value is adjusted, the fertilization amount is precisely controlled according to the EC setting value of the rhizosphere EC sensor through the intelligent water and fertilizer integrated fertilization system.
  • the fertilization is started, and when the rhizosphere EC value is detected to reach the EC value set by the sensor, the fertilization is stopped. Repeatedly, accurate quantitative fertilization can be achieved. If the changes in the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium content of the crop are inconsistent, indicating that the fertilizer for the NPK ratio is not suitable, the fertilizer needs to be replaced. A high content requires a reduction in the content, and a low content requires an increase in the content. In the final fertilization program D, 23 kg of compound fertilizer (19-19-19) was used at the seedling stage, and 57 kg of compound fertilizer (19-8-27) was used after the jointing stage.
  • Fertilization mode D is to detect the nutritional status of corn leaves, adjust the EC setting value of rhizosphere EC sensor, and fertilize with intelligent water and fertilizer integrated fertilization system. The yield of the mode has increased significantly.
  • the test variety of this embodiment is Dolly Garden of Liaoyuan
  • the fertilizers used are: 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 19-19-19 compound fertilizer and 19-8-27 compound fertilizer.
  • the compound fertilizer can adopt the full-water-soluble fertilizer of Christmas tree of Beijing Futsen Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd.
  • the product models are 15-15-15 compound fertilizers respectively (15 wt% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fertilizers, total effective nutrient) 45wt%), 19-19-19 compound fertilizer (19wt% nitrogen and phosphorus in fertilizer, total effective nutrient 57wt%) and 19-8-27 compound fertilizer (19wt% nitrogen in fertilizer, 8wt% phosphorus, potassium) 27 wt%, total effective nutrient is 54 wt%).
  • the experiment of the invention is planted in the cold shed of the Yuanda Demonstration Park, and two fertilization schemes are set up in the experiment, and each scheme is repeated three times.
  • the specific fertilization scheme is as follows:
  • Fertilization plan A no base fertilizer, compound fertilizer (19-19-19) in seedling stage, compound fertilizer (19-8-27) after fruit setting period, adjust root according to the curve of tomato leaf measurement result through intelligent water and fertilizer integrated fertilization system
  • the EC setting of the EC sensor to precisely control the amount of fertilizer applied.
  • Fertilization scheme B 300kg/mu of chicken manure, 40kg/mu of compound fertilizer (15-15-15), base fertilizer, first topping fruit when walnut size begins to topdress, each ear is topdressed, each time chasing 10kg/mu compound Fertilizer (19-8-27).
  • the process of obtaining the fertilization scheme A is as follows: First, the EC value of the sensor is set to 2 based on past experience. When the value of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a certain measurement is 30% lower than the previous time, it means that the EC setting value of the EC sensor in the rhizosphere is low, then the EC setting value needs to be increased; The value of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in one measurement is 30% higher than the previous one. If the EC setting of the EC sensor in the rhizosphere is too high, the EC setting value needs to be lowered. After the EC setting value is adjusted, the fertilization amount is precisely controlled according to the EC setting value of the rhizosphere EC sensor through the intelligent water and fertilizer integrated fertilization system.
  • the fertilization is started, and when the rhizosphere EC reaches the EC value set by the sensor, the fertilization is stopped. Repeatedly, accurate quantitative fertilization can be achieved. If the changes in the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium content of the crop are inconsistent, indicating that the fertilizer for the NPK ratio is not suitable, the fertilizer needs to be replaced. A high content requires a reduction in the content, and a low content requires an increase in the content. In the finally obtained fertilization scheme A, 25 kg of compound fertilizer (19-19-19) was used in the seedling stage, and 65 kg of compound fertilizer (19-8-27) was used after the fruit setting period.
  • Figure 4 shows the yield of the two fertilization methods. It can be seen from the figure that the fertilization method A measures the nutritional status of the tomato leaves, adjusts the EC setting value of the rhizosphere EC sensor, and uses the integrated application of intelligent water and fertilizer. The yield of fertilization methods for fertilizer systems has increased significantly.
  • the results of the examples show that the present invention can perform precise fertilization by measuring the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the leaves, and adjusting the EC value around the rhizosphere according to the change trend, which is high in yield and labor saving.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizing (AREA)
  • Hydroponics (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, un procédé de conseil de fertilisation en détectant l'état nutritionnel de feuilles de récolte consiste à donner des conseils de fertilisation en détectant l'état nutritionnel des feuilles de récolte. Le procédé mesure les éléments nutritifs contenus dans les feuilles de récolte, trace la tendance de variation de l'ingrédient nutritif contenu dans les feuilles, et met en œuvre une fertilisation précise par réglage de la valeur de consigne d'EC d'un capteur d'EC de rhizosphère selon la tendance de variation.
PCT/CN2015/093672 2014-11-13 2015-11-03 Procédé de conseil de fertilisation en détectant l'état nutritionnel de feuilles de récolte WO2016074577A1 (fr)

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CN104429264B (zh) * 2014-11-13 2016-07-27 沈阳远大科技园有限公司 通过检测作物叶片的营养状况来指导施肥的方法
CN106576547A (zh) * 2016-12-09 2017-04-26 江苏大学 一种基于温室番茄叶片长度的营养液管理技术
EP3679776A1 (fr) * 2019-01-11 2020-07-15 GE Aviation Systems Limited Procédé de collecte de données du sol par l'intermédiaire d'un aéronef sans pilote (uav)
CN109738596B (zh) * 2019-03-08 2021-07-06 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 一种诊断番茄钙素营养状况的方法
CN110367020A (zh) * 2019-08-07 2019-10-25 广东省林业科学研究院 一种红锥苗期的养分施用方法
CN114246043B (zh) * 2022-01-04 2023-01-31 史丹利农业集团股份有限公司 基于土壤和植物检测的番茄施肥校正方法及装置

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