CN114073187B - Accurate water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method for blueberry with fertilizer saving and quality improvement functions - Google Patents

Accurate water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method for blueberry with fertilizer saving and quality improvement functions Download PDF

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CN114073187B
CN114073187B CN202111370611.1A CN202111370611A CN114073187B CN 114073187 B CN114073187 B CN 114073187B CN 202111370611 A CN202111370611 A CN 202111370611A CN 114073187 B CN114073187 B CN 114073187B
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CN114073187A (en
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吴争光
吴光星
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Camce Wuda Design Group Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract

The invention relates to a blueberry accurate water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method capable of saving fertilizer and improving quality, which comprises the following steps: measuring soil nutrients of the blueberry garden, and determining the annual total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization of the blueberries according to the measurement result; determining growth stages according to the growth and development rules of the blueberries, wherein the growth stages are a germination stage, a flower promoting stage, a fruit setting stage, a fruit swelling stage and a sun returning stage; determining the proportion and the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in each growth stage according to the requirement characteristics of blueberries for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in each growth stage; determining the fertilization time, dilution times and fertilization times under the condition that the application amount of each growth stage is unchanged according to the soil moisture content and by combining with the climate forecast of the corresponding growth stage; and leading the fertilizer into the water and fertilizer integrated system according to the determined fertilization time, dilution times and fertilization times, and performing fertilization management according to a plan. The proportion and the amount of the fertilizer in each stage are determined according to different growth stages of the blueberries, so that the fertilizer is more accurately used, the fertilizer loss is reduced, and the yield reduction or death of the blueberries caused by insufficient or excessive fertilization is prevented.

Description

Accurate water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method for blueberry with fertilizer saving and quality improvement functions
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to a blueberry accurate water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method capable of saving fertilizer and improving quality.
Background
Blueberries, also known as blueberries and huckleberries, are small berry fruit trees of the shrub genus of the Vaccinium genus (Vaccinium Sp.) of the Ericaceae family (Ericaceae). The blueberry industry is rapidly developed in recent years, and the planting area of the blueberries in China is increased to 60250hm by 2019 2 Production increased from 4109 tons in 2011 to 211855 tons in 2019.
The blueberry belongs to oligotrophic plants, and the good fertilizing mode can not only improve the yield and promote the growth of plants, but also can improve the quality of the blueberry. The water and fertilizer integration is an important agricultural technical measure for tightly combining irrigation and fertilization to realize water and fertilizer coupling, and the water and fertilizer integration is characterized in that the applied fertilizer is applied along with irrigation water according to the water and fertilizer requirement rule of crops, so that nutrients are directly acted on the roots of the crops, the absorption of the roots on the nutrients is promoted, the utilization rate of the water and fertilizer is improved, the harm of soil hardening and salinization is reduced, and the labor force is saved.
In the blueberry production field of China, especially for medium and small planters, due to various reasons such as technology and the like, the blueberry management mostly adopts extensive type management of poor fruit yield and quality, but at present, a common blueberry fertilization mode is to apply base fertilizer before freezing of autumn soil and perform topdressing according to growth conditions, and because the blueberry is small in fertilizer requirement, the blueberry yield and quality can be influenced due to low fertilization precision.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a blueberry precise water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method for saving fertilizer and improving quality so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a precise blueberry water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method capable of saving fertilizer and improving quality comprises the following steps:
s100, determining soil nutrients of the blueberry garden, and determining the annual total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization of the blueberries according to the determination result;
s200, determining growth stages according to the growth and development rules of the blueberries, wherein the growth stages are a germination stage, a flower promoting stage, a fruit setting stage, a fruit swelling stage and a sun returning stage respectively;
s300, determining the proportion and the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in each growth stage according to the requirement characteristics of the blueberries for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in each growth stage;
s400, determining fertilization time, dilution times and fertilization times under the condition that the application amount of each growth stage is not changed according to soil moisture and by combining climate prediction of the corresponding growth stage;
and S500, importing the fertilizer into the water and fertilizer integrated system according to the determined fertilization time, dilution times and fertilization times, and performing fertilization management according to a plan.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Furthermore, the total nutrient input of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization all the year around is 5-7 kg/mu of N and P 2 O 5 4-6 kg/mu, K 2 O:6-8 kg/mu.
Further, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer applied in the germination stage is as follows: n is P 2 O 5 :K 2 10, wherein each kilogram of fertilizer consists of 582g of urea, 162g of monoammonium phosphate, 185g of potassium sulfate and 71g of ammonium bicarbonate, the fertilizer amount is 3-5kg, and the dosage of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium accounts for the total content of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium in the fertilizer applied all year roundThe amount is 14-20%.
Further, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer applied in the flower promoting stage is as follows: n is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight, O =15, 10, and the formula is that each kilogram of fertilizer consists of 99g of urea, 405g of monoammonium phosphate, 185g of potassium sulfate and 311g of ammonium bicarbonate, the fertilizer amount is 3-5kg, and the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounts for 14-20% of the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer applied all year round.
Further, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer applied in the fruit setting stage is as follows: n is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight, O =15, and the formula is that each kilogram of fertilizer consists of 115g of urea, 162g of monoammonium phosphate, 463g of potassium sulfate and 260g of ammonium bicarbonate, wherein the fertilizer amount is 3-5kg, and the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounts for 14-20% of the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer applied all year round.
Further, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer applied in the fruit swelling stage is as follows: n is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight of O = 10.
Further, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer applied in the yang returning stage is as follows: n is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The fertilizer comprises, by weight, 260g of urea, 324g of monoammonium phosphate, 185g of potassium sulfate and 231g of ammonium bicarbonate per kilogram of fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer accounts for 7-10kg, and the dosage of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium accounts for 24-30% of the total amount of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium in the fertilizer applied all year round.
Further, after the fertilizer applied in the germination stage is diluted by 200-400 times, the fertilizer is applied for 2-6 times in combination with the weather forecast and the soil moisture content in the germination stage;
after the fertilizer applied in the flower promoting stage is diluted by 200-400 times, the fertilizer is applied for 2-6 times in combination with the weather forecast and the soil moisture content in the stage;
after the fertilizer applied in the fruit setting stage is diluted by 200-400 times, the fertilizer is applied for 2-6 times in combination with the weather forecast and the soil moisture content in the stage;
after the fertilizer applied in the fruit swelling stage is diluted by 200-400 times, the fertilizer is applied for 4-8 times in combination with the weather forecast and the soil moisture content in the stage;
after the fertilizer applied in the stage of returning yang is diluted by 200-400 times, the fertilizer is applied for 4-8 times according to the weather forecast and the soil moisture content in the stage.
Further, the fertilizer is applied in 4.00kg at the sprouting stage, diluted by 400 times and used for 4 times;
the amount of the fertilizer applied in the flower promoting stage is 4.00kg, the dilution multiple is 400 times, and the fertilizer is used for 4 times;
the amount of the fertilizer applied in the fruit setting stage is 4.00kg, the dilution multiple is 400 times, and the fertilizer is used for 4 times;
the fertilizer amount in the fruit swelling stage is 8.00kg, the dilution multiple is 400 times, and the fertilizer is used for 8 times;
the amount of the fertilizer applied in the stage of returning yang is 8.00kg, the dilution multiple is 400 times, and the fertilizer is used for 8 times.
Further, the sprouting stage is the middle of 3 months, the flower promoting stage is the middle of 4 months, the fruit setting stage is the middle and last of 4 months, the fruit swelling stage is 5 months to 7 months, and the maturing stage is 10 months to 12 months.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The nutrient requirement rule of the blueberries in each growth stage is fully considered, the proportion and the dosage of the fertilizer in each stage are determined according to different growth stages of the blueberries, the fertilizer is more accurately used, the fertilizer loss is reduced, and the yield reduction or death of the blueberries caused by lack or excess of fertilizer application is prevented;
2) Fertilizers in each growth stage of the blueberries are applied for multiple times through the water and fertilizer integrated system, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizers is improved, the application amount of the fertilizers is reduced by 20%, and a large amount of labor cost required by conventional fertilization is reduced;
3) By determining parameters such as the optimal dilution times, the fertilization times and the like, the fertilization accuracy is improved.
4) The weight of single blueberry, the content of vitamin C and the content of soluble solid are increased, and the quality of the blueberry is comprehensively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a blueberry accurate water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method with fertilizer saving and quality improvement functions.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a blueberry precise water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method capable of saving fertilizer and improving quality comprises the following steps:
s100, determining soil nutrients of the blueberry garden, analyzing the abundance and supply capacity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of the soil according to the determination result, and determining the total annual fertilization amount of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the blueberries;
s200, determining growth stages according to the growth and development rules of the blueberries, wherein the growth stages are a germination stage, a flower promoting stage, a fruit setting stage, a fruit swelling stage and a sun returning stage respectively;
s300, determining the proportion and the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in each growth stage according to the requirement characteristics of the blueberries for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in each growth stage;
s400, determining fertilization time, dilution times and fertilization times under the condition that the application amount of each growth stage is not changed according to soil moisture and by combining climate prediction of the corresponding growth stage;
and S500, importing the fertilizer into the water and fertilizer integrated system according to the determined fertilization time, dilution times and fertilization times, and performing fertilization management according to a plan.
The water and fertilizer integrated system in the embodiment is the technology described in the patent with the application number 201410137982.9.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment is further optimized based on embodiment 1, and it specifically includes the following steps:
under normal conditions, for a common blueberry garden in the initial stage, the total nutrient input of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization all the year is 5-7 kg/mu of N and P 2 O 5 4-6 kg/mu, K 2 O:6-8 kg/mu.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment is further optimized based on embodiment 2, and it specifically includes the following steps:
the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer applied in the germination stage is as follows: n is P 2 O 5 :K 2 10, wherein each kilogram of fertilizer consists of 582g of urea, 162g of monoammonium phosphate, 185g of potassium sulfate and 71g of ammonium bicarbonate, and the fertilizer amount is 3-5kg, the dosage of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium accounts for 14-20% of the total amount of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium in the fertilizer applied all year round.
The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer applied in the flower promoting stage is as follows: n is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight, O =15, 10, and the formula is that each kilogram of fertilizer consists of 99g of urea, 405g of monoammonium phosphate, 185g of potassium sulfate and 311g of ammonium bicarbonate, the fertilizer amount is 3-5kg, and the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounts for 14-20% of the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer applied all year round.
The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer applied in the fruit setting stage is as follows: n is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight, O =15, and the formula is that each kilogram of fertilizer consists of 115g of urea, 162g of monoammonium phosphate, 463g of potassium sulfate and 260g of ammonium bicarbonate, wherein the fertilizer amount is 3-5kg, and the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounts for 14-20% of the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer applied all year round.
The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer applied in the fruit swelling stage is as follows: n is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight of O = 10.
The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer applied in the yang returning stage is as follows: n is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The fertilizer comprises, by weight, 260g of urea, 324g of monoammonium phosphate, 185g of potassium sulfate and 231g of ammonium bicarbonate per kilogram of fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer accounts for 7-10kg, and the dosage of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium accounts for 24-30% of the total amount of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium in the fertilizer applied all year round.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment is further optimized based on embodiment 3, and it specifically includes the following steps:
after the fertilizer applied in the germination stage is diluted by 200-400 times, the fertilizer is applied for 2-6 times in combination with the weather forecast and the soil moisture content in the germination stage;
after the fertilizer applied in the flower promoting stage is diluted by 200-400 times, the fertilizer is applied for 2-6 times in combination with the weather forecast and the soil moisture content in the stage;
after the fertilizer applied in the fruit setting stage is diluted by 200-400 times, the fertilizer is applied for 2-6 times in combination with the weather forecast and the soil moisture content in the stage;
after the fertilizer applied in the fruit swelling stage is diluted by 200-400 times, the fertilizer is applied for 4-8 times in combination with the weather forecast and the soil moisture content in the stage;
after the fertilizer applied in the stage of returning yang is diluted by 200-400 times, the fertilizer is applied for 4-8 times according to the weather forecast and the soil moisture content in the stage.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment is further optimized based on embodiment 4, and it specifically includes the following steps:
the fertilizer is applied in 4.00kg at the sprouting stage, and the fertilizer is diluted by 400 times and used for 4 times;
the amount of the fertilizer applied in the flower promoting stage is 4.00kg, the dilution multiple is 400 times, and the fertilizer is used for 4 times;
the amount of the fertilizer applied in the fruit setting stage is 4.00kg, the dilution multiple is 400 times, and the fertilizer is used for 4 times;
the fertilizer amount in the fruit swelling stage is 8.00kg, the dilution multiple is 400 times, and the fertilizer is used for 8 times;
the amount of the fertilizer applied in the stage of returning yang is 8.00kg, the dilution multiple is 400 times, and the fertilizer is used for 8 times.
Examples of the applications
1. Analysis of basic physicochemical properties of soil and habitual fertilization investigation
In 2020, soil sampling investigation is carried out on a city and county blueberry plantation base, and the soil is analyzed by referring to 'soil agriculture chemical analysis' (Bolskedan Suo Shui, china agricultural publishing Co., ltd.), and the result shows that the soil for planting the blueberry plantation base has low alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, low available phosphorus, medium available potassium and organic matters (Table 1) and high pH value (blueberry happiness acid, suitable pH value is about 5.5)
TABLE 1 soil nutrient status of House and county blueberry planting base
Figure BDA0003361939870000071
The habitual fertilization scheme of the blueberry base is to apply a ternary compound fertilizer (17-17-17) for 2-3 times in one year, wherein the total nutrient input amount is N and P 2 O 5 、K 2 O6.00 kg each.
2. Fertilization scheme formulation and comparison test
According to the growth and development rule and the stage of fertilizer requirement of blueberries, the blueberry fertilizer application in 5 stages is determined, namely a germination stage, a flower promoting stage, a fruit setting stage, a fruit expanding stage and a sun returning stage, the requirement rule of the blueberry on nutrients in each growth stage is fully considered, the proportion and the amount of the fertilizer in each stage are determined according to the difference of the growth stages of the blueberries, the parameters such as the fertilizer application time, the dilution multiple, the fertilizer application frequency and the like are determined by combining the short-term weather forecast and the soil moisture content in the stage, and the following 4 treatments are designed in an experiment:
treatment 1: according to Comparison (CK), the total fertilization amount is carried out according to the current habit of users, a high-concentration (17-17-17) compound fertilizer is adopted as a water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer, and the technical scheme of the nutrient input amount, the fertilization times, the dilution times and the like per mu is shown in a table 2:
TABLE 2 dosage, fertilization times and dilution factor of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers habitually fertilized
Figure BDA0003361939870000072
Figure BDA0003361939870000081
And (3) treatment 2: optimizing a fertilization scheme I (OPT 1), under the condition that the fertilization amount is reduced by 20% compared with the habit of a user, adjusting the input proportion of NPK elements in each stage, keeping the fertilization times and dilution times unchanged, and optimizing the proportioning treatment of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (OPT 1) for short, wherein the fertilization scheme in each stage is shown in a table 3:
table 3 optimized fertilization scheme I (OPT 1) nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer dosage, fertilization times and dilution factor
Figure BDA0003361939870000082
Figure BDA0003361939870000091
And (3) treatment: optimize fertilization scheme II (OPT 2), on the basis of OPT1, nitrogen phosphorus potassium total amount is unchangeable, increases each stage fertilization number of times, and the dilution multiple remains unchanged, optimizes the ratio of nitrogen phosphorus potassium for short + increases fertilization number of times (OPT 2), and each stage fertilizer application scheme is as shown in Table 4:
table 4 optimized fertilization scheme II (OPT 2) nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer dosage, fertilization times and dilution factor
Figure BDA0003361939870000092
And (4) treatment: optimizing a fertilization scheme III (OPT 3), increasing dilution times on the basis of OPT2, keeping the fertilization times in each stage unchanged, and optimizing the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, increasing the fertilization times and increasing the dilution times (OPT 3) for short, wherein the fertilizer application scheme is shown in a table 5:
TABLE 5 optimized fertilization scheme III (OPT 3) nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer dosage, fertilization times and dilution multiple
Figure BDA0003361939870000093
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Figure BDA0003361939870000101
And (4) implanting the fertilization schemes (treatment 1-treatment 4) into a water and fertilizer integrated system, and carrying out fertilization operation management according to a plan.
3. Sample collection and analysis
The experimenter collects the blueberry fruits and leaves from each treatment in the mature period of 6 months of the blueberries in 2021, and measures indexes such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the leaves and the fruits, vitamin C of the fruits, soluble solids and the like.
4. Analysis of results
Blueberry leaf nitrogen phosphorus potassium content can reflect the nutrition situation of plant to a certain extent, can know according to table 6 result, compare with the contrast, under the condition that chemical fertilizer application amount reduces 20%, through optimizing nitrogen phosphorus potassium ratio and handling (OPT 1), optimize nitrogen phosphorus potassium ratio + increase fertilization number of times (OPT 2), optimize nitrogen phosphorus potassium ratio + increase fertilization number of times + increase measures such as dilution multiple (OPT 3), all do not influence blueberry plant nitrogen phosphorus potassium content, it does not show the influence to reduce the fertilizer input to blueberry leaf nutritive level promptly, can not influence the vegetative growth of blueberry.
TABLE 6 influence of different fertilization modes on NPK content of blueberry leaves
Figure BDA0003361939870000111
Note: the data in the same column are marked with completely different lower case letters to indicate significant difference (P < 0.05), and any data in the same lower case are marked with no significant difference (P > 0.05).
Further analyzing the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the blueberry fruits, the results show that, compared with the control, under the condition that the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced by 20%, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the fruits is improved by three processing modes of optimizing the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium proportion (OPT 1), optimizing the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium proportion + increasing the fertilization frequency (OPT 2) and optimizing the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium proportion + increasing the fertilization frequency + increasing the dilution factor (OPT 3), and the content increase amplitudes are respectively 70.19%, 16.45% and 14.62% (Table 7). In combination with the leaf nitrogen content (table 6) results, increasing the dilution factor of the fertilizer facilitates the transfer of nutrients such as nitrogen and potassium to the fruits, thereby promoting the accumulation of the nutrients in the fruits.
TABLE 7 influence of different fertilization modes on NPK content of blueberry fruit
Figure BDA0003361939870000112
Note: the data in the same column are marked with completely different lower case letters to indicate significant difference (P < 0.05), and any data in the same lower case are marked with no significant difference (P > 0.05).
Compared with the control, the nitrogen carrying-out amount of the blueberry fruits treated by optimizing the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio, increasing the fertilization times and increasing the dilution factor (OPT 3) is obviously increased, while the difference of the nitrogen carrying-out amount of the phosphorus and the potassium of the blueberry fruits treated is not obvious, which shows that the nitrogen absorption of the blueberry in the soil is promoted by increasing the dilution factor of the fertilization (Table 8):
TABLE 8 influence of different fertilization methods on the amount of NPK nutrient carried out by blueberry fruit
Figure BDA0003361939870000121
Note: the data in the same column are marked with completely different lower case letters to indicate significant difference (P < 0.05), and any data in the same lower case are marked with no significant difference (P > 0.05).
Compared with the control, under the condition that the fertilizer consumption is reduced by 20%, the single fruit weight of the blueberry is increased by optimizing the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio treatment (OPT 1), optimizing the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio, increasing the fertilization times and increasing the dilution times (OPT 3), and is increased by 73.45%; both OPT2 and OPT3 treatments increased the soluble blueberry solids by 8.47% and 24.83%, respectively (table 9). On the whole, the single fruit weight, the vitamin C content, the soluble solid content and the water content of the blueberry fruit are obviously increased by optimizing the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio, increasing the fertilization times and increasing the dilution factor (OPT 3), and the quality of the blueberry fruit is comprehensively improved.
TABLE 9 influence of different fertilization methods on blueberry quality
Figure BDA0003361939870000122
Note: the data in the same column are marked with completely different lower case letters to indicate significant difference (P < 0.05), and any data in the same lower case are marked with no significant difference (P > 0.05).
In conclusion, compared with the traditional compound fertilizer using nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for balance, the absorption and the transfer of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to fruits can be promoted by optimizing the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, increasing the fertilization times, increasing the dilution times and the like, so that the quality of the fruits is improved. On the whole, the fertilizer saving and quality improving effects are obviously best through optimizing nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio, increasing fertilization times and increasing dilution multiple treatment (OPT 3), and the method belongs to an optimal fertilization scheme.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A precise blueberry water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method capable of saving fertilizer and improving quality is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100, determining soil nutrients of the blueberry garden, and determining the annual total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization of the blueberries according to the determination result;
s200, determining growth stages according to the growth and development rules of the blueberries, wherein the growth stages are a germination stage, a flower promoting stage, a fruit setting stage, a fruit swelling stage and a sun returning stage respectively;
s300, determining the proportion and the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in each growth stage according to the requirement characteristics of the blueberries for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in each growth stage;
s400, determining fertilization time, dilution times and fertilization times under the condition that the application amount of each growth stage is not changed according to soil moisture and by combining climate prediction of the corresponding growth stage;
s500, leading the fertilizer into a water and fertilizer integrated system according to the determined fertilization time, dilution times and fertilization times, and carrying out fertilization management according to a plan;
the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer applied in the germination stage is as follows: n is P 2 O 5 :K 2 10, wherein each kilogram of fertilizer consists of 582g of urea, 162g of monoammonium phosphate, 185g of potassium sulfate and 71g of ammonium bicarbonate, and the fertilizer amount is 4kg;
the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer applied in the flower promoting stage is as follows: n is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight, wherein the formula is that each kilogram of fertilizer comprises 99g of urea, 405g of monoammonium phosphate, 185g of potassium sulfate and 311g of ammonium bicarbonate, and the fertilizer amount is 4kg;
the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer applied in the fruit setting stage is as follows: n is P 2 O 5 :K 2 O =15, the formula is that each kilogram of fertilizer consists of 115g of urea, 162g of monoammonium phosphate, 463g of potassium sulfate and 260g of ammonium bicarbonate, and the fertilizer amount is 4kg;
the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer applied in the fruit swelling stage is as follows: n is P 2 O 5 :K 2 O =10, wherein the formula is that each kilogram of fertilizer consists of 106g of urea, 162g of monoammonium phosphate, 556g of potassium sulfate and 176g of ammonium bicarbonate, and the fertilizer amount is 8kg;
the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer applied in the yang returning stage is as follows: n is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight, wherein the formula is that each kilogram of fertilizer consists of 260g of urea, 324g of monoammonium phosphate, 185g of potassium sulfate and 231g of ammonium bicarbonate, and the fertilizer amount is 8kg;
after the fertilizer applied in the germination stage is diluted by 400 times, the fertilizer is applied for 4 times in combination with the weather forecast and the soil moisture content in the germination stage;
after the fertilizer applied in the flowering promoting stage is diluted by 400 times, the fertilizer is applied for 4 times by combining weather forecast and soil moisture content in the stage;
after the fertilizer applied in the fruit setting stage is diluted by 400 times, the fertilizer is applied for 4 times in combination with the weather forecast and the soil moisture content in the stage;
after the fertilizer applied in the fruit swelling stage is diluted by 400 times, the fertilizer is applied in 8 times according to the weather forecast and the soil moisture content in the stage;
after the fertilizer applied in the stage of returning yang is diluted by 400 times, the fertilizer is applied for 8 times by combining the weather forecast and the soil moisture content in the stage.
2. The accurate water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method for blueberries with fertilizer saving and quality improvement functions as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the sprouting stage is the first middle ten days of 3 months, the flower promoting stage is the first middle ten days of 4 months, the fruit setting stage is the middle and last ten days of 4 months, the fruit swelling stage is 5 months-7 months, and the returning yang stage is 10 months-12 months.
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