JPH07194262A - Cultivation method using nutrient fluid of chrysanthemum for cut flower - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To cultivate a chrysanthemum of a good quality and shape, by controlling an amount of nitrogen fertilizer. CONSTITUTION:A fertilizer is fed accordingly after setting a curve composed of a cubic or 4th polynomial expression derived by a growth curve of a chrysanthemum of one flower on each stalk type for cut flower, as a nitrogen fertilizer feeding base curve f (x) having a variable (x) of number of days after polling of the chrysanthemum for cut flower, establishing a total nitrogen feed amount per one stump from polling to harvesting beforehand, and fixing an amount of the nitrogen feed amount for the chrysanthemum for cut flower after the polling, based on a value f (x) obtained by the above number of days (x) and by using S-shaped curve position of the above curve f (x).

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for hydroponics of single-flowering type chrysanthemums used as cut flowers.
The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation method for cut flower chrysanthemum, which is fertilized and managed by using a nitrogen fertilization curve.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, hydroponics of cut flowers of chrysanthemum has been carried out by a method of maintaining a fertilizer concentration in the culture solution.

[0003]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional cultivation method, the vigor of the chrysanthemum during growth cannot be sufficiently controlled, and the growth of stems and leaves becomes too vigorous, and the balance with flowers is increased. There was a problem that it became worse and the commercial value decreased. For that reason, chrysanthemums are hardly produced by hydroponics, and for example, they cannot meet the demand for funerals that require thousands to tens of thousands of chrysanthemums, resulting in chronic shortage. There was a problem that there was a tendency.

The present invention has a technical problem to solve the above-mentioned problems. The present inventor repeated experiments as to whether or not the growth amount could be controlled in order to obtain a single flower type chrysanthemum that has a good balance between stems and leaves and flowers and is used as a cut flower of high commercial value. The growth amount of is proportional to the nitrogen absorption amount, paying attention to that the living weight draws a sigmoid curve (growth curve) along with the growth, and creates a unique curve of a third-order or fourth-order polynomial that approximates this growth curve. However, if nitrogen is applied along this curve, the growth of chrysanthemums can be controlled, and as a result, a good quality figure (stem,
It has been found that the appearance of the leaves and flowers is well balanced).

The present invention was completed based on the above findings, and provides a hydroponic cultivation method capable of cultivating chrysanthemum chrysanthemums of good quality and good appearance by optimally controlling the growth of chrysanthemums.

[0006]

A method for hydroponically cultivating cut flowers of chrysanthemum according to the present invention is a nutrient solution in which the total nitrogen fertilization amount per strain from plucking to harvesting is preset and the nitrogen fertilization amount is sequentially applied. Cultivation method, using a curve consisting of a third-order or fourth-order polynomial, the number of days from the centering of a single-flower type cut flower chrysanthemum x
Is used as a variable for nitrogen fertilization reference curve f (x), and the nitrogen fertilization amount for cut flower chrysanthemums after plucking starts with a gentle ascending slope of the curve f (x) and ends with a steep ascending slope. Using the S-shaped curve portion, fertilizer is determined based on the value of f (x) obtained by the number of days x. Further, the present invention provides the nitrogen fertilization reference curve according to f in the hydroponic cultivation method of the cut flower chrysanthemum.
(X) = -2.2399 x 10 ^-3 x ³ +3.9867 x 10 ^-1 x ² -8.06
The cubic polynomial of 19 × x + 97.8970 is used, and the nitrogen fertilization period based on the curve f (x) is set to 7 ≦ x ≦ 105.
Further, in the present invention, the nitrogen fertilization amount is 100 to 8 which is the amount obtained from the nitrogen fertilization reference curve f (x) composed of the third-order polynomial.
It is set to 0%.

[0007]

[Experiment] As a cut flower chrysanthemum, a variety of "Hideyoshi no Riki" was used, and two stocks were prepared. After cutting and sprouting on 4th July 1992, potted on 18th July, plucked at 5th section on 23rd July, pulled out from the pot on 30th July and washed the root well with water. Ten plants were planted per box on a hydroponic floor in a plastic container having a volume of 50 liters, and precultured for 4 days.

On August 3, the following four treatment plots were established, and pre-cultivated cut flower chrysanthemum seedlings were planted in each treatment plot. Comparative group: 100 ppm group: The nitrogen concentration in the culture solution is kept at 100 ppm by correcting it every week. Test area 1: 100% area: Nitrogen fertilization standard curve f shown in FIG.
(X) = -2.2399 x 10 ^-3 x ³ +3.9867 x 10 ^-1 x ² -8.06
The next week's worth of nitrogen is added to the culture broth every week according to 19 × x + 97.8970. However, the number of days x from plucking is 7
≦ x ≦ 105, total nitrogen fertilizer application from plucking to harvest is 1
It was set to 1055 mg per strain.

The above-mentioned nitrogen fertilization standard curve f (x) is a sigmoid curve which fits to the nitrogen absorption curve when the total nitrogen fertilization amount of 1055 mg is applied to "Shuho no Chi", and this curve is a cubic curve. It is expressed as a polynomial.
The procedure is to cultivate "Hideyoshi's power" based on different nitrogen concentrations, taking into consideration the measured data of nitrogen absorption, fresh weight and dry matter weight, their increasing rate, the balance between leaves, stems and flowers, etc. , A standard total nitrogen uptake and a regression curve based on the nitrogen uptake are obtained (see Figure 2). Considering the regression curve as a standard nitrogen absorption curve, in order to obtain a nitrogen fertilization curve capable of cultivating good quality chrysanthemum, a sigmoid curve is obtained by modifying the curve of this nitrogen absorption curve based on the traits of the cultivated cut flower chrysanthemum. (See Figure 3)
And calculate the equation that fits this curve. The above is due to.

Test area 2: 80% area: Nitrogen fertilization standard curve f
80% nitrogen of (x) is added to the culture medium in the same manner as in the above 100% section. Test area 3: 60% area: 60% nitrogen of the nitrogen fertilization reference curve f (x) is added to the culture solution in the same manner as in the 100% area.

In all plots of fertilizer elements other than nitrogen, P (phosphorus) is 20 ppm, K (potassium) is 150 ppm, Ca (calcium) is 80 ppm and M is M at the start of treatment.
The g (magnesium) was adjusted to 25 ppm and the culture solution was replaced once after 8 weeks without adding halfway. The nitrogen concentration of the culture solution was measured every one week by the ion electrode method to calculate the absorption amount. The fresh weight was continuously measured by a non-destructive method in which the whole root was taken out, the attached water was removed, the actual weight was measured, and the original cultivation state was immediately returned.

[0012] Harvested on November 9, the height, stem diameter, number of nodes and weight as traits of cut flower chrysanthemum were examined, and the growth state of "Hideyoshi no Riki" in each treatment group was compared.

The results are shown in Table 1.

[0014]

[Table 1]

The cut flower length was the longest in the 100% group and showed little variation, followed by that of the 80% group with good quality. The cut flower length in the 100 ppm plot is shorter than that in the 100% plot, but the weight is the heaviest and the stem is thick and overgrown.
The quality as a cut flower was not good.

FIG. 4 shows the rate of increase in fresh weight per strain including roots. From this figure, chrysanthemums in the 100 ppm plot grew most, and in the other 3 plots, the nitrogen fertilization amount was in the descending order. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the nitrogen absorption amount was most absorbed in the 100 ppm group, and the total amount was 1.14 times that in the 100% group. In the three plots fertilized on the basis of the nitrogen fertilization reference curve f (x), almost all the amount of nitrogen given at the beginning of each week was absorbed during the week, so the absorption curve was similar to the fertilization curve. Further, the absorption amount of fertilizers other than nitrogen was the same as the order of the growth amount, as shown by the total absorption amount of each inorganic element during the experiment period in Table 2.

[0017]

[Table 2]

[0018]

In the present invention, the nitrogen fertilizer reference curve f (x) consisting of a polynomial of third or fourth order is used to apply the nitrogen fertilizer based on the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied to the number x of days from the plucking. Nitrogen fertilization standard curve f
It can be controlled so as to follow (x), and as a result, a good quality cut flower chrysanthemum with good stem and flower balance and high commercial value can be cultivated.

[0019]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Example 1. FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of the hydroponics method according to the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a cutting of "Hideyoshi's power", 2 is an oasis (manufactured by SMITHERS-OASIS) in which cutting 1 is sprouting, 3 is a bed for hydroponics, and silver polyethylene with a planting hole The upper surface is covered with 4. Reference numeral 5 is a culture solution supply pipe, 6 is a drainage pipe, and the supply liquid pipe 5 and the drainage pipe 6 are arranged so that the culture liquid circulates. In addition, in FIG.
In (c) and (d), the liquid supply pipe 5 and the drain pipe 6 are omitted.

First, as shown in FIG. 6 (a), cuttings 1
And then sprout into Oasis 2. Next, rooted cuttings 1
Are placed on the hydroponic bed 3 as shown in FIG. 6 (b). Subsequently, seedlings are raised for 10 days while irrigating with a culture solution having a concentration of 1/2 of that of the first example of the standard formulation of the horticultural testing ground. afterwards,
As shown in FIG. 6 (c), the cuttings are pinched at the 5th node of cuttings 1 during seedling raising. At this time, the old culture solution in the hydroponic bed 3 is discharged from the drainage pipe 6, and a new culture solution is supplied from the liquid supply pipe 5. The nitrogen fertilization amount is the nitrogen fertilization reference curve f shown in FIG.
(X) = -2.2399 x 10 ^-3 x ³ +3.9867 x 10 ^-1 x ² -8.06
The amount of addition on that day was calculated from 19 × x + 97.8970, and added to the culture liquid of each cultivation tank 4 from the liquid supply pipe 5. The addition was started from the 7th day after the plucking and the harvest date was the 105th day after the plucking. The addition method was daily, and the fertilizer application amount on the next day was added on that day. 100 days after plucking, the shoots were budded to make a single flower bud and harvested 105 days after plucking ((d) in Fig. 6).

[0021] Nitrogen and concentrated broth liquid fertilizer containing other nutrients for addition is dissolved _{Ca (NO 3) 2 · 4H} 2 O in 235.5g of 10 liters of water, the solution I 100-fold concentration, NH ₄ H ₂ PO
₄ 44.5g, 258.6g of KNO _3, and MgSO ₄ · 7H ₂ O 152.1
g, NaNO ₃ 187.6g, H ₃ BO ₃ 3.0g, MnSO ₄・ 4-6H ₂ O
The 2.0g, ZnSO ₄ · 7H ₂ O and _{0.22g, Na 2 MoO 4 · 2H} 2 O
0.22 g, CuSO ₄ .5H ₂ O 0.08 g, dissolved in 10 liters of water to make 100 times concentrated II solution, and 25 g of Fe-EDTA 1
Dissolve it in liter of water to prepare 1000 times concentrated solution III,
Solution, solution II and solution III were used. For example, 10 mg nitrogen
To add, 1 mg of solution I + 1 mg of solution II + 0.1 mg of solution III. As a result, the cuttings 1 showed a nitrogen fertilization reference curve f (x).
It was possible to obtain a cut flower chrysanthemum having a cut flower length of 82.9 cm, a stem diameter of 6.6 mm, a node number of 44, and a weight of 85.6 g.

Example 2. In the present embodiment, the nitrogen fertilization reference curve f (x) = − 2.2399 × 10 ⁻³ x ³ in the above Embodiment 1 is used.
The above culture medium was added along the 80% nitrogen fertilization standard curve of + 3.9867 × 10 ⁻¹ × ² −8.0619 × x + 97.8970 (see FIG. 1). As a result, the cut flower length is 80.5 cm and the stem diameter is 5.2 mm.
A cut flower chrysanthemum with 42 knots and a weight of 76.6 g was obtained.

The number of days x from plucking is not limited to 105 days, but is 120, 130 days, etc., and may be arbitrarily changed to approach the chrysanthemum trait of good quality. Also, the number of days x and the total nitrogen fertilizer application amount are varieties (such as "Hideyoshi's power" and "seijin").
Naturally, the nitrogen fertilization reference curve is also different because it differs depending on the type. That is, the cubic polynomial f (x) = ax ³ + b
The values of the constants a, b, c, and d of x ² + cx + d are necessarily determined by the formula of the sigmoid curve created based on the regression curve calculated from the actual measurement data of the nitrogen absorption amount obtained during the growth process of chrysanthemums. Therefore, the numerical values are not limited to those in the above-described embodiment, and some curves may be curves of a fourth-order polynomial.

[0024]

According to the present invention, as shown in the examples, an optimum nitrogen fertilization reference curve is prepared from a growth curve, and nitrogen is fertilized along this curve to cultivate cut flowers chrysanthemum. Therefore, it is possible to control the traits of cut flower chrysanthemum at the harvest stage. Further, by this, it is possible to cultivate cut flower chrysanthemums of good quality with little variation, promote the spread of hydroponic culture of cut flower chrysanthemum, and enable mass production thereof. Therefore, it can be said that the industrial applicability of the present invention is extremely high.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing a nitrogen fertilization reference curve f (x) and its 80% and 60% curves in the hydroponic cultivation method for cut flowers according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing a regression curve created from the nitrogen absorption amount.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing a nitrogen fertilization reference curve created from a regression curve.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in fresh weight of cut flowers in the hydroponic cultivation method for cut flowers of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing changes in the nitrogen absorption amount of cut flowers in the cut flower chrysanthemum hydroponics method according to the present invention.

[Fig. 6] Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for hydroponically cultivating cut flowers of chrysanthemum according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Cutting ear 2 Oasis 3 Hydroponic bed 4 Silver polyethylene 5 Liquid supply pipe 6 Drainage pipe

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A hydroponic cultivation method in which a total nitrogen fertilization amount per strain from plucking to harvesting is preset, and the nitrogen fertilizing amount is sequentially fertilized, wherein a curve composed of a third-order or fourth-order polynomial A nitrogen fertilization standard curve f (x) with the number of days x from the plucking of a single-flowered type cut flower chrysanthemum as a variable is set, and the nitrogen fertilization amount to the cut flower chrysanthemum after the plucking is started with a gentle climbing gradient of the curve f (x). A nutrient solution for cut flower chrysanthemum that is characterized by applying fertilizer based on the value of f (x) obtained by the number of days x using an S-shaped curve portion that ends in a gentle ascending slope after going through a steep ascent slope. Cultivation method. 2. The nitrogen fertilization reference curve f (x) is f (x) = − 2.2399 × 10 ⁻³ x ³ + 3.9867 × 10 ⁻¹ x ² −8.
The method for hydroponics of cut flowers of chrysanthemum according to claim 1, wherein: 0619 × x + 97.8970, and the nitrogen fertilization period based on the curve f (x) is 7 ≦ x ≦ 105. 3. Nitrogen fertilization reference curve f
The cut flower chrysanthemum hydroponic method according to claim 2, wherein the amount obtained from (x) is 100 to 80%.