CN109042141A - A kind of method of Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing - Google Patents
A kind of method of Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN109042141A CN109042141A CN201811001444.1A CN201811001444A CN109042141A CN 109042141 A CN109042141 A CN 109042141A CN 201811001444 A CN201811001444 A CN 201811001444A CN 109042141 A CN109042141 A CN 109042141A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing, belong to Siraitia grosvenorii planting technology field.The method of the Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing, includes the following steps: step 1: planting the selection in plot；Step 2: site preparation；Step 3: setting up frame；Step 4: implantation time and density；Step 5: seedling stage water and fertilizer management；Step 6: the canopy time in regulation；Step 7: pruning；Step 8: regulation pollination time；Step 9: applying fruit-promoting fertilizer；Step 10: overwinter management；Step 11: prevention and treatment pest and disease damage；Step 12: harvesting.The present invention provides a kind of plantations of 1 year three season of Siraitia grosvenorii, the high yield cultivating method of four seasons harvest.The present invention can not only expand Siraitia grosvenorii suitable planting region, cultivated area, reduce the management difficulty of Siraitia grosvenorii plantation, and can guarantee farmer's interests, realize stable yields, high yield purpose.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing, belong to Siraitia grosvenorii planting technology field.
Background technique
Siraitia grosvenorii (Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C.Jeffrey) is many years that Curcurbitaceae Siraitia grosvenorii belongs to
Raw liana is the famous specialty in Guangxi.Siraitia grosvenorii in 2003 is confirmed as Guangxi advantageous agricultural product and is given priority to.Arhat
Fruit is traditional one of the exporting in China, is had long enjoyed a good reputation in countries such as Southeast Asia, Japan, America and Europes, and " east mind fruit " is known as,
Supply falls short of demand in the market.Requirement of the Siraitia grosvenorii to growing environment is more stringent, and NATURAL DISTRIBUTION is in 250 meters -1000 meters of height above sea level of Asia
Tropical mountain and forest region, it is desirable that environment is wet, and day and night temperature is big；Siraitia grosvenorii category short day crop enjoys light but intolerant to strong light, fearness frost
Freeze, preferably cultivate draining preferably, organic matter is loose, in the red, yellow soil that moistens；The preference temperature that Siraitia grosvenorii is yielded positive results is
25-33 DEG C, high temperature is avoided, because 35 DEG C or more of high temperature will inhibit flower bud development, and influence pollination percentage of fertile fruit and inhibit fruit development.
Traditional Siraitia grosvenorii artificial growth is used the methods of to keep down the vines of a creeping plant, cultivate potato wedge and be bred, and Siraitia grosvenorii kind is caused to be moved back
Change, carry virus seriously.At the beginning of 21 century, people solve the degeneration of seedling germplasm using Siraitia grosvenorii tissue culture detoxic seedling and carry virus
The problem of, to accomplish that planting current year for the year harvests, while the mode that traditional Siraitia grosvenorii is only planted on hillside is also changed,
Making Siraitia grosvenorii on Guilin and the level land of periphery counties and districts, there has also been certain cultivated areas.Although the suitable planting area of Siraitia grosvenorii and plantation
Area is expanded, but the per mu yield of Siraitia grosvenorii and quality are in downward trend year by year instead, Cotton Varieties by Small Farming Households Siraitia grosvenorii
Difficulty is more and more big, and planting cost rises, and causes Siraitia grosvenorii in the cultivated area on level land in decrescence trend year by year.
The planting technology of Siraitia grosvenorii is the spring mode that 1 year one kind one is received or 1 year one kind two is received: i.e. spring (3-4 at present
Month) plantation, summer and autumn (7-9 month) pollination of blooming, autumn and winter (9-12 month) harvest, the time of infertility about 270 days.1 year one
Kind one receives spring cropping pattern: under normal climate and management condition, Siraitia grosvenorii is by the planting density condition for planting 120 plants per acre
Under, 12000/mu of average product (i.e. 100/plant), wherein the Siraitia grosvenorii average product of level land plantation is up to 10000/mu.
Can recent years with global warming, by 7-8 month, lasting hot weather (35 DEG C or more) are seriously affected, Siraitia grosvenorii
Average product only has 8000/mu, and level land plantation Siraitia grosvenorii average product only has 6000/mu, and the underproduction is up to 40% or more.It is high
Warm weather not only shortens the mature number of days of Siraitia grosvenorii, so that plant is easy infection mosaic virus, so that peasant household be caused to abuse agriculture
Medicine causes the problems such as environmental pollution, fresh fruit chemical pesticide residual content are higher and fresh fruit is of poor quality.The spring that 1 year one kind two is received
Season cropping pattern: increase fly net in planting process, although reduce to a certain extent by insect be medium bite rear juice
Mosaic virus caused by liquid contacts, but the planting cost that fly net increases Siraitia grosvenorii is covered on Siraitia grosvenorii frame, thus
The mode is limited to be widely applied and apply.
In conclusion the production method of Siraitia grosvenorii spring plantation at present is neither able to satisfy the growing demand of consumer,
It cannot be guaranteed the benefit of farmer again, while also making the product cost of processing enterprise high, enterprise is caused to exploit market
Limited and enterprise cannot do it is big, run business into strong one, do it is excellent.
In consideration of it, it is necessary to provide a kind of methods of Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing, so as to solve the deficiencies in the prior art.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aims to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, and provides a kind of a kind of methods of Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing.The present invention
Provide the high yield cultivating method of a kind of plantation of 1 year three season of Siraitia grosvenorii, four seasons harvest.The present invention can not only expand Siraitia grosvenorii
Suitable planting region, cultivated area, reduce the management difficulty of Siraitia grosvenorii plantation, and can guarantee farmer's interests, realize steady
It produces, high yield purpose.The present invention is bloomed the phase of bearing fruit and fresh fruit collecting time by adjusting Siraitia grosvenorii, has both alleviated farmer's seasonality
The problem of recruitment famine, and the time of enterprise's processing fresh fruit is extended, caused by solving because the fresh fruit supply phase is short, fresh fruit is of poor quality
Enterprise's recycling the fresh fruit time is short, financial pressure is big, fresh fruit storage is difficult, tonnage is big, seeling industry and supply are particularly thorny
A series of problems, such as, it is the sustainable of Siraitia grosvenorii industry to guarantee the raw material quantity and quality of momordica grosvenori product on source
It develops in a healthy way and technical support is provided.
The technical scheme to solve the above technical problems is that a kind of method of Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing, including such as
Lower step:
Step 1: planting the selection in plot
Selection illumination is sufficient, averagely sunshine 8 hours or more daily, periphery have the woods, day and night 8 DEG C of the temperature difference or more, water source fills
Foot, can pour water, loess or black gravel soil, soil pH value are the plot of 5.5-6.5, as plantation plot；
Step 2: site preparation
Lime sulfur is sprayed in a kind of the cleanup step sundries planted on plot, arable land, and basal dressing plays high ridge and with covering black
Film；
Step 3: setting up frame；
Step 4: implantation time and density
In month in spring 2-4, month summer 5-7 or month in autumn 8-9, by Siraitia grosvenorii seedling remove after nutrition cup together with
Nutrition Soil is planted together, and planting density is 110-130 plants per acre of spring, and seeding row spacing is (1-1.2) m × 5m；Summer is every with autumn
180-220 plants of mu, seeding row spacing are (1-1.2) m × 3m；
Root water is drenched after plantation；
Step 5: seedling stage water and fertilizer management
The 5-7 days after the plantation of Siraitia grosvenorii seedling, first time liquid manure is applied, apart from Siraitia grosvenorii seedling base portion 5cm-8cm
Under leaching, a liquid manure was applied every 7 days later and is gradually distance from Siraitia grosvenorii seedling base portion, when Siraitia grosvenorii seedling it is long to 0.8m-1m when
Liquid manure is applied in stopping；
Step 6: the canopy time in regulation
The Siraitia grosvenorii of spring plantation, when main stem it is long to 0.8m-1m when, topping, sprouting to be grown selects sturdy lateral bud again
Main stem continued growth is cultivated into, upper mid or late May canopy time of main stem was made；The Siraitia grosvenorii of summer plantation, when main stem is long extremely
When 0.3m-0.5m high, topping, sprouting to be grown selects sturdy lateral bud continued growth, when main stem grows to 0.8m-1m, followed by
Continuous topping, made upper late July canopy time-mid-August of main stem；The Siraitia grosvenorii of autumn plantation, when main stem is long to 0.8m-1m high
When, topping, sprouting to be grown selects sturdy lateral bud to cultivate into main stem continued growth again, made upper October canopy time of main stem
The middle ten days and the last ten days；
Step 7: pruning
When main stem climbs up frame, length to 5-10 is pinched when opening blade, selects and remain 2-4 level-one lateral bine；When level-one lateral bine is long extremely
It pinches when 5-7 blades, every level-one lateral bine selects and remain 1-2 second level lateral bine；It pinches when second level lateral bine is long opens blade to 5-7,
Each second level lateral bine selects and remain 1-2 three-level lateral bine, finally obtains 6-8 item result lateral bine；All result lateral bines is fan-shaped
Expansion, is distributed on frame；
It prunes thin and delicate branch after pollination off in time, guarantees ventilation, light transmission, breathes freely；
Step 8: regulation pollination time
Regulate and control the pollination time of the Siraitia grosvenorii of spring plantation in mid-July late June-and early September late August-two
Stage, the pollination time of the Siraitia grosvenorii of regulation summer plantation regulate and control awarding for the Siraitia grosvenorii of autumn plantation in late September late August-
The powder time mid-September-by the end of October with two stages of April next year-May；
Step 9: applying fruit-promoting fertilizer
When Momordica grosvenori plant starts to bloom, fruit-promoting fertilizer is applied, and keeping soil moisture content is 12wt%-20wt%；
Step 10: overwinter management
The Siraitia grosvenorii of autumn plantation, covers sunshade net before supreme canopy after plantation on canopy；It blooms and is covered on canopy after pollinating
Film；
Step 11: prevention and treatment pest and disease damage；
Step 12: harvesting
After Pollination of Luohanguo 80-90 days, harvested.
The principle of the present invention explanation:
In step 1 of the invention, plant the selection in plot, be because requirement of the Siraitia grosvenorii to growing environment it is more stringent,
Its NATURAL DISTRIBUTION is in the subtropical zone mountain and forest region of height above sea level 250m-1000m, it is desirable that environment is wet, and day and night temperature is big；Siraitia grosvenorii belongs to short
Sunshine crop enjoys light but intolerant to strong light, fearness frost.
In step 2 of the invention, the sundries, including weeds, old root, old rattan etc. on plot are planted.In general, needing elder generation
These sundries carry out baked wheaten cake processing, then clean out.Black mulch film is covered in high ridge, is weed growth in order to prevent.
In step 4 of the invention, planting density, plant of the summer as the planting density in autumn, seeding row spacing, with spring
Away from difference, this is because spring plantation Siraitia grosvenorii growth period is yielded positive results 2 times, summer, autumn plantation Siraitia grosvenorii need to only be concentrated out
Flower result is primary, is the yield of guarantor unit's area, needs dense planting.
In step 5 of the invention, Siraitia grosvenorii seedling plantation after the 5-7 days, apply first time liquid manure, be because shorten delay
Seedling stage and promotion seedling growth.
In step 10 of the invention, to the Siraitia grosvenorii of autumn culture, film or sunshade net are covered on canopy, it can be to avoid frost
Jelly and chilling damage.
It in step 12 of the invention, after Pollination of Luohanguo 80-90 days, is harvested, carpopodium junction turns yellow at this time, pericarp
Turn Huang, fruit sweetness is without bitter taste.
Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.
Further, in step 2, the dosage of the lime sulfur is that the lime sulfur crystal for being 45% by mass percent is used
Water dilutes 150-200 times, obtains dilution, plants plot per acre and sprays 120kg-160kg dilution.
Lime sulfur is a kind of for fungicide agriculturally made of adding water to boil as quick lime, sulphur.Numerous
In fungicide, materials are convenient, cheap, effect is good, have many advantages, such as inhibitory or killing effect, quilt to a variety of germs with it for lime sulfur
Numerous orchard workers generally use.
It is using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: using the numerical value, pest and disease damage can be effectively prevented, use can also be saved
Amount.
Further, in step 2, the base manure is that organic fertilizer, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulphate fertilizer are 5:2:1 composition in mass ratio
Mixture.
Further, in step 2, the height of the high ridge is 30cm, width 1m-1.2m.
Further, in step 3, the frame of setting up method particularly includes: pile column is done with timber or reinforced concrete, two
It is separated by 3m-4m between a column, embarks on journey anyhow, is straightened and is fixed on a column with plastic steel wire or aluminum cald steel wire, then in plastic-steel
It is laid with plastic wire above silk or aluminum cald steel wire and tenses.
Further, in step 4, the Siraitia grosvenorii seedling is tissue culture virus-elimination seedlings, plant height 5cm or more, well developed root system, 3-5
Piece healthy leaves, purity are 90% or more.
Above-mentioned tissue culture virus-elimination seedlings are purchased from Guilin City's the earth Bioisystech Co., Ltd.
Be using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: use above-mentioned Siraitia grosvenorii seedling, Momordica grosvenori plant survival rate 90% with
On, budding yield positive results strain rate up to 80% or more for the year.
Further, in step 5, the liquid manure is that well-rotted farmyard manure is diluted 800-1000 times of gained with water.
Further, the farmyard manure is pig manure, cow dung or chicken manure.
Further, in step 9, the fruit-promoting fertilizer is that well-rotted farmyard manure 0.5kg and compound fertilizer 0.5kg are applied in every plant of root.
Further, the farmyard manure is pig manure, cow dung or chicken manure；In the compound fertilizer, N, P2O5And K2The matter of O three
Measure percentage composition summation >=45%, N, the mass ratio of P, K are 15:15:15.
Further, in step 11, the specific method of the prevention and treatment pest and disease damage is:
(1) snail, slug are trapped and killed: using mass percent for 6% methaldehyde granule, spreads fertilizer over the fields 400g- per acre
500g is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields around Siraitia grosvenorii seedling root；
(2) it prevents and treats prodenia litura: using 750 times of liquid of 8000IU/ μ L Dipel, spray blade back, spray 30L- per acre
45L；
(3) it prevents and treats Lo Han Guo fruit fly: according to parts by weight, 6 portions of brown sugar, 3 portions of vinegar and 11 parts of water being taken to be configured to sugar-vinegar liquid,
It is divided in aperture plastic bottle, suspension is in the planting field
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) plantation of 1 year three season of Siraitia grosvenorii, four seasons harvest may be implemented in the method for Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing of the invention.
Wherein, spring plants Siraitia grosvenorii, and the maturity period is in 9-12 month；Summer plants Siraitia grosvenorii, and the maturity period is in November current year to next year 2
Month；Autumn plants Siraitia grosvenorii, and the maturity period is in month next year 3-8.The plantation of 1 year three season, four seasons harvest substantially prolong fresh fruit confession
Ying Qi.The fresh fruit supply phase extends to 12 months from 3 months (10-12 months) of the prior art, has both improved the economy of farmer
Interests, and the time of processing enterprise's processing fresh fruit is extended, it is greatly promoted Siraitia grosvenorii industry development.
(2) summer, autumn plant Siraitia grosvenorii, can make plant budding bloom avoid 7-8 month high temperature influence, high temperature can be reduced
To the influence that pollination is beared fruit, high temperature had both been reduced to Siraitia grosvenorii growth, pollination, mature influence, moreover it is possible to reduce mosaic virus
Harm, ensure that Siraitia grosvenorii plantation got bumper crops, stable yields, planting benefit is greatly increased, so that Siraitia grosvenorii planting area can
It is expanded to region on the south Guilin, improves Siraitia grosvenorii industry development space.The yield of every season Siraitia grosvenorii fresh fruit per acre reaches
10000 or more, wherein the ratio of big fruit, middle fruit accounts for 80% or more.
(3) implantation time is adjusted by adaptation to local conditions, promotes Siraitia grosvenorii in the pollination of Best Times node, maturation, reduces
The ratio of Siraitia grosvenorii early infection spot disease fruit, improves fresh fruit sweet tea glycosides V content, and Siraitia grosvenorii quality gets a promotion.
(4) method of Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing of the invention, improves the plantation efficiency in farmer's unit time, can be real
Existing Siraitia grosvenorii large-scale planting reduces the production cost of Siraitia grosvenorii raw material, the competitiveness of enhancing enterprise in the international market.
Specific embodiment
Principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with specific embodiment, example is served only for explaining this hair
It is bright, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The method of the Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
Step 1: planting the selection in plot
Selection illumination is sufficient, averagely sunshine 8 hours or more daily, periphery have the woods, day and night 8 DEG C of the temperature difference or more, water source fills
Foot, can pour water, loess or black gravel soil, soil pH value are the plot of 5.5-6.5, as plantation plot.
Step 2: site preparation
1 kind of the cleanup step sundries planted on plot, arable land；
Taking mass percent is 45% lime sulfur crystal, is diluted with water 150 times, obtains dilution, per acre planting site
Block sprays 120kg dilution；
Basal dressing, base manure are the mixture that organic fertilizer, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulphate fertilizer are 5:2:1 composition in mass ratio；
Playing height is 30cm, and width is the high ridge of 1m, and covers black mulch film.
Step 3: setting up frame
Pile column is done with timber or reinforced concrete, is separated by 3m between two stake columns, embarks on journey anyhow, with plastic steel wire or aluminium packet
Steel wire, which is straightened, to be fixed on a column, and plastic wire is then laid on plastic steel wire or aluminum cald steel wire and is tensed.
Step 4: implantation time and density
In month in spring 2-4, will be planted after Siraitia grosvenorii tissue culture virus-elimination seedlings removal nutrition cup together with Nutrition Soil, tissue culture
The plant height 5cm or more of virus-elimination seedlings, well developed root system, 3-5 piece healthy leaves, purity are 90% or more, and planting density is per acre 110
Strain, seeding row spacing are 1.2m × 5m.
Root water is drenched after plantation.
Step 5: seedling stage water and fertilizer management
The 5th day after the plantation of Siraitia grosvenorii seedling, first time liquid manure is applied, liquid manure is that rotted pig manure is diluted 800 times with water
Gained applied a liquid manure every 7 days later and is gradually distance from Siraitia grosvenorii seedling base under Siraitia grosvenorii seedling base portion 5cm leaching
Portion, when Siraitia grosvenorii seedling it is long to 0.8m when stop applying liquid manure.
Step 6: the canopy time in regulation
When main stem it is long to 0.8m when, topping, sprouting to be grown selects sturdy lateral bud to cultivate into main stem continued growth again,
Made upper mid or late May canopy time of main stem.
Step 7: pruning
When main stem climbs up frame, length to 5-10 is pinched when opening blade, selects and remain 2-4 level-one lateral bine；When level-one lateral bine is long extremely
It pinches when 5-7 blades, every level-one lateral bine selects and remain 1-2 second level lateral bine；It pinches when second level lateral bine is long opens blade to 5-7,
Each second level lateral bine selects and remain 1-2 three-level lateral bine, finally obtains 6-8 item result lateral bine；All result lateral bines is fan-shaped
Expansion, is distributed on frame；
It prunes thin and delicate branch after pollination off in time, guarantees ventilation, light transmission, breathes freely.
Step 8: regulation pollination time
Regulate and control the pollination time of the Siraitia grosvenorii of spring plantation in mid-July late June-and early September late August-two
Stage.
Step 9: applying fruit-promoting fertilizer
When Momordica grosvenori plant starts to bloom, fruit-promoting fertilizer is applied, rotted pig manure 0.5kg and compound fertilizer 0.5kg are applied in every plant of root,
Wherein, in compound fertilizer, N, P2O5And K2Mass percentage summation >=45%, N of O three, the mass ratio of P, K are 15:15:15；
And keeping soil moisture content is 12wt%.
Step 10: prevention and treatment pest and disease damage
(1) snail, slug are trapped and killed: using mass percent for 6% methaldehyde granule, spreads fertilizer over the fields 400g per acre,
It is even to spread fertilizer over the fields around Siraitia grosvenorii seedling root；
(2) it prevents and treats prodenia litura: using 750 times of liquid of 8000IU/ μ L Dipel, spray blade back, spray 30L per acre；
(3) it prevents and treats Lo Han Guo fruit fly: according to parts by weight, 6 portions of brown sugar, 3 portions of vinegar and 11 parts of water being taken to be configured to sugar-vinegar liquid,
It is divided in aperture plastic bottle, suspension is in the planting field.
Step 11: harvesting
After Pollination of Luohanguo 80 days, harvested.
Embodiment 2
The method of the Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
Step 1: planting the selection in plot
Selection illumination is sufficient, averagely sunshine 8 hours or more daily, periphery have the woods, day and night 8 DEG C of the temperature difference or more, water source fills
Foot, can pour water, loess or black gravel soil, soil pH value are the plot of 5.5-6.5, as plantation plot.
Step 2: site preparation
1 kind of the cleanup step sundries planted on plot, arable land；
Taking mass percent is 45% lime sulfur crystal, is diluted with water 180 times, obtains dilution, per acre planting site
Block sprays 140kg dilution；
Basal dressing, base manure are the mixture that organic fertilizer, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulphate fertilizer are 5:2:1 composition in mass ratio；
Playing height is 30cm, and width is the high ridge of 1.1m, and covers black mulch film.
Step 3: setting up frame
Pile column is done with timber or reinforced concrete, is separated by 3.5m between two stake columns, embarks on journey anyhow, with plastic steel wire or aluminium
Baogang's silk, which is straightened, to be fixed on a column, and plastic wire is then laid on plastic steel wire or aluminum cald steel wire and is tensed.
Step 4: implantation time and density
In month summer 5-7, will be planted after Siraitia grosvenorii tissue culture virus-elimination seedlings removal nutrition cup together with Nutrition Soil, tissue culture
The plant height 5cm or more of virus-elimination seedlings, well developed root system, 3-5 piece healthy leaves, purity are 90% or more, and planting density is per acre 200
Strain, seeding row spacing are 1.1m × 3m.
Root water is drenched after plantation.
Step 5: seedling stage water and fertilizer management
The 6th day after the plantation of Siraitia grosvenorii seedling, first time liquid manure is applied, liquid manure is that decomposed cow dung is diluted 900 times with water
Gained applied a liquid manure every 7 days later and is gradually distance from Siraitia grosvenorii seedling under Siraitia grosvenorii seedling base portion 6.5cm leaching
Base portion, when Siraitia grosvenorii seedling it is long to 0.9m when stop applying liquid manure.
Step 6: the canopy time in regulation
When main stem it is long to 0.3m-0.5m high when, topping, sprouting to be grown selects sturdy lateral bud continued growth, when main stem is raw
It is long to 0.8m-1m when, be further continued for pinching, made upper late July canopy time-mid-August of main stem.
Step 7: pruning
When main stem climbs up frame, length to 5-10 is pinched when opening blade, selects and remain 2-4 level-one lateral bine；When level-one lateral bine is long extremely
It pinches when 5-7 blades, every level-one lateral bine selects and remain 1-2 second level lateral bine；It pinches when second level lateral bine is long opens blade to 5-7,
Each second level lateral bine selects and remain 1-2 three-level lateral bine, finally obtains 6-8 item result lateral bine；All result lateral bines is fan-shaped
Expansion, is distributed on frame；
It prunes thin and delicate branch after pollination off in time, guarantees ventilation, light transmission, breathes freely；
Step 8: regulation pollination time
Regulate and control the pollination time of the Siraitia grosvenorii of summer plantation in late September late August-.
Step 9: applying fruit-promoting fertilizer
When Momordica grosvenori plant starts to bloom, fruit-promoting fertilizer is applied, decomposed cow dung 0.5kg and compound fertilizer 0.5kg are applied in every plant of root,
Wherein, in compound fertilizer, N, P2O5And K2Mass percentage summation >=45%, N of O three, the mass ratio of P, K are 15:15:15；
And keeping soil moisture content is 16wt%.
Step 10: prevention and treatment pest and disease damage
(1) snail, slug are trapped and killed: using mass percent for 6% methaldehyde granule, spreads fertilizer over the fields 450g per acre,
It is even to spread fertilizer over the fields around Siraitia grosvenorii seedling root；
(2) it prevents and treats prodenia litura: using 750 times of liquid of 8000IU/ μ L Dipel, spray blade back, spray 38L per acre；
(3) it prevents and treats Lo Han Guo fruit fly: according to parts by weight, 6 portions of brown sugar, 3 portions of vinegar and 11 parts of water being taken to be configured to sugar-vinegar liquid,
It is divided in aperture plastic bottle, suspension is in the planting field.
Step 11: harvesting
After Pollination of Luohanguo 85 days, harvested.
Embodiment 3
The method of the Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
Step 1: planting the selection in plot
Selection illumination is sufficient, averagely sunshine 8 hours or more daily, periphery have the woods, day and night 8 DEG C of the temperature difference or more, water source fills
Foot, can pour water, loess or black gravel soil, soil pH value are the plot of 5.5-6.5, as plantation plot.
Step 2: site preparation
1 kind of the cleanup step sundries planted on plot, arable land；
Taking mass percent is 45% lime sulfur crystal, is diluted with water 200 times, obtains dilution, per acre planting site
Block sprays 160kg dilution；
Basal dressing, base manure are the mixture that organic fertilizer, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulphate fertilizer are 5:2:1 composition in mass ratio；
Playing height is 30cm, and width is the high ridge of 1.2m, and covers black mulch film.
Step 3: setting up frame
Pile column is done with timber or reinforced concrete, is separated by 4m between two stake columns, embarks on journey anyhow, with plastic steel wire or aluminium packet
Steel wire, which is straightened, to be fixed on a column, and plastic wire is then laid on plastic steel wire or aluminum cald steel wire and is tensed.
Step 4: implantation time and density
It will be planted after Siraitia grosvenorii tissue culture virus-elimination seedlings removal nutrition cup together with Nutrition Soil, tissue culture in 8-9 month in the fall
The plant height 5cm or more of virus-elimination seedlings, well developed root system, 3-5 piece healthy leaves, purity are 90% or more, and planting density is per acre 220
Strain, seeding row spacing are 1m × 3m.
Root water is drenched after plantation.
Step 5: seedling stage water and fertilizer management
The 7th day after the plantation of Siraitia grosvenorii seedling, first time liquid manure is applied, liquid manure is that Chicken dung is diluted 1000 times with water
Gained applied a liquid manure every 7 days later and is gradually distance from Siraitia grosvenorii kind under Siraitia grosvenorii seedling base portion 5cm-8cm leaching
Seedling base portion, when Siraitia grosvenorii seedling it is long to 0.8m-1m when stop applying liquid manure.
Step 6: the canopy time in regulation
When main stem it is long to 0.8m-1m high when, topping, sprouting to be grown selects sturdy lateral bud to cultivate into main stem again and continues
Growth, made upper mid or late October canopy time of main stem.
Step 7: pruning
When main stem climbs up frame, length to 5-10 is pinched when opening blade, selects and remain 2-4 level-one lateral bine；When level-one lateral bine is long extremely
It pinches when 5-7 blades, every level-one lateral bine selects and remain 1-2 second level lateral bine；It pinches when second level lateral bine is long opens blade to 5-7,
Each second level lateral bine selects and remain 1-2 three-level lateral bine, finally obtains 6-8 item result lateral bine；All result lateral bines is fan-shaped
Expansion, is distributed on frame；
It prunes thin and delicate branch after pollination off in time, guarantees ventilation, light transmission, breathes freely；
Step 8: regulation pollination time
Regulate and control autumn plantation Siraitia grosvenorii pollination time mid-September-by the end of October with two stages of April next year-May；
Step 9: applying fruit-promoting fertilizer
When Momordica grosvenori plant starts to bloom, fruit-promoting fertilizer is applied, Chicken dung 0.5kg and compound fertilizer 0.5kg are applied in every plant of root,
Wherein, in compound fertilizer, N, P2O5And K2Mass percentage summation >=45%, N of O three, the mass ratio of P, K are 15:15:15；
And keeping soil moisture content is 20wt%.
Step 10: overwinter management
The Siraitia grosvenorii of autumn plantation, covers sunshade net before supreme canopy after plantation on canopy；It blooms and is covered on canopy after pollinating
Film；
Step 11: prevention and treatment pest and disease damage
(1) snail, slug are trapped and killed: using mass percent for 6% methaldehyde granule, spreads fertilizer over the fields 500g per acre,
It is even to spread fertilizer over the fields around Siraitia grosvenorii seedling root；
(2) it prevents and treats prodenia litura: using 750 times of liquid of 8000IU/ μ L Dipel, spray blade back, spray 45L per acre；
(3) it prevents and treats Lo Han Guo fruit fly: according to parts by weight, 6 portions of brown sugar, 3 portions of vinegar and 11 parts of water being taken to be configured to sugar-vinegar liquid,
It is divided in aperture plastic bottle, suspension is in the planting field.
Step 12: harvesting
After Pollination of Luohanguo 90 days, harvested.
Experimental example 1: sweet tea glycosides content
By taking middle fruit as an example, using the method for embodiment 1, the Siraitia grosvenorii that month spring 2-4 in 2017 plants is adopted in 9-12 month
The ripe fresh fruit of harvest, average sweet tea glycosides V content are 0.42%.3 repetitions are set, and concrete outcome is shown in Table 1.
The Siraitia grosvenorii that table 2-4 month in 1 spring plants is averaged sweet tea glycosides V content
Using the method for embodiment 2, the Siraitia grosvenorii that month summer 5-7 in 2017 plants is harvested mature fresh in 11-12 month
Fruit, average sweet tea glycosides V content are 0.45%, and relative to the Siraitia grosvenorii that month in spring 3-4 plants, the sweet tea glycosides V content of fresh fruit is totally mentioned
It is high by 7%.3 repetitions are set, and concrete outcome is shown in Table 2.
The Siraitia grosvenorii that table 5-7 month 2 summer plants is averaged sweet tea glycosides V content
Using the method for embodiment 3, the Siraitia grosvenorii that month autumn 8-9 in 2017 plants is harvested mature fresh month next year 3-5
Fruit, average sweet tea glycosides V content are 0.44%, and relative to the Siraitia grosvenorii that month in spring 3-4 plants, the sweet tea glycosides V content of fresh fruit is totally mentioned
It is high by 5%.3 repetitions are set, and concrete outcome is shown in Table 3.
The Siraitia grosvenorii that table 8-9 month in 3 autumn plants is averaged sweet tea glycosides V content
Experimental example 2: Comparative Experiment on Yield
By taking middle fruit as an example, using the method for embodiment 1, the Siraitia grosvenorii that month spring 2-4 in 2017 plants is adopted in 9-12 month
The ripe fresh fruit of harvest, average product are 8112/mu.3 repetitions are set, and concrete outcome is shown in Table 4.
The Siraitia grosvenorii average product that table 2-4 month in 4 spring plants
Using the method for embodiment 2, the Siraitia grosvenorii that month summer 5-7 in 2017 plants is harvested mature fresh in 11-12 month
Fruit, average product are 10328/mu, and relative to the Siraitia grosvenorii that month in spring 3-4 plants, the average product of fresh fruit is totally improved
27%.3 repetitions are set, and concrete outcome is shown in Table 5.
The Siraitia grosvenorii average product that table 5-7 month 5 summer plants
Using the method for embodiment 3, the Siraitia grosvenorii that month autumn 8-9 in 2017 plants is harvested mature fresh month next year 3-5
Fruit, average product are 9736/mu, and relative to the Siraitia grosvenorii that month in spring 3-4 plants, the average product of fresh fruit is totally improved
20%.3 repetitions are set, and concrete outcome is shown in Table 6.
The Siraitia grosvenorii average product that table 8-9 month in 6 autumn plants
It can be seen that the summer, autumn plant Siraitia grosvenorii, can make plant budding bloom avoid 7-8 month high temperature influence, can subtract
The influence that few high temperature bears fruit to pollination had both reduced high temperature to Siraitia grosvenorii growth, pollination, mature influence, moreover it is possible to reduce mosaic disease
The harm of viral disease, ensure that Siraitia grosvenorii plantation got bumper crops, stable yields, greatly increase planting benefit so that Siraitia grosvenorii plantation
Region can be expanded to region on the south Guilin, improve Siraitia grosvenorii industry development space.The production of every season Siraitia grosvenorii fresh fruit per acre
Amount is up to 10000 or more, wherein the ratio of big fruit, middle fruit accounts for 80% or more
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1: planting the selection in plot
Selection illumination it is sufficient, daily averagely sunshine 8 hours or more, periphery have the woods, day and night 8 DEG C of the temperature difference or more, have abundant water resources, energy
Pour water, loess or black gravel soil, soil pH value are the plot of 5.5-6.5, as plantation plot；
Step 2: site preparation
Lime sulfur is sprayed in a kind of the cleanup step sundries planted on plot, arable land, and basal dressing plays high ridge and covers black mulch film；
Step 3: setting up frame；
Step 4: implantation time and density
In month in spring 2-4, month summer 5-7 or month in autumn 8-9, Siraitia grosvenorii seedling is removed after nutrition cup together with nutrition
Soil is planted together, and planting density is 110-130 plants per acre of spring, and seeding row spacing is (1-1.2) m × 5m；Summer and autumn are per acre
180-220 plants, seeding row spacing is (1-1.2) m × 3m；
Root water is drenched after plantation；
Step 5: seedling stage water and fertilizer management
The 5-7 days after the plantation of Siraitia grosvenorii seedling, first time liquid manure is applied, in the case where being drenched apart from Siraitia grosvenorii seedling base portion 5cm-8cm,
A liquid manure was applied every 7 days later and is gradually distance from Siraitia grosvenorii seedling base portion, when Siraitia grosvenorii seedling it is long to 0.8m-1m when stop applying
Liquid manure；
Step 6: the canopy time in regulation
The Siraitia grosvenorii of spring plantation, when main stem it is long to 0.8m-1m when, topping, sprouting to be grown selects sturdy lateral bud to cultivate again
At main stem continued growth, made upper mid or late May canopy time of main stem；
The Siraitia grosvenorii of summer plantation, when main stem it is long to 0.3m-0.5m high when, topping, sprouting to be grown selects sturdy lateral bud to continue
Growth, when main stem grows to 0.8m-1m, is further continued for pinching, made upper late July canopy time-mid-August of main stem；
The Siraitia grosvenorii of autumn plantation, when main stem it is long to 0.8m-1m high when, topping, sprouting to be grown selects sturdy lateral bud to train again
It is bred as main stem continued growth, made upper mid or late October canopy time of main stem；
Step 7: pruning
When main stem climbs up frame, length to 5-10 is pinched when opening blade, selects and remain 2-4 level-one lateral bine；When level-one lateral bine is long to 5-7
It pinches when blade, every level-one lateral bine selects and remain 1-2 second level lateral bine；It pinches when second level lateral bine is long opens blade to 5-7, each
Second level lateral bine selects and remain 1-2 three-level lateral bine, finally obtains 6-8 item result lateral bine；By all result lateral bine fannings, divide
Cloth is on frame；
It prunes thin and delicate branch after pollination off in time, guarantees ventilation, light transmission, breathes freely；
Step 8: regulation pollination time
Regulate and control the pollination time of the Siraitia grosvenorii of spring plantation in two stages of mid-July late June-and early September late August-,
Regulate and control the pollination time of the Siraitia grosvenorii of summer plantation in late September late August-, when regulating and controlling the pollination of the Siraitia grosvenorii of autumn plantation
Between mid-September-by the end of October with two stages of April next year-May；
Step 9: applying fruit-promoting fertilizer
When Momordica grosvenori plant starts to bloom, fruit-promoting fertilizer is applied, and keeping soil moisture content is 12wt%-20wt%；
Step 10: overwinter management
The Siraitia grosvenorii of autumn plantation, covers sunshade net before supreme canopy after plantation on canopy；It blooms and covers film on canopy after pollinating；
Step 11: prevention and treatment pest and disease damage；
Step 12: harvesting
After Pollination of Luohanguo 80-90 days, harvested.
2. a kind of method of Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 2, the stone sulphur
The dosage of mixture is that the lime sulfur crystal for being 45% by mass percent is diluted with water 150-200 times, obtains dilution, per acre
It plants plot and sprays 120kg-160kg dilution.
3. a kind of method of Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 2, the base manure
It is in mass ratio the mixture of 5:2:1 composition for organic fertilizer, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulphate fertilizer；The height of the high ridge is 30cm,
Width is 1m-1.2m.
4. a kind of method of Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to set up in step 3
Frame method particularly includes: do pile column with timber or reinforced concrete, be separated by 3m-4m between two stake columns, embark on journey anyhow, use
Plastic steel wire or aluminum cald steel wire, which are straightened, to be fixed on a column, and plastic wire is then laid on plastic steel wire or aluminum cald steel wire and is drawn
Tightly.
5. a kind of method of Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 4, the arhat
Fruit seedling is tissue culture virus-elimination seedlings, plant height 5cm or more, well developed root system, 3-5 piece healthy leaves.
6. a kind of method of Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 5, the liquid manure
For well-rotted farmyard manure is diluted 800-1000 times of gained with water.
7. a kind of method of Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the farmyard manure is pig
Excrement, cow dung or chicken manure.
8. a kind of method of Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 9, the strong fruit
Fertilizer is that well-rotted farmyard manure 0.5kg and compound fertilizer 0.5kg are applied in every plant of root.
9. a kind of method of Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the farmyard manure is pig
Excrement, cow dung or chicken manure；In the compound fertilizer, N, P2O5And K2Mass percentage summation >=45%, N, the quality of P, K of O three
Than for 15:15:15.
10. a kind of method of Siraitia grosvenorii high-yield culturing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described anti-in step 11
The specific method of insect pest of curing the disease is:
(1) snail, slug are trapped and killed: using mass percent for 6% methaldehyde granule, spreads fertilizer over the fields 400g-500g per acre,
It is even to spread fertilizer over the fields around Siraitia grosvenorii seedling root；
(2) it prevents and treats prodenia litura: using 750 times of liquid of 8000IU/ μ L Dipel, spray blade back, spray 30L-45L per acre；
(3) it prevents and treats Lo Han Guo fruit fly: according to parts by weight, 6 portions of brown sugar, 3 portions of vinegar and 11 parts of water being taken to be configured to sugar-vinegar liquid, dispense
In aperture plastic bottle, suspension is in the planting field.
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| CN110574622A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2019-12-17 | 广西壮族自治区科学技术情报研究所 | Method for large-scale planting of high-yield momordica grosvenori |
| CN111373996A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-07-07 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | High-yield cultivation method for momordica grosvenori |
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| CN110537467A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-06 | 贵州百灵企业集团制药股份有限公司 | polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling growing method |
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