CN110537467A - polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling growing method - Google Patents
polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling growing method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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Abstract
the invention discloses a polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling method, which comprises the following steps of A, preparing greenhouse infrastructure; B. selecting seeds; C. seed coating: coating the seeds with a suspended seed coating agent of fludioxonil in the next 3-4 months; D. preparing a seedling bed: deeply ploughing over 20cm, removing impurities, harrowing fine soil blocks, and getting up; E. sowing: in the next 3-4 months, sowing the coated seeds on a seedling bed in a furrow mode, wherein the sowing amount is 20-25 g/m 2; F. covering: after sowing, covering soil on the surface of the compartment with dry needle-shaped leaves, arranging a drip irrigation tape on the surface of the compartment, and watering; G. field management: comprises water supply, weeding, fertilization, mulch management and comprehensive pest control; h, lifting seedlings. The method has the advantages of high propagation coefficient, contribution to large-area popularization and planting, no variety degradation, more stable medicinal material quality, simple operation, short seedling culture period and lower cost, and is suitable for large-scale production.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to the technical field of polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling culture methods, in particular to a polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling culture method.
background
rhizoma Polygonati, also known as rhizoma Zingiberis recens, herba Cynanchi Stauntonii. Is dried rhizome of Polygonatum kingianum (Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl.) of Liliaceae, Polygonatum sibiricum Red (Polygonatum sibiricum Red.) or Polygonatum multiflorum (Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua.), and is perennial medicinal material. The rhizoma polygonati is mainly produced in Guizhou, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Yunnan, Hubei, Anhui, Henan, Hebei and other provinces. Rhizoma Polygonati can be used as both medicine and food, and has effects of invigorating spleen, moistening lung, nourishing yin, and promoting fluid production. Has been used for more than 2000 years and is widely applied to the fields of medicines, health care products and the like. The usage amount of rhizoma Polygonati is large, 243 Chinese patent medicine varieties using rhizoma Polygonati as raw material medicinal materials are searched by searching for medicine standards such as "Chinese pharmacopoeia" 2015 edition I, "national medicine and traditional Chinese medicine standards", "Chinese medicine standards issued by Ministry of health", "new medicine-to-Chinese medicine standards", and the like, and 170 health products are processed by using rhizoma Polygonati as raw material. According to incomplete statistics, the annual demand of the sealwort in China is about 8000 tons, the annual demand is continuously increased, the export quantity of the sealwort is large, and the market gap is large. The problem of the industry development of the polygonatum sibiricum can be solved only by carrying out standardized planting on the polygonatum sibiricum and carrying out comprehensive research and development on related products, and the problem is also a future development way of the polygonatum sibiricum industry, and the first problem to be solved by the future development way of the polygonatum sibiricum industry is to improve the seed seedling quality of the polygonatum sibiricum. The method has the advantages of popularizing the excellent variety vigorously, exerting the yield increase potential of the seed seedlings and being a key measure for promoting the high quality and high yield of the Chinese medicine planting.
the traditional sealwort planting method mainly adopts a rhizome and plant division propagation mode, but the seed and rhizome are large in seed quantity, easy to rot, low in seedling survival rate, easy to cause diseases and insect pests, low in propagation coefficient, not beneficial to large-area popularization and planting, and easy to cause variety degradation due to long-term asexual propagation, so that the quality of medicinal materials is unstable. Wu Weichun et al found that under natural conditions, polygonatum seeds can emerge only after going through 2 winter dormancy, and by Zhang Mei et al, polygonatum seeds are considered not to sprout immediately after sowing but to go through a long dormancy period, and polygonatum seeds belong to comprehensive dormancy, namely, the seeds are caused by the combined action of factors such as seed coats, embryos, endosperms, endogenous inhibitors, endogenous hormones and the like. People shorten the sealwort seed seedling raising time through various complex measures such as soaking by using a growth regulator, sterilization, sand storage stratification, germination acceleration and the like, and initially realize the breeding of the sealwort seeds, but relatively speaking, the traditional seed seedling raising method has complex operation steps and high cost and is difficult to realize large-scale production. Therefore, the sealwort is planted and propagated in a rhizome and plant division mode, the propagation coefficient is low, large-area popularization and planting are not facilitated, the variety degradation is easy to cause, and the quality of medicinal materials is unstable; in the traditional seed seedling raising method, the seedling raising period is too long in natural seedling raising, and the operation steps are complex and the cost is high in germination accelerating seedling raising, so that large-scale production is difficult to realize.
disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to provide a polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling method. The method has the advantages of high propagation coefficient, contribution to large-area popularization and planting, no variety degradation, more stable medicinal material quality, simple operation, short seedling culture period and lower cost, and is suitable for large-scale production.
the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a greenhouse seedling raising method for Polygonatum kingianum seeds comprises the following steps,
A. preparing greenhouse infrastructure: building a multi-span greenhouse, wherein a greenhouse film is arranged outside the multi-span greenhouse, and the periphery of the greenhouse film and the greenhouse top can be opened and closed; the shed top is provided with a sunshade net; a drip irrigation system is arranged in the shed;
B. seed selection: collecting mature polygonatum kingianum fruits in 10-11 months, stacking and fermenting, removing peel and pulp when the peel is soft and easy to break, washing to obtain clean seeds, spreading the clean seeds, airing, and storing in a room;
C. Seed coating: taking out the seeds treated in the step B in 3-4 months next year, and coating the polygonatum kingianum seeds with a fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent;
D. preparing a seedling bed: deeply ploughing over 20cm, removing broken stones and perennial root impurities, harrowing fine soil blocks, and getting up;
E. sowing: c, in the next 3-4 months, furrow sowing the seeds obtained in the step C on a seedling bed, furrow sowing one by one according to the row spacing of 5cm and 5cm, covering 1.5-2.0 cm of soil after dibbling, and sowing the seeds at 20-25 g/m 2;
F. covering: after sowing, uniformly covering soil on the surface of the compartment with dry needle-shaped leaves, arranging a drip irrigation tape on the surface of the compartment, and watering;
G. Field management:
(1) and water supply: watering in time according to the soil condition to ensure that the water content of the soil is 12.0-18.5 percent;
(2) and weeding: artificial weeding is adopted, and early removal and small removal are realized;
(3) And fertilizing: after the seedlings emerge in 5-6 months, topdressing is started when more than 80% of seedlings are spread, water-soluble compound fertilizer is added with water for dissolving and diluting, and then the mixture is uniformly sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and then the topdressing is performed once every 15-20 days, and the topdressing is performed for four times continuously, and the compound fertilizer is uniformly spread on the compartment surface in the middle and later periods, and then the topdressing is performed once every 30-45 days;
(4) and management of the covering: when the emergence rate is more than 50%, removing the covering;
(5) and comprehensively preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests: treating the compartment surface after getting up, and spraying the seedbed after mixing the phoxim missible oil and the hymexazol wettable powder; after the diseases and pests are infected, refined metalaxyl-manganese-zinc water dispersible granules or metalaxyl-hymexazol water aqua are sprayed to prevent damping-off, chlorothalonil wettable powder or prochloraz water emulsion is sprayed to prevent leaf spot, high-efficiency cypermethrin water emulsion is sprayed to prevent cabbage caterpillar and prodenia litura, high-chlorine acetamiprid microemulsion is sprayed to prevent cabbage caterpillar, prodenia litura and aphid, avermectin emulsion or bifenazate suspending agent is sprayed to prevent red spider, and metalaxyl granule is spread to prevent slug;
H, lifting seedlings: after cultivating for 9-10 months, digging the whole plant with roots when the length of the seedling is more than 12cm, the diameter of the root tuber is more than 20mm and the number of the root is more than 8.
in the polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling culture method, in the step A, the greenhouse films on the periphery of the multi-span greenhouse and the roof are opened and closed through an automatic film rolling machine, the sunshade net is an aluminum foil sunshade net, the drip irrigation system is an automatic water and fertilizer drip irrigation system, the total height of the multi-span greenhouse is 5.3m, the multi-span greenhouse is composed of 6-10 arched sheds, the span of each arched shed is 8m, the single arched sheds are connected through main upright columns, the height of each main upright column is 3.5m, and the row spacing of the upright columns is 4m multiplied by 8 m. The greenhouse condition is suitable for the stable and rapid growth of the sealwort seedlings.
In the polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling culture method, in the step A, the operation parameters of the multi-span greenhouse are that the air humidity is 50-80%, the water content of the seedbed soil is 12.0-18.5%, the temperature is 5-25 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 3500-4500 lx micro-shading environment. The operation parameters are suitable for the stable and rapid growth of the sealwort seedlings.
In the polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling culture method, in the step A, opening a ventilation opening of a greenhouse film and/or closing a sunshade net for cooling when the temperature is higher than 25 ℃; dehumidifying with 40% chlorothalonil when the humidity is higher than 80%; the illumination is adjusted by opening and closing the aluminum foil sunshade net according to the weather conditions.
in the polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling culture method, in the step A, a UV2792AD type PEP film is adopted as a greenhouse film of the multi-span greenhouse, the drip irrigation system is an f-16 fertilizer drop easy water and fertilizer system of Beijing Avida science and technology Limited, and the opening and closing of the aluminum foil sunshade net are controlled by the sunshade system.
In the polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling culture method, in the step B, the seeds are spread to be 1.5-3.0 cm thin and dried, the seeds are frequently turned over and dried, and the airing tool needs to be ventilated and ventilated.
in the method for raising seedlings of polygonatum kingianum seeds in a greenhouse, in the step C, the coating method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 1kg of dried polygonatum kingianum seeds with 10ml of 62.5g/L of fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent, covering the seeds with a towel for 2 hours, taking out the seeds, spreading and airing the seeds on a ventilated container, spreading the seeds, and repeatedly airing the seeds until the agent on the surfaces of the seeds is dried.
in the polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling raising method, in the step D, the seeds are raised according to the width of a compartment of 1.0-1.2 m, the height of the compartment of 15-20 cm and the width of a compartment ditch of 40-50 cm. The seedbed parameters are suitable for stable and rapid growth of the sealwort seedlings.
In the polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling raising method, in the step E, in the next 3-4 months, the seeds obtained in the step C are sowed on a seedling raising bed in a furrow mode, the seeds are sowed one by one in a furrow mode according to the row spacing of 5cm and 5cm, namely, the seeds are sowed in the furrow mode, newly-opened soil covers the sowed furrows by 1.5-2.0 cm, and the seeding amount is about 20-25 g/m 2.
in the polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling raising method, in the step F, the dry needle-shaped leaves are dry pine needles.
in the polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling method, the step G- (1) is to timely water according to the soil condition, mainly carry out automatic drip irrigation and assist a water pump to carry out artificial irrigation, so that the water content of the soil is 12.0-18.5%.
in the polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling raising method, in the step G- (2), when weeding, the peripheral polygonatum kingianum seedlings are kept by pressing the base parts of the large weeds with the left hand, and the weeds are pulled out with the right hand.
in the polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling method, the step G- (3) is fertilization: after seedling emergence is completed in 5-6 months, topdressing is started when more than 80% of seedlings are spread to leaves, water-soluble compound fertilizers containing more than or equal to 19% of N, more than or equal to 19% of P2O5, more than or equal to 19% of K2O and more than or equal to 57% of total nutrients are dissolved and diluted to 0.1% and then uniformly sprayed on leaf surfaces, topdressing is performed once every 15-20 days and for four times, compound fertilizers containing more than or equal to 15% of N, more than or equal to 15% of P2O5, more than or equal to 15% of K2O and more than or equal to 45% of total nutrients are uniformly scattered on compartment surfaces at the rate of 10-15 kg/667m2 in the middle and later periods, and topdressing is performed once.
In the polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling raising method, in the step G- (5), the comprehensive pest and disease damage prevention is realized by treating the surface of a compartment after the compartment rises, using 1000-1500 times of solution of 40% phoxim emulsifiable solution to prevent underground pests, using 3000 times of solution of 70% hymexazol wettable powder to prevent soil-borne diseases, mixing the two solutions, spraying a seedbed, sealing the compartment, closing the compartment, and sowing the seeds for 7-10 days; after the insect is infected, damping-off is prevented by spraying 800-1000 times of liquid of 68% refined metalaxyl-manganese-zinc water dispersible granules or 1500-2000 times of liquid of 3% metalaxyl-hymexazol water aqua, leaf spot is prevented by spraying 2000-3000 times of liquid of 800-1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 45% prochloraz water emulsion, cabbage caterpillar and spodoptera litura are prevented by spraying 1500-2000 times of liquid of 4.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin water emulsion, red spider is prevented by spraying 1000-1500 times of liquid of 7.5% high-chlorine acetamiprid microemulsion, and slug is prevented by spraying 2000-3000 times of liquid of 2000-3000 times of 10.5% avermectin emulsion or 2000-3000 times of liquid of 43% bifenazate suspension, and slug is prevented by spreading 6% tetra-aldehyde granules at the amount of 500-600 g/mu.
In the polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling raising method, in the step G- (5), the comprehensive pest and disease damage prevention is realized by treating the surface of a compartment after the compartment rises, using 1000-1500 times of solution of 40% phoxim emulsifiable solution to prevent underground pests, using 3000 times of solution of 70% hymexazol wettable powder to prevent soil-borne diseases, mixing the two solutions, spraying a seedbed, sealing the compartment, closing the compartment, and sowing the seeds for 7-10 days; after the disease is affected, the disease is controlled by a physical control method and/or a chemical control method, wherein the physical control method comprises the steps of manually removing diseased plants and scattering lime powder at the affected part; the chemical prevention method is that the damping-off is prevented and treated by spraying 800-1000 times of liquid of 68% refined methyl cream-manganese zinc water dispersible granules or 1500-2000 times of liquid of 3% methyl cream-hymexazol water aqua for 2-3 times, and the two agents are alternately used; spraying 800-1000 times of solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 2000-3000 times of solution of 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion for 2-3 times to prevent and control leaf spot, wherein the two agents are alternately used; after insect damage occurs, the insect damage is controlled by a physical control method and/or a chemical method, wherein the physical control method is to manually search for larvae and kill the larvae; the chemical control method is that when cabbage caterpillar and prodenia litura reach more than 0.5 per m2, 1500-2000 times of liquid of 4.5 percent high-efficiency cypermethrin aqueous emulsion or 1000-1500 times of liquid of 7.5 percent perchloro acetamiprid microemulsion are sprayed for 2-3 times, and the two agents are alternately used; when the aphids and the red spiders reach more than 20 per m2, spraying 1000-1500 times of liquid of 7.5 percent perchloric acetamiprid microemulsion to prevent and control the aphids, spraying 2000-3000 times of liquid of 10.5 percent avermectin emulsifiable concentrate or 2000-3000 times of liquid of 43 percent bifenazate suspending agent for 2-3 times to prevent and control the red spiders, and alternately using the two medicaments; when the land slug reaches more than 0.5/m 2, 500-600 g/mu of 6% metaldehyde granules are used for broadcasting to control the land slug.
Compared with the prior art, the sowing mode of the invention is beneficial to regular seedling emergence and is convenient for large-scale and demonstration planting; the greenhouse condition, seedbed condition and plant-row spacing parameters of the invention are suitable for the stable and rapid growth of the polygonatum sibiricum seedlings; the field management mode of the invention can ensure the water and fertilizer requirements during the growth period of polygonatum kingianum seedlings and effectively prevent and control diseases, pests and weeds; under the sowing density of 20-25 g/m2, the polygonatum kingianum seedling can realize the yield of more than 15 ten thousand plants per mu, the transplanting survival rate is more than 90%, and the production efficiency of the polygonatum kingianum seedling is greatly improved; compared with the traditional Polygonatum kingianum seed seedling culture method, the Polygonatum kingianum seedling cultured by the method can be outplanted 1 year after sowing, the series of complex processes of seed treatment are simplified on the premise of ensuring the rate of emergence, the yield is high, the benefit is high, the growth factors are easy to control, and good economic and social benefits can be realized. The polygonatum kingianum seedling is cultivated according to the method, the operation is simple, the seedling period is short, the emergence rate is high, the seedling is robust, the propagation coefficient is high, and the survival rate after transplanting is high. The method is simple and easy to operate, and is more suitable for large-scale standardized demonstration seedling raising of enterprises. The method has the advantages of high propagation coefficient, contribution to large-area popularization and planting, no variety degradation, more stable medicinal material quality, simple operation, short seedling culture period and lower cost, and is suitable for large-scale production.
Detailed Description
the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1. A polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling culture method adopts a greenhouse cultivation mode and comprises the following steps:
A. greenhouse infrastructure:
(1) Designing a greenhouse: the total height of the multi-span greenhouse is 5.3m, the height of main upright columns of the multi-span greenhouse is 3.5m, the row spacing of the upright columns is 4m multiplied by 8m, the multi-span greenhouse is composed of 6-10 arched sheds, the span of a single arched shed is 8m, a UV2792AD PEP film is adopted outside the multi-span greenhouse, the periphery of the multi-span greenhouse and the greenhouse film on the roof are opened and closed through an automatic film rolling machine, an aluminum foil sunshade net is arranged on the roof, the opening and closing of the aluminum foil sunshade net are controlled by a sunshade system, a drip irrigation system is arranged in the greenhouse, and the drip irrigation system is an f-16 fertilizer drop easy-to-drip water and fertilizer system of Beijing Alviga science and technology Limited company;
(2) greenhouse operation parameters: the air humidity is 50% -65%, the water content of the seedbed soil is 12.0% -15.0%, the temperature is 5-20 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 3500-4000 lx micro-shading environment;
(3) parameter adjustment: opening a ventilation opening of the greenhouse film and/or closing the sunshade net for cooling when the temperature is higher than 25 ℃; dehumidifying with 40% chlorothalonil when the humidity is higher than 80%; adjusting illumination by opening and closing the aluminum foil sunshade net according to weather conditions;
b, seed selection:
(1) Time: 10 months;
(2) the method comprises the following steps: collecting mature polygonatum kingianum fruits, stacking and fermenting, removing peel and pulp when the peel is soft and easy to break, washing to obtain clean seeds, spreading the clean seeds to be 1.5-3.0 cm, airing, and storing indoors;
C, seed coating:
(1) Time: the next 3 months;
(2) the material and the method are as follows: the seed coating is prepared by uniformly mixing 10ml of 62.5g/L refined methyl fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent with 1kg of dried polygonatum kingianum seeds, covering the seeds with a towel for 2 hours, taking out the seeds, spreading and airing the seeds on a ventilated and breathable container, spreading the seeds to 1.5-3.0 cm, and repeatedly airing until the medicament on the surfaces of the seeds is dried.
d, seedling bed preparation:
(1) ploughing: deeply ploughing the land by 20-25 cm, removing impurities such as broken stones and perennial roots, and harrowing fine soil blocks;
(2) getting up: the cage is lifted according to the width of 1.0-1.2 m, the height of the cage is 15-20 cm and the width of the cage ditch is 40-50 cm;
e, sowing:
(1) Time: the next 3 months;
(2) The method comprises the following steps: sowing seeds on a seedling bed in a furrow mode, ditching and dibbling one by one according to the row spacing of 5cm by 5cm, namely ditching and dibbling, wherein newly ditched soil covers the dibbled furrow with the depth of 1.5-2.0 cm and the sowing quantity of about 20-25 g/m 2;
F, covering: after sowing, uniformly covering soil on the surface of the compartment with a dry loosening needle, arranging a drip irrigation tape on the surface of the compartment, and watering;
G, field management:
(1) Water supply: watering in time according to soil conditions, mainly carrying out automatic drip irrigation, and assisting in manual irrigation by using a water pump to ensure that the water content of the soil is 12.0-15.0%;
(2) Weeding: adopting artificial weeding to remove early and small weeds, firstly pressing the large weed base part with the left hand to preserve the peripheral sealwort seedlings, and then removing the weeds with the right hand;
(3) fertilizing: seedling emergence is completed from late ten days of 5 months to late ten days of 6 months, topdressing is started when more than 80% of seedlings are spread, water-soluble compound fertilizers (N is more than or equal to 19%, P2O5 is more than or equal to 19%, K2O is more than or equal to 19%, and total nutrients are more than or equal to 57%) are dissolved and diluted according to 0.1% and then uniformly sprayed on leaf surfaces, topdressing is performed once every 15-20 days and for four times, compound fertilizers (N is more than or equal to 15%, P2O5 is more than or equal to 15%, K2O is more than or equal to 15%, and total nutrients are more than or equal to 45%) are uniformly applied to compartment surfaces at a dose of 10-15 kg/667m2 every 30 days and are applied once;
(4) and (3) management of the covering: the emergence rate reaches 50 percent, and the covering is removed;
(5) And (3) comprehensive pest control: in the preparation work before seedling culture, the compartment surface behind the compartment is treated, 1000-1500 times of solution of 40% phoxim missible oil is used for preventing underground pests, 3000 times of solution of 70% hymexazol wettable powder is used for preventing soil-borne diseases, the two are mixed and sprayed on the compartment surface, and finally the compartment surface is sealed and sealed for 7 days; after the disease is affected, the disease is controlled by a physical control method and/or a chemical control method, wherein the physical control method comprises the steps of manually removing diseased plants and scattering lime powder at the affected part; the chemical prevention method is that the damping-off is prevented and treated by spraying 800-1000 times of solution of 68% refined methyl cream-manganese zinc water dispersible granule or 1500-2000 times of solution of 3% methyl cream-hymexazol water aqua for 2-3 times, and the two agents are alternately used; spraying 800-1000 times of solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 2000-3000 times of solution of 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion for 2-3 times to prevent and control leaf spot, wherein the two agents are alternately used; after insect damage occurs, the insect damage is controlled by a physical control method and/or a chemical method, wherein the physical control method is to manually search for larvae and kill the larvae; the chemical control method is that when cabbage caterpillar and prodenia litura reach more than 0.5 per m2, 1500-2000 times of liquid of 4.5 percent high-efficiency cypermethrin aqueous emulsion or 1000-1500 times of liquid of 7.5 percent perchloro acetamiprid microemulsion are sprayed for 2-3 times, and the two agents are alternately used; when the aphids and the red spiders reach more than 20 per m2, spraying 1000-1500 times of liquid of 7.5 percent perchloric acetamiprid microemulsion to prevent and control the aphids, spraying 2000-3000 times of liquid of 10.5 percent avermectin emulsifiable concentrate or 2000-3000 times of liquid of 43 percent bifenazate suspending agent for 2-3 times to prevent and control the red spiders, and alternately using the two medicaments; when the land slug reaches more than 0.5/m 2, spreading 500-600 g/mu of 6% metaldehyde granules to control the land slug;
h, lifting seedlings: after cultivating for 9-10 months, digging the whole plant with a hoe when the length of the seedling is more than 12cm, the diameter of the root tuber is more than 20mm and the number of the root is more than 8.
example 2. A polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling culture method adopts a greenhouse cultivation mode and comprises the following steps:
A. Greenhouse infrastructure:
(1) Designing a greenhouse: the total height of the multi-span greenhouse is 5.3m, the height of main upright columns of the multi-span greenhouse is 3.5m, the row spacing of the upright columns is 4m multiplied by 8m, the multi-span greenhouse is composed of 6-10 arched sheds, the span of a single arched shed is 8m, a UV2792AD PEP film is adopted outside the multi-span greenhouse, the periphery of the multi-span greenhouse and the greenhouse film on the roof are opened and closed through an automatic film rolling machine, an aluminum foil sunshade net is arranged on the roof, the opening and closing of the aluminum foil sunshade net are controlled by a sunshade system, a drip irrigation system is arranged in the greenhouse, and the automatic drip irrigation system is an f-16 fertilizer drop easy water and fertilizer system of Beijing Avida technology Limited;
(2) Greenhouse operation parameters: the air humidity is 65-80%, the water content of the seedbed soil is 15.0-18.5%, the temperature is 5-25 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 4000-4500 lx micro-shading environment;
(3) Parameter adjustment: opening a ventilation opening of the greenhouse film and/or closing the sunshade net for cooling when the temperature is higher than 25 ℃; dehumidifying with 40% chlorothalonil when the humidity is higher than 80%; adjusting illumination by opening and closing the aluminum foil sunshade net according to weather conditions;
b, seed selection:
(1) Time: month 11;
(2) the method comprises the following steps: collecting mature polygonatum kingianum fruits, stacking and fermenting, removing peel and pulp when the peel is soft and easy to break, washing to obtain clean seeds, spreading the clean seeds to 1.5-3.0 cm, airing, and storing indoors;
C, seed coating:
(1) time: next 4 months;
(2) the material and the method are as follows: the seed coating is prepared by uniformly mixing 10ml of 62.5g/L refined methyl fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent with 1kg of dried polygonatum kingianum seeds, covering the seeds with a towel for 2 hours, taking out the seeds, spreading and airing the seeds on a ventilated and breathable container, spreading the seeds to 1.5-3.0 cm, and repeatedly airing until the medicament on the surfaces of the seeds is dried.
D, seedling bed preparation:
(1) ploughing: deeply ploughing the land by 25-30 cm, removing impurities such as broken stones and perennial roots, and harrowing fine soil blocks;
(2) getting up: the cage is lifted according to the width of 1.0-1.2 m, the height of the cage is 15-20 cm and the width of the cage ditch is 40-50 cm;
e, sowing:
(1) time: next 4 months;
(2) The method comprises the following steps: sowing seeds in a furrow on a seedling bed, ditching and dibbling one by one according to the row spacing of 5cm by 5cm, namely ditching and dibbling, wherein newly ditching soil covers 1.5-2.0 cm of the dibbled furrow, and the sowing quantity is about 20-25 g/m 2;
F, covering: after sowing, uniformly covering soil on the surface of the compartment with a dry loosening needle, arranging a drip irrigation tape on the surface of the compartment, and watering;
g, field management:
(1) Water supply: watering in time according to soil conditions, mainly carrying out automatic drip irrigation, and manually irrigating by using a water pump to ensure that the water content of the soil is 15.0-18.5%;
(2) weeding: adopting artificial weeding to remove early and small weeds, firstly pressing the large weed base part with the left hand to preserve the peripheral sealwort seedlings, and then removing the weeds with the right hand;
(3) fertilizing: seedling emergence is completed in the middle and last ten days of 6 months, topdressing is started when more than 80% of seedlings are spread, water-soluble compound fertilizers (N is more than or equal to 19%, P2O5 is more than or equal to 19%, K2O is more than or equal to 19%, and total nutrients are more than or equal to 57%) are dissolved and diluted according to 0.1% and then uniformly sprayed on leaf surfaces, topdressing is performed once every 20 days and four times, compound fertilizers (N is more than or equal to 15%, P2O5 is more than or equal to 15%, K2O is more than or equal to 15%, and total nutrients are more than or equal to 45%) are uniformly spread on compartment surfaces at a rate of 10-15 kg/667m2, and topdressing is performed once every 45;
(4) and (3) management of the covering: the emergence rate reaches 50 percent, and the covering is removed;
(5) and (3) comprehensive pest control: in the preparation work before seedling culture, the compartment surface behind the compartment is treated, 1000-1500 times of solution of 40% phoxim missible oil is used for preventing underground pests, 3000 times of solution of 70% hymexazol wettable powder is used for preventing soil-borne diseases, the two are mixed and sprayed on the compartment surface, and finally the compartment surface is sealed and sealed for 10 days; after the disease is affected, the disease is controlled by a physical control method and/or a chemical control method, wherein the physical control method comprises the steps of manually removing diseased plants and scattering lime powder at the affected part; the chemical prevention method is that the damping-off is prevented and treated by spraying 800-1000 times of solution of 68% refined methyl cream-manganese zinc water dispersible granule or 1500-2000 times of solution of 3% methyl cream-hymexazol water aqua for 2-3 times, and the two agents are alternately used; spraying 800-1000 times of solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 2000-3000 times of solution of 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion for 2-3 times to prevent and control leaf spot, wherein the two agents are alternately used; after insect damage occurs, the insect damage is controlled by a physical control method and/or a chemical method, wherein the physical control method is to manually search for larvae and kill the larvae; the chemical control method is that when cabbage caterpillar and prodenia litura reach more than 0.5 per m2, 1500-2000 times of liquid of 4.5 percent high-efficiency cypermethrin aqueous emulsion or 1000-1500 times of liquid of 7.5 percent perchloro acetamiprid microemulsion are sprayed for 2-3 times, and the two agents are alternately used; when the aphids and the red spiders reach more than 20 per m2, spraying 1000-1500 times of liquid of 7.5 percent perchloric acetamiprid microemulsion to prevent and control the aphids, spraying 2000-3000 times of liquid of 10.5 percent avermectin emulsifiable concentrate or 2000-3000 times of liquid of 43 percent bifenazate suspending agent for 2-3 times to prevent and control the red spiders, and alternately using the two medicaments; when the land slug reaches more than 0.5/m 2, 6% metaldehyde granules are applied at 500-600 g/mu to control the land slug;
h, lifting seedlings: after cultivating for 9-10 months, digging the whole plant with a hoe when the length of the seedling is more than 12cm, the diameter of the root tuber is more than 20mm and the number of the root is more than 8.
The fertilizers and pesticides in examples 1-2 of the present invention are commercially available from regular manufacturers.
the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling method is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
A. preparing greenhouse infrastructure: building a multi-span greenhouse, wherein a greenhouse film is arranged outside the multi-span greenhouse, and the periphery of the greenhouse film and the greenhouse top can be opened and closed; the shed top is provided with a sunshade net; a drip irrigation system is arranged in the shed;
B. Seed selection: collecting mature polygonatum kingianum fruits in 10-11 months, stacking and fermenting, removing peel and pulp when the peel is soft and easy to break, washing to obtain clean seeds, spreading the clean seeds, airing, and storing in a room;
C. Seed coating: taking out the seeds treated in the step B in 3-4 months next year, and coating the polygonatum kingianum seeds with a fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent;
D. preparing a seedling bed: deeply ploughing over 20cm, removing broken stones and perennial root impurities, harrowing fine soil blocks, and getting up;
E. Sowing: c, in the next 3-4 months, furrow sowing the seeds obtained in the step C on a seedling bed, furrow sowing one by one according to the row spacing of 5cm and 5cm, covering 1.5-2.0 cm of soil after dibbling, and sowing the seeds at 20-25 g/m 2;
F. covering: after sowing, uniformly covering soil on the surface of the compartment with dry needle-shaped leaves, arranging a drip irrigation tape on the surface of the compartment, and watering;
G. field management:
(1) and water supply: watering in time according to the soil condition to ensure that the water content of the soil is 12-18.5 percent;
(2) And weeding: artificial weeding is adopted, and early removal and small removal are realized;
(3) and fertilizing: after the seedlings emerge in 5-6 months, topdressing is started when more than 80% of seedlings are spread, water-soluble compound fertilizer is added with water for dissolving and diluting, and then the mixture is uniformly sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and then the topdressing is performed once every 15-20 days, and the topdressing is performed for four times continuously, and the compound fertilizer is uniformly spread on the compartment surface in the middle and later periods, and then the topdressing is performed once every 30-45 days;
(4) and management of the covering: when the emergence rate is more than 50%, removing the covering;
(5) And comprehensively preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests: treating the compartment surface after getting up, and spraying the seedbed after mixing the phoxim missible oil and the hymexazol wettable powder; after the diseases and pests are infected, refined metalaxyl-manganese-zinc water dispersible granules or metalaxyl-hymexazol water aqua are sprayed to prevent damping-off, chlorothalonil wettable powder or prochloraz water emulsion is sprayed to prevent leaf spot, high-efficiency cypermethrin water emulsion is sprayed to prevent cabbage caterpillar and prodenia litura, high-chlorine acetamiprid microemulsion is sprayed to prevent cabbage caterpillar, prodenia litura and aphid, avermectin emulsion or bifenazate suspending agent is sprayed to prevent red spider, and metalaxyl granule is spread to prevent slug;
h, lifting seedlings: after cultivating for 9-10 months, digging the whole plant with roots when the length of the seedling is more than 12cm, the diameter of the root tuber is more than 20mm and the number of the root is more than 8.
2. the polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step A, the periphery of the multi-span greenhouse and the greenhouse film on the roof are opened and closed through an automatic film rolling machine, the sunshade net is an aluminum foil sunshade net, the drip irrigation system is an automatic water and fertilizer drip irrigation system, the total height of the multi-span greenhouse is 5.3m, the multi-span greenhouse is composed of 6-10 arched sheds, the span of each arched shed is 8m, the single arched sheds are connected through main body stand columns, the height of each main body stand column is 3.5m, and the row spacing of the stand columns is 4m multiplied by 8 m.
3. The polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step A, the operation parameters of the multi-span greenhouse are that the air humidity is 50% -80%, the water content of the seedbed soil is 12.0% -18.5%, the temperature is 5-25 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 3500-4500 lx micro shading environment.
4. The polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: in the step A, opening an air vent of the greenhouse film and/or closing a sunshade net for cooling when the temperature is higher than 25 ℃; dehumidifying with 40% chlorothalonil when the humidity is higher than 80%; the illumination is adjusted by opening and closing the aluminum foil sunshade net according to the weather conditions.
5. The polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and step B, spreading the seeds to 1.5-3.0 cm for airing, and frequently turning over for airing, wherein the airing tool needs to be ventilated.
6. the polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step C, the coating method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 10ml of 62.5g/L refined methyl fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent with 1kg of dried polygonatum kingianum seeds, covering the seeds with a towel for 2 hours, taking out the seeds, spreading and airing the seeds on a ventilated container, spreading the seeds, and repeatedly airing the seeds until the medicament on the surfaces of the seeds is dried.
7. the polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and D, getting up according to the width of the carriage of 1.0-1.2 m, the height of the carriage of 15-20 cm and the width of the carriage ditch of 40-50 cm.
8. the polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and G- (3) fertilizing: after seedling emergence is completed in 5-6 months, topdressing is started when more than 80% of seedlings are spread to leaves, water-soluble compound fertilizers containing more than or equal to 19% of N, more than or equal to 19% of P2O5, more than or equal to 19% of K2O and more than or equal to 57% of total nutrients are dissolved and diluted to 0.1% and then uniformly sprayed on leaf surfaces, topdressing is performed once every 15-20 days and for four times, compound fertilizers containing more than or equal to 15% of N, more than or equal to 15% of P2O5, more than or equal to 15% of K2O and more than or equal to 45% of total nutrients are uniformly scattered on compartment surfaces at the rate of 10-15 kg/667m2 in the middle and later periods, and topdressing is performed once.
9. The polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: g- (5), the comprehensive pest and disease damage prevention is realized by treating the compartment surface after getting up, preventing underground pests by using 1000-1500 times of solution of 40% phoxim emulsifiable solution, preventing soil-borne diseases by using 3000 times of solution of 70% hymexazol wettable powder, mixing the two, spraying a seedbed, sealing a shed, sealing the shed for 7-10 days, and sowing the seeds; after the insect is infected, damping-off is prevented by spraying 800-1000 times of liquid of 68% refined metalaxyl-manganese-zinc water dispersible granules or 1500-2000 times of liquid of 3% metalaxyl-hymexazol water aqua, leaf spot is prevented by spraying 2000-3000 times of liquid of 800-1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 45% prochloraz water emulsion, cabbage caterpillar and spodoptera litura are prevented by spraying 1500-2000 times of liquid of 4.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin water emulsion, red spider is prevented by spraying 1000-1500 times of liquid of 7.5% high-chlorine acetamiprid microemulsion, and slug is prevented by spraying 2000-3000 times of liquid of 2000-3000 times of 10.5% avermectin emulsion or 2000-3000 times of liquid of 43% bifenazate suspension, and slug is prevented by spreading 6% tetra-aldehyde granules at the amount of 500-600 g/mu.
10. the polygonatum kingianum seed greenhouse seedling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: g- (5), the comprehensive pest and disease damage prevention is realized by treating the compartment surface after getting up, preventing underground pests by using 1000-1500 times of solution of 40% phoxim emulsifiable solution, preventing soil-borne diseases by using 3000 times of solution of 70% hymexazol wettable powder, mixing the two, spraying a seedbed, sealing a shed, sealing the shed for 7-10 days, and sowing the seeds; after the disease is affected, the disease is controlled by a physical control method and/or a chemical control method, wherein the physical control method comprises the steps of manually removing diseased plants and scattering lime powder at the affected part; the chemical prevention method is that the damping-off is prevented and treated by spraying 800-1000 times of liquid of 68% refined methyl cream-manganese zinc water dispersible granules or 1500-2000 times of liquid of 3% methyl cream-hymexazol water aqua for 2-3 times, and the two agents are alternately used; spraying 800-1000 times of solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 2000-3000 times of solution of 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion for 2-3 times to prevent and control leaf spot, wherein the two agents are alternately used; after the insect pest occurs, the insect pest is controlled by a physical control method and/or a chemical method, wherein the physical control method is to artificially search for larvae and kill the larvae; the chemical control method is that when cabbage caterpillar and prodenia litura reach more than 0.5 per m2, 1500-2000 times of liquid of 4.5 percent high-efficiency cypermethrin aqueous emulsion or 1000-1500 times of liquid of 7.5 percent perchloro acetamiprid microemulsion are sprayed for 2-3 times, and the two agents are alternately used; when the aphids and the red spiders reach more than 20 per m2, spraying 1000-1500 times of liquid of 7.5 percent perchloric acetamiprid microemulsion to prevent and control the aphids, spraying 2000-3000 times of liquid of 10.5 percent avermectin emulsifiable concentrate or 2000-3000 times of liquid of 43 percent bifenazate suspending agent for 2-3 times to prevent and control the red spiders, and alternately using the two medicaments; when the land slug reaches more than 0.5/m 2, 500-600 g/mu of 6% metaldehyde granules are used for broadcasting to control the land slug.
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Application publication date: 20191206 |