CN102257939A - Method for improving fruit set percentage of mangos - Google Patents
Method for improving fruit set percentage of mangos Download PDFInfo
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- CN102257939A CN102257939A CN2011101170538A CN201110117053A CN102257939A CN 102257939 A CN102257939 A CN 102257939A CN 2011101170538 A CN2011101170538 A CN 2011101170538A CN 201110117053 A CN201110117053 A CN 201110117053A CN 102257939 A CN102257939 A CN 102257939A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving fruit set percentage of mangos. The method comprises the following steps: preparing fruit setting solution; and spraying the fruit setting solution on the mango blossoms in the blooming and fruiting periods, wherein the fruit setting solution is selected from spermine aqueous solution, sodium nitroprusside aqueous solution or aqueous solution of urea, boric acid, sodium molybdate and magnesium sulfate. The method has the beneficial effects of improving the fruit set percentage and proportion of large fruits of mangos and reducing seedless fruits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mango culture technique, particularly a kind of method that improves the mango percentage of fertile fruit.
Background technology
Mango is one of world-renowned tropical fruit (tree).In China hot-zone crop, brought into play important function in the mango production development, and obtained than remarkable economic efficiency and social benefit.But the yield per unit area of China has only 499 kilograms/mu.Therefore, improve mango yield per unit area, become a urgent problem of mango industry development.The mango inflorescence is that panicle is born in Zhi Ding, and petal, calyx and stamen are 5 numbers, and stamen is 1 usually, all the other degenerations.Flower has male flower and hermaphrodite flower and female can spending, with giving birth on an inflorescence.The hermaphrodite flower ratio is generally 5～50%, is lower than 0.5% but also have.The suitable temperature of mango pollination is 18～27 ℃, is lower than 15 ℃ of following pollen tube growths and is just drawn up, and have the pollen of viability can reach 90%, but several hrs just loses vitality.Under the natural conditions, the mango hermaphrodite flower has any pollen that can't accept over half, and fertilization rate generally hangs down 35%.
From the setting to the maturation, mainly contain twice a large amount of shedding at mango, occur in the week of pollination after fertilization for shedding for the first time, mainly because bad the causing of pollination fertilization, shedding for the second time causes owing to embryonic development is bad, occur in 20-30 days of Xie Huahou, current shedding absolute quantity maximum.Therefore, the percentage of fertile fruit of mango is very low, generally only reaches ripe less than 0.5% fruit, and it is crucial improving the mango percentage of fertile fruit.
Over the years, China scientific worker has done a large amount of work, improves the percentage of fertile fruit of mango.These measures comprise and embodying a concentrated reflection of: (1) uses the on the low side and phosphorus of nitrogen, the higher composite fertilizer of potassium content, promotes taking out of flower to send out and improves flower matter.(2) winter, the top was cut in employing, cutting the top adds ringing 2/3 and sprays two variable concentrations of chlormequat 1000PPM, 1500PPM and handle and all can improve the hermaphrodite flower ratio, increase rate is respectively 299.5%, 372.2%, 365.7%, 288.4% of contrast (non-processor, down together).(" improving India's No. 1 mango hermaphrodite flower ratio research preliminary study ", Fujian hotwork science and technology, 1981 01 phases) (3) are bloomed to adopt period in spring and are sprayed α-Nai Yisuan 200PPM and 1% urea liquid, also can improve the hermaphrodite flower ratio, are respectively 352.7% and 300.4% of contrast.(" improve India No. 1 mango hermaphrodite flower ratio research preliminary study ", Fujian hotwork science and technology, 1981 01 phases) (4) use 2 of 10PPM-15PPM, and the Gibberellins solution of 4-D or 50PPM-100PPM spends the back every spray in 15-20 days once thanking, 2-3 time continuously.(5) anti-season mango in Hainan is through after using paclobutrazol, takes out tip rate and the hermaphrodite flower ratio is greatly improved.But percentage of fertile fruit still is not greatly improved.Especially all the more so on the bright mango of the very large gold of economic worth and highest-ranking imperial concubine's mango kind in recent years.And be accompanied by the popularization of Hainan anti-season mango production technology, a large amount of stenospermocarpys has appearred, how its ratio improves the setting ratio of No. 1, platform farming, highest-ranking imperial concubine's Jin Huanghe fruit more than 70～90%, and the ratio that reduces stenospermocarpy is the great problem that we face.
Though many new technologies have appearred, for example, and Chinese patent publication number 1256870, in open day on June 21st, 2000, name is called " mixture for reducing fruit drop ", discloses prescription to be: 80%2,4-D sodium salt 1 gram, Zhejiang produce high concentration (4ppm) basic element of cell division 10 grams, gibberellin 0.4 gram, drop-proof agent 5 grams, nitrogen 8 grams, phosphorus 6.3 grams, potassium 23.8 grams, zinc 0.2 gram, borax 5.2 grams, calcium 0.4 gram, magnesium 0.15 gram, compound alkene soil 10 grams, more than 12 kinds of medicaments be dissolved in altogether in 15 kg of water, thank and spend back spray 1 time, sprayed 1 time every 15 days, its weak point is that medicament kind is various again, the cost height is unfavorable for marketing.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem solved by the invention provides a kind of method that improves the mango percentage of fertile fruit, can improve the percentage of fertile fruit and the megalocarpous ratio of mango, reduces stenospermocarpy.
In order to solve the technical problem of above-mentioned existence, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of method that improves the mango percentage of fertile fruit comprises:
Prepare the solution of bearing fruit;
In the florescence and the phase of bearing fruit, spray the described solution of bearing fruit to the mango flower.
Further: the described solution of bearing fruit is chosen the spermine aqueous solution or the sodium nitroprussiate aqueous solution.
Further: described concentration with the sodium nitroprussiate aqueous solution is 0.10mol/l, 0.05mol/l or 0.01mol/l.
Further: selecting sodium nitroprussiate concentration for use is that 0.05mol/l and polysorbas20 concentration are the solution of bearing fruit of 0.1%mol/l, and is that main full tree crown sprays 1 time with the flower at Flowers ending, sprays 1-2 time with the same manner in 7-10 days behind the Flowers ending again.
Further: described spermine concentration of aqueous solution is 10
-5Mol/l, 10
-4Mol/l, 10
-3Mol/l, 10
-2Mol/l or 10
-1Mol/l.
Further: in the described spermine aqueous solution, spermine concentration is 10
-5Mol/l, polysorbas20 concentration is 0.1%mol/l, is that main full tree crown sprays 1 time with the flower at Flowers ending, sprays 1-2 time with the same manner in 7-10 days behind the Flowers ending again.
Further: the described solution of bearing fruit is chosen urea, boric acid, sodium molybdate and magnesium sulfate solution.
Further: the concentration of described urea is 0.2%mol/l, and the concentration of described boric acid is 0.1%mol/l, and the concentration of described sodium molybdate is 0.30%mol/l, and the concentration of described magnesium sulfate is 0.10%mol/l.
Further: the concentration of described urea is 0.2%mol/l, the concentration of described boric acid is 0.1%mol/l, the concentration of described sodium molybdate is 0.30%mol/l, the concentration of described magnesium sulfate is 0.10%mol/l, calcium chloride concentration is 0.3%mol/l, the concentration of polysorbas20 is 0.1%mol/l, is that main full tree crown sprays 1 time with the flower at Flowers ending, sprays 1-2 time with the same manner in 7-10 days behind the Flowers ending again.
Further: at Flowers ending, taking with the flower is that main full tree crown sprays 1 time, and the 10 days front and back of bearing fruit were with the same manner spray 1-2 time with the same manner spray 1-2 time in 7-10 days.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1,30 days statistics behind the setting, the percentage of fertile fruit of raising mango is about 3 times of contrast, and has improved the megalocarpous ratio of mango, has reduced the ratio of stenospermocarpy.
2, the medicament low price is economical and practical, has the marketing prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart that improves the method for mango percentage of fertile fruit among the present invention.
Embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment technical solution of the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, be the flow chart that improves the method for mango percentage of fertile fruit among the present invention.The method step that improves the mango percentage of fertile fruit comprises:
Step 1, the preparation solution of bearing fruit;
The solution of bearing fruit can be selected the spermine aqueous solution, the sodium nitroprussiate aqueous solution, or urea, boric acid, sodium molybdate and magnesium sulfate solution.
Step 2, in the florescence and the phase of bearing fruit, spray the solution of bearing fruit to mango flower.
Embodiment 1
Step 11: the spermine aqueous solution of preparation variable concentrations.
With spermine (chemical name: OS-dimethyl amido thiophosphate, molecular formula: (CH3O) 2SPNH2) add that to be mixed with concentration in the entry respectively be 10
-5Mol/l, 10
-4Mol/l, 10
-3Mol/l, 10
-2Mol/l or 10
-1Stir under the aqueous solution of mol/l, normal temperature.Further, paste for the ease of the spermine aqueous solution and to adhere to floral leaf sheet surface and be unlikely to landing and get off, when stating the spermine aqueous solution in the use, add polysorbas20 (chemical name: Tween 20, molecular formula: C58H114O26) by concentration ratio (0.1-0.15%) mixed preparing.
Step 12: to bearing fruit back 10 days in, spray the spermine aqueous solution to the mango flower at Flowers ending.
Select the Sheng fruit tree of same kind, form the A group as No. 1, platform farming or golden bright mango, every group is at least 3 strains, chooses the consistent inflorescence 5-10 bar of blooming in the middle and upper part of every strain tree body periphery, and the mark of listing writes down every flower quantity of handling inflorescence.
At Flowers ending with sprayer with the spermine aqueous solution, taking with flower is that main full tree is sprayed 1 time, 7-10 days with the same manner spray 1 time again, bears fruit before and after 10 days also to spray 1 sprinkling 3 times at most with the same manner.In the above-mentioned sprinkling process, the spermine concentration of aqueous solution can choose 10
-5Mol/l, 10
-4Mol/l, 10
-3Mol/l, 10
-2Mol/l or 10
-1Mol/l any one, the spermine aqueous solution that also can at every turn choose variable concentrations sprays.Optimal way is that using the spermine concentration of aqueous solution is 10
-5Mol/l and polysorbas20 concentration are 0.1%, are that main full tree crown sprays 1 time with the flower at Flowers ending, spray 1-2 time with the same manner in 7-10 days again.
The number of record setting reality behind the physiology fallen flowers is for the first time spent back 30 days and is calculated percentage of fertile fruit thanking.Before fruit maturation, gather at random respectively normal fruit and embryo abortion fruit more than 20 calculate its average volume of fruits and weight, calculating fruit capacitive sugar content.Handle CK contrast (spraying clear water usually), as can be seen, percentage of fertile fruit of fruit tree and big fruit ratio are significantly improved, and contrast the result referring to seeing Table 1.
Embodiment 2
Step 21: sodium nitroprussiate (Na2Fe (CN) 5NO.2H2O) aqueous solution of preparation variable concentrations.
Sodium nitroprussiate added be mixed with the aqueous solution that concentration is 0.10mol/l, 0.05mol/l or 0.01mol/l in the entry respectively, stir under the normal temperature; In use, add polysorbas20 again, polysorbas20 concentration is different because of plant, the aqueous solution is pasted adhere to floral leaf sheet surface to be unlikely to landing and be got off.
Step 22: to bearing fruit back 10 days in, spray the sodium nitroprussiate aqueous solution to the mango flower at Flowers ending.
Select No., the Sheng fruit tree of same kind such as platform farming or golden bright mango to become the B group, every group is at least 1 strain, chooses 5～10 of the consistent inflorescences of blooming in the middle and upper part of every strain tree body periphery, and the mark of listing writes down the quantity of the inflorescence flower of each processing.
At Flowers ending with sprayer with the above-mentioned sodium nitroprussiate aqueous solution, taking with flower is main full tree sprinkling 1 time, sprays 1-2 time again with the same manner in 7-10 days, sprays at most 3 times.In the above-mentioned sprinkling process, the sodium nitroprussiate concentration of aqueous solution can choose 0.10mol/l, 0.05mol/l or 0.01mol/l any one, the spermine aqueous solution that also can at every turn choose variable concentrations sprays.Optimal way: selecting sodium nitroprussiate concentration for use is that 0.05mol/l and polysorbas20 concentration are the above-mentioned aqueous solution of 0.1%mol/l, is that main full tree crown sprays 1 time with the flower at Flowers ending, sprays 1-2 time with the same manner in 7-10 days behind the Flowers ending again.
Write down the number of setting reality for the first time behind the physiology fallen flowers, 30 days calculating percentages of fertile fruit behind setting.Before fruit maturation, gather at random respectively normal fruit and embryo abortion fruit more than 20 calculate its average volume of fruits, weight and fruit capacitive sugar content respectively.Handle CK contrast (spraying clear water usually), percentage of fertile fruit of fruit tree and big fruit ratio have raising as can be seen.
Embodiment 3
Step 31: preparation urea, boric acid, sodium molybdate and magnesium sulfate solution.
Medicament urea, boric acid, sodium molybdate and magnesium sulfate are added in the entry, and the concentration of urea is 0.2%mol/l in the solution, and the concentration of boric acid is 0.1%mol/l, and the concentration of sodium molybdate is 0.30%mol/l, and the concentration of magnesium sulfate is 0.10%mol/l.Also can add calcium chloride, in the solution, calcium chloride concentration can be 0.1%mol/l, 0.3%mol/l or 0.5%mol/l, stirs under the normal temperature.The above-mentioned in use aqueous solution, different because of plant, add polysorbas20 again, the aqueous solution is pasted adhere to floral leaf sheet surface to be unlikely to landing and be got off.
Step 32: to bearing fruit back 10 days in, spray urea, boric acid, sodium molybdate and magnesium sulfate solution to the mango flower at Flowers ending.
Select No., the Sheng fruit tree of same kind such as platform farming or golden bright mango to become the C group, every group is at least 1 strain, chooses the consistent inflorescence 5-10 bar of blooming in the middle and upper part of every strain tree body periphery, and the mark of listing writes down the quantity of the inflorescence flower of each processing.
At Flowers ending with sprayer with the above-mentioned aqueous solution, taking with flower is main full tree sprinkling 1 time, sprays 1-2 time again with the same manner in 7-10 days, sprays at most 3 times.Optimal way: the concentration of urea is 0.2%mol/l, the concentration of boric acid is 0.1%mol/l, the concentration of sodium molybdate is 0.30%mol/l, the concentration of magnesium sulfate is 0.10%mol/l, calcium chloride concentration is 0.3%mol/1, the concentration of polysorbas20 is 0.1%mol/l, is that main full tree crown sprays 1 time with the flower at Flowers ending, sprays 1-2 time with the same manner in 7-10 days behind the Flowers ending again.
Write down the number of setting reality for the first time behind the physiology fallen flowers, 30 days calculating percentages of fertile fruit behind setting.Before fruit maturation, gather at random respectively normal fruit and embryo abortion fruit more than 20 calculate its average volume of fruits, weight and fruit capacitive sugar content respectively.By CK contrast spray clear water, percentage of fertile fruit of fruit tree and big fruit ratio are significantly improved, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Among above-mentioned 3 embodiment,, be used in combination effect and be the accumulative total effect if two kinds of medicaments do not produce chemical reaction each other, otherwise, be used alone medicament.
Table one
Through experimental result investigation and analysis, 30 days statistics behind the setting find that two kinds of reagent in the experiment can improve the percentage of fertile fruit of mango under suitable concentration, compare significant difference with contrast, be about three times of contrast, and improved the megalocarpous ratio of mango, reduced the ratio of stenospermocarpy.The medicament low price that is adopted is economical and practical.
Claims (10)
1. method that improves the mango percentage of fertile fruit comprises:
Prepare the solution of bearing fruit;
In the florescence and the phase of bearing fruit, spray the described solution of bearing fruit to the mango flower.
2. the method for raising mango percentage of fertile fruit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the described solution of bearing fruit is chosen the spermine aqueous solution or the sodium nitroprussiate aqueous solution.
3. the method for raising mango percentage of fertile fruit as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: described concentration with the sodium nitroprussiate aqueous solution is 0.10mol/l, 0.05mol/l or 0.01mol/l.
4. the method for raising mango percentage of fertile fruit as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: selecting sodium nitroprussiate concentration for use is that 0.05mol/l and polysorbas20 concentration are the solution of bearing fruit of 0.1%mol/l, at Flowers ending is that main full tree crown sprays 1 time with the flower, sprays 1-2 time with the same manner in 7-10 days behind the Flowers ending again.
5. the method for raising mango percentage of fertile fruit as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: described spermine concentration of aqueous solution is 10
-5Mol/l, 10
-4Mol/l, 10
-3Mol/l, 10
-2Mol/l or 10
-1Mol/l.
6. the method for raising mango percentage of fertile fruit as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: in the described spermine aqueous solution, spermine concentration is 10
-5Mol/l, polysorbas20 concentration is 0.1%mol/l, is that main full tree crown sprays 1 time with the flower at Flowers ending, sprays 1-2 time with the same manner in 7-10 days behind the Flowers ending again.
7. the method for raising mango percentage of fertile fruit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the described solution of bearing fruit is chosen urea, boric acid, sodium molybdate and magnesium sulfate solution.
8. the method for raising mango percentage of fertile fruit as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: the concentration of described urea is 0.2%mol/l, the concentration of described boric acid is 0.1%mol/l, and the concentration of described sodium molybdate is 0.30%mol/l, and the concentration of described magnesium sulfate is 0.10%mol/l.
9. the method for raising mango percentage of fertile fruit as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: the concentration of described urea is 0.2%mol/l, the concentration of described boric acid is 0.1%mol/l, the concentration of described sodium molybdate is 0.30%mol/l, the concentration of described magnesium sulfate is 0.10%mol/l, and calcium chloride concentration is 0.3%mol/l, and the concentration of polysorbas20 is 0.1%mol/l, at Flowers ending is that main full tree crown sprays 1 time with the flower, sprays 1-2 time with the same manner in 7-10 days behind the Flowers ending again.
10. as the method for claim 1,2,3,5,7 or 8 each described raising mango percentages of fertile fruit, it is characterized in that: at Flowers ending, taking with the flower is that main full tree crown sprays 1 time, and the 10 days front and back of bearing fruit were with the same manner spray 1-2 time with the same manner spray 1-2 time in 7-10 days.
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104396414A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-03-11 | 黄岚 | Production method for selenium-rich mangos |
| CN106220348A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-14 | 北海康维生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of Fructus Mangifera Indicae fruit retention method |
| CN106258718A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-01-04 | 北海康维生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method of Fructus Mangifera Indicae flower and fruit protecting |
| CN106332723A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-01-18 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Tree body management method for improving uniformity of mango fruits |
| CN108738982A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-11-06 | 申琳 | A kind of method that the prevention and control mango florescence damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature |
| CN109042002A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-12-21 | 广西田阳县创新农业综合开发有限公司 | A kind of selenium-rich mango implantation methods |
| CN110226599A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-09-13 | 广西大学 | A kind of mango diastrous weather realization guarantor production later avoids the preparation and application method of total crop failure |
| CN111194660A (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2020-05-26 | 玉林市沃柑研究所 | Flower and fruit management method for winter season-reversed Or oranges |
| CN112514718B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2023-05-02 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Method for obtaining fine-core type golden phoenix mango embryoless fruit |
| CN112544327B (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2023-05-30 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Method for improving proportion of non-embryogenic fruits of golden phoenix mangoes |
| CN112568046B (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2023-05-30 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Method for reducing pulp fibers of non-embryogenic fruits of golden phoenix mangoes |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104396414A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-03-11 | 黄岚 | Production method for selenium-rich mangos |
| CN106220348A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-14 | 北海康维生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of Fructus Mangifera Indicae fruit retention method |
| CN106258718A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-01-04 | 北海康维生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method of Fructus Mangifera Indicae flower and fruit protecting |
| CN106332723A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-01-18 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Tree body management method for improving uniformity of mango fruits |
| CN108738982A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-11-06 | 申琳 | A kind of method that the prevention and control mango florescence damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature |
| CN109042002A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-12-21 | 广西田阳县创新农业综合开发有限公司 | A kind of selenium-rich mango implantation methods |
| CN110226599A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-09-13 | 广西大学 | A kind of mango diastrous weather realization guarantor production later avoids the preparation and application method of total crop failure |
| CN110226599B (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2021-04-13 | 广西大学 | Preparation for realizing yield preservation and avoiding outcrop after mango disastrous weather and use method |
| CN111194660A (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2020-05-26 | 玉林市沃柑研究所 | Flower and fruit management method for winter season-reversed Or oranges |
| CN111194660B (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2022-07-08 | 玉林市沃柑研究所 | Flower and fruit management method for winter season-reversed Or oranges |
| CN112514718B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2023-05-02 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Method for obtaining fine-core type golden phoenix mango embryoless fruit |
| CN112544327B (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2023-05-30 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Method for improving proportion of non-embryogenic fruits of golden phoenix mangoes |
| CN112568046B (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2023-05-30 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Method for reducing pulp fibers of non-embryogenic fruits of golden phoenix mangoes |
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