CN106069253B - A kind of pollinating method of greenhouse crops - Google Patents
A kind of pollinating method of greenhouse crops Download PDFInfo
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- CN106069253B CN106069253B CN201610417376.1A CN201610417376A CN106069253B CN 106069253 B CN106069253 B CN 106069253B CN 201610417376 A CN201610417376 A CN 201610417376A CN 106069253 B CN106069253 B CN 106069253B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
Provide a kind of pollinating method of greenhouse crops, comprising the following steps: choose the male flower to grow fine and acquire anther；The anther is placed in freezen protective under appropraite condition；The anther of freezen protective is activated at room temperature；Anther, 6- benzamido group purine, boric acid and L-arginine after activation is added in glucose solution according to extra fine quality percentage, and is stirred evenly, anther pollination solution is obtained；The anther pollination solution is sprayed to female flower under the conditions of suitable greenhouse using sprayer.The different melon varieties that pollinating method of the present invention obtains can not only improve uniform pollination degree, but also enhance pollen activity, improve fruit-setting rate；The sugariness and sensory issues for influencing melon and fruit are efficiently solved simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of planting, it is related to the pollinating method more particularly to a kind of Melon of a kind of greenhouse crops
Pollinating method.
Background technique
It is well known that current greenhouse is mainly based on steelframe booth.Although this greenhouse can solve crop raw
Long most of condition, such as temperature, moisture, however be also obvious the shortcomings that greenhouse.For example, plant rely into
The substances such as the photosynthetic carbon dioxide of row, luminous energy are extremely difficult to crop in canopy by the filtering and isolation of light-transmissive film or glass
The needs of normal growth.More it is essential that the closure of steelframe booth and severe interior environment cause wild Pollinating Insect difficult
It can not effectively be pollinated with entering or not adapting to environment in it.
For this problem that solves to pollinate, it is primarily present manual pollination, honeybee pollination and medicinal powder sprinkling Three models at present.
Pollination is relatively uniform by hand, and fruit-setting rate is high；However, pollination occupies a large amount of labours by hand, and speed is slow, low efficiency, effect
Difference.Honeybee pollination is usually that groupuscule honeybee is put into greenhouse, carries out greenhouse crops pollination to sacrifice honeybee in groups.Due to ring
The erosion of border toxin and inadaptable, honeybee largely collide at the top of greenhouse and dead；Bee numbers sharply decline, and pollination efficiency is same
It is not high.Medicinal powder sprinkling is that style is acquired from the male flower to grow fine, then sprays dry powder or medicinal powder to female flower.This method is awarded
The defects of powder is uniform, time saving and energy saving, however there are pollen preservation is more difficult, and pollen activity is difficult to keep.
On the other hand, greenhouse crops higher for sugariness such as muskmelon and fruit, it usually needs stronger illumination condition,
However greenhouse crops illumination deficiency is common problem.Illumination is insufficient, then not can be carried out vigorous photosynthesis, and transpiration is made
With also reducing, so as to cause the imbalance of plant endotrophic, the sugariness and mouthfeel of melon and fruit are influenced.
Therefore, in view of the foregoing drawbacks, there is an urgent need to find a kind of pollinating method of new greenhouse crops.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is to provide a kind of pollinating method of greenhouse crops.Present invention employs
The pollinating method of medicinal powder spray modes enhances pollen by designing suitable pollination solution so as to improve uniform pollination degree
Vigor improves fruit-setting rate；Meanwhile in conjunction with suitable pollination post-treatment agent and post-processing step, influence melon and fruit is efficiently solved
Sugariness and sensory issues.
To achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a kind of pollinating method of greenhouse crops, including it is following
Step:
(1) it chooses the male flower to grow fine and acquires anther；
(2) anther is placed under -5-5 DEG C and 15-45% relative humidity freezen protective 0.5-3 days；
(3) anther of freezen protective 0.5-2h is placed at room temperature to activate；
(4) by anther, 6- benzamido group purine, boric acid and the L-arginine after activation according to following mass percent: 1%:
(0.010%-0.060%): (0.10%-0.60%): (0.02%-0.10%) is added to 100 grams of 2-10wt% glucose waters
It in solution, and stirs evenly, obtains anther pollination solution；
(5) the anther pollination solution is sprayed to female flower under the conditions of suitable greenhouse using sprayer.
Wherein, the greenhouse crops are selected from the higher greenhouse crops of sugariness.Further, the greenhouse crops are selected from melon and fruit
Class greenhouse crops, preferably muskmelon and watermelon.In a specific embodiment, the greenhouse crops are muskmelons.
Wherein, in step (1), the male flower to grow fine is bloomed on the day of being selected from anther acquisition and the good hero of appearance
Flower.
In step (2), the anther is placed under -5-5 DEG C and 15-45% relative humidity freezen protective 0.5-3 days.It is excellent
The anther is placed under 0-5 DEG C and 20-40% relative humidity freezen protective 0.5-2 days by selection of land.It is highly preferred that by the flower
Medicine is placed under 1-4 DEG C and 25-35% relative humidity freezen protective 0.5-1.5 days.In a specific embodiment, in step
(2) in, the anther is placed under 2 DEG C and 30% relative humidity freezen protective 1 day.
In step (3), the anther of freezen protective is placed into 0.5-2h at room temperature and is activated.Wherein, room temperature refers to
It is 20-30 DEG C.Preferably, the anther of freezen protective 0.5-1.5h is placed at room temperature to activate.It is highly preferred that will freezing
The anther of preservation is placed 0.5-1h at room temperature and is activated.It in a specific embodiment, will be cold in step (3)
The anther for freezing preservation is placed 0.8h at room temperature and is activated.
In step (4), by anther, 6- benzamido group purine, boric acid and the L-arginine after activation according to following quality hundred
Divide ratio: 1%:(0.010%-0.060%): (0.10%-0.60%): (0.020%-0.10%) is added to 100 grams of 2-
It in 10wt% glucose solution, and stirs evenly, obtains anther pollination solution.Preferably, by anther, the 6- benzyl after activation
Amido purine, boric acid and L-arginine are according to following mass percent: 1%:(0.020%-0.050%): (0.20%-
0.50%): (0.030%-0.080%) is added in 100 grams of 3-9wt% glucose solutions, and is stirred evenly, and is spent
Medicine pollination solution.It is highly preferred that by anther, 6- benzamido group purine, boric acid and the L-arginine after activation according to following quality hundred
Divide ratio: 1%:(0.020%-0.040%): (0.30%-0.40%): (0.040%-0.060%) is added to 100 grams of 4-
It in 8wt% glucose solution, and stirs evenly, obtains anther pollination solution.Most preferably, by anther, the 6- after activation
Benzamido group purine, boric acid and L-arginine are according to following mass percent: 1%:(0.020%-0.030%): (0.30%-
0.40%): (0.040%-0.060%) is added in 100 grams of 5-7wt% glucose solutions, and is stirred evenly, and is spent
Medicine pollination solution.In a specific embodiment, by anther, 6- benzamido group purine, boric acid and the L-arginine after activation
According to following mass percent: 1%:0.025%:0.35%:0.050% is added in 100 grams of 6wt% glucose solutions,
And it stirs evenly, obtains anther pollination solution.
In step (5), the anther pollination solution is sprayed to female flower under the conditions of suitable greenhouse using sprayer.Institute
State the relative humidity that greenhouse condition refers to 20-25 DEG C He 50-60%.In a specific embodiment, existed using sprayer
The anther is sprayed to female flower under 22 DEG C and 55% relative humidity to pollinate solution.
Inventors have found that using the pollinating method of aforementioned medicinal powder spray modes, especially anther, 6- benzamido group purine, boron
The anther of acid and L-arginine pollination solution, not only improves uniform pollination degree, and enhance pollen activity, significantly improves
Fruit-setting rate.
Further, in order to efficiently solve influence melon and fruit sugariness and sensory issues, pollinating method of the invention also into
One step includes the post-processing step in conjunction with suitable pollination post-treatment agent.That is, pollinating method of the invention further wraps
Include following steps:
(6) after greenhouse crops pollination the 3rd day, using suitable pollination post-treatment agent every 10 days to each section of bearing fruit
Front and back two panels functional leaf carry out foliage spray, until mature harvesting；Fountain height is every melon vine 2-10mL.
In step (6), after greenhouse crops pollination the 3rd day, using suitable pollination post-treatment agent every 10 days to every
The front and back two panels functional leaf of a section of bearing fruit carries out foliage spray, until mature harvesting；Fountain height is every melon vine 2-10mL.It is excellent
Selection of land after greenhouse crops pollination the 3rd day, uses the suitable pollination post-treatment agent every 10 days front and backs to each section of bearing fruit
Two panels functional leaf carries out foliage spray, until mature harvesting；Fountain height is every melon vine 3-8mL.It is highly preferred that from greenhouse crops
After pollination from the 3rd day, carried out using the suitable pollination post-treatment agent every 10 days front and back two panels functional leafs to each section of bearing fruit
Foliage spray, until mature harvesting；Fountain height is every melon vine 4-6mL.In a specific embodiment, from greenhouse crops
After pollination from the 3rd day, carried out using the suitable pollination post-treatment agent every 10 days front and back two panels functional leafs to each section of bearing fruit
Foliage spray, until mature harvesting；Fountain height is every melon vine 5mL.
In step (6), the pollination post-treatment agent is the mixed aqueous solution of potassium citrate and sodium chloride.Wherein, it is based on
The content of the total weight of aqueous solution, potassium citrate and sodium chloride is respectively 0.5-2wt% and 1-4wt%.It is preferably based on water-soluble
The content of the total weight of liquid, potassium citrate and sodium chloride is respectively 1-2wt% and 2-4wt%.It is highly preferred that based on aqueous solution
The content of total weight, potassium citrate and sodium chloride is respectively 1.5-2wt% and 3-4wt%.In a specific embodiment,
The content of total weight based on aqueous solution, potassium citrate and sodium chloride is respectively 1.8wt% and 3.6wt%.
Inventors have found that further passing through foliage spray potassium citrate in conjunction with the pollinating method of aforementioned medicinal powder spray modes
With the mixed aqueous solution of sodium chloride, as a result, it has been found that the mixed aqueous solution of potassium citrate and sodium chloride synergistic effect under can effectively mention
The sugariness and mouthfeel of high fruit, and then improve the quality of high sugariness fruit especially muskmelon.
Compared with prior art, pollinating method of the invention not only improves uniform pollination degree, and it is living to enhance pollen
Power improves fruit-setting rate；The sugariness and sensory issues for influencing melon and fruit are efficiently solved simultaneously.The present invention is easily operated, is easy to push away
Extensively, low in raw material price, infusion of financial resources is few, for different cultivars significant effect, can be used as awarding for different melons and fruits especially muskmelon
Powder method is suitble to the popularization of large area, has significant economic benefit.
Specific embodiment
Purpose/or scheme of the present invention will be provided in the form of preferred embodiment.To saying for these embodiments
Bright is to be used for the understanding of the present invention, rather than limit feasible other modes, these feasible other embodiments can be by this
The practice of invention is learnt.
The present invention is further elaborated below by embodiment, it is apparent that the scope of the present invention is not limited in following reality
Apply example.
It should be pointed out that in the present invention, if not refering in particular to, all percentages are unit of weight, all raw materials
It is bought from market or the industry is common, the method in following embodiments is unless otherwise instructed this field routine side
Method.
Used melon variety is that Hami is red, white jade is fragrant and emerald green honey totally 3 kinds, test in same greenhouse into
Row.
Embodiment 1
(1) choosing Hami red same day blooms and the good male flower of appearance, and acquires anther；
(2) anther is placed under 2 DEG C and 35% relative humidity freezen protective 1 day；
(3) anther of freezen protective 0.8h is placed at room temperature to activate；
(4) by anther, 6- benzamido group purine (6-BA), boric acid and the L-arginine after activation according to following quality percentage
Than: 1%:0.025%:0.35%:0.050% is added in 100 grams of 6wt% glucose solutions, and is stirred evenly, and is obtained
Anther pollination solution；
(5) using sprayer 22 DEG C and 55% relative humidity under anther pollination solution is sprayed to female flower；
(6) after greenhouse crops pollination the 3rd day, using suitable pollination post-treatment agent every 10 days to each section of bearing fruit
Front and back two panels functional leaf carry out foliage spray, until mature harvesting；Fountain height is every melon vine 5mL；The pollination post-processing
Agent is the mixed aqueous solution of potassium citrate and sodium chloride；Wherein, based on the total weight of aqueous solution, potassium citrate and sodium chloride contain
Amount is respectively 1.8wt% and 3.6wt%.
It takes and the red identical pollinating method in above-mentioned Hami, since on the same day, examination identical with emerald green honey progress to white jade perfume (or spice)
It tests.
Embodiment 2
(1) choosing Hami red same day blooms and the good male flower of appearance, and acquires anther；
(2) anther is placed under 1 DEG C and 30% relative humidity freezen protective 1.5 days；
(3) anther of freezen protective 1h is placed at room temperature to activate；
(4) by anther, 6- benzamido group purine, boric acid and the L-arginine after activation according to following mass percent: 1%:
0.030%:0.30%:0.060% is added in 100 grams of 5wt% glucose solutions, and is stirred evenly, and is obtained anther and is awarded
Powder solution；
(5) using sprayer 22 DEG C and 55% relative humidity under anther pollination solution is sprayed to female flower；
(6) after greenhouse crops pollination the 3rd day, using suitable pollination post-treatment agent every 10 days to each section of bearing fruit
Front and back two panels functional leaf carry out foliage spray, until mature harvesting；Fountain height is every melon vine 5mL；The pollination post-processing
Agent is the mixed aqueous solution of potassium citrate and sodium chloride；Wherein, based on the total weight of aqueous solution, potassium citrate and sodium chloride contain
Amount is respectively 1.5wt% and 4wt%.
It takes and the red identical pollinating method in above-mentioned Hami, since on the same day, examination identical with emerald green honey progress to white jade perfume (or spice)
It tests.
Embodiment 3
(1) choosing Hami red same day blooms and the good male flower of appearance, and acquires anther；
(2) anther is placed under 4 DEG C and 40% relative humidity freezen protective 0.5 day；
(3) anther of freezen protective 0.5h is placed at room temperature to activate；
(4) by anther, 6- benzamido group purine, boric acid and the L-arginine after activation according to following mass percent: 1%:
0.020%:0.40%:0.040% is added in 100 grams of 7wt% glucose solutions, and is stirred evenly, and is obtained anther and is awarded
Powder solution；
(5) using sprayer 22 DEG C and 55% relative humidity under anther pollination solution is sprayed to female flower；
(6) after greenhouse crops pollination the 3rd day, using suitable pollination post-treatment agent every 10 days to each section of bearing fruit
Front and back two panels functional leaf carry out foliage spray, until mature harvesting；Fountain height is every melon vine 5mL；The pollination post-processing
Agent is the mixed aqueous solution of potassium citrate and sodium chloride；Wherein, based on the total weight of aqueous solution, potassium citrate and sodium chloride contain
Amount is respectively 2wt% and 3wt%.
It takes and the red identical pollinating method in above-mentioned Hami, since on the same day, examination identical with emerald green honey progress to white jade perfume (or spice)
It tests.
Comparative example 1
Step (3) is as follows: by anther, 6-benzyl aminopurine and the boric acid after activation according to following mass percent: 1%:
0.025%:0.35% is added in 100 grams of 6wt% glucose solutions, and is stirred evenly, and anther pollination solution is obtained.Its
Remaining same embodiment 1.It takes and phase is carried out to white jade perfume (or spice) and emerald green honey since on the same day with the red identical pollinating method in above-mentioned Hami
With test.
Comparative example 2
Step (3) is as follows: by after activation anther and 6-benzyl aminopurine according to following mass percent: 1%:
0.025% is added in 100 grams of 6wt% glucose solutions, and stirs evenly, and obtains anther pollination solution.Remaining is the same as real
Apply example 1.It takes and identical test is carried out to white jade perfume (or spice) and emerald green honey since on the same day with the red identical pollinating method in above-mentioned Hami.
Comparative example 3
Step (3) is as follows: by after activation anther and boric acid according to following mass percent: 1%:0.35% is added to
It in 100 grams of 6wt% glucose solutions, and stirs evenly, obtains anther pollination solution.Remaining is the same as embodiment 1.Take with it is upper
The red identical pollinating method in Hami is stated, since on the same day, identical test is carried out to white jade perfume (or spice) and emerald green honey.
Comparative example 4
Step (3) is as follows: the anther after activation is added to 100 grams of 6wt% glucose according to following mass percent 1%
It in aqueous solution, and stirs evenly, obtains anther pollination solution.Remaining is the same as embodiment 1.It takes and above-mentioned Hami is red identical awards
Powder method carries out identical test to white jade perfume (or spice) and emerald green honey since on the same day.
Comparative example 5
Step (6) is as follows: after greenhouse crops pollination the 3rd day, using suitable pollination post-treatment agent every 10 days to every
The front and back two panels functional leaf of a section of bearing fruit carries out foliage spray, until mature harvesting；Fountain height is every melon vine 5mL；It is described
Pollination post-treatment agent is the aqueous solution of potassium citrate；Wherein, based on the total weight of aqueous solution, the content of potassium citrate is
1.8wt%.It takes and the red identical pollinating method in above-mentioned Hami, since on the same day, examination identical with emerald green honey progress to white jade perfume (or spice)
It tests.
Comparative example 6
Step (6) is as follows: after greenhouse crops pollination the 3rd day, using suitable pollination post-treatment agent every 10 days to every
The front and back two panels functional leaf of a section of bearing fruit carries out foliage spray, until mature harvesting；Fountain height is every melon vine 5mL；It is described
Pollination post-treatment agent is the aqueous solution of sodium chloride；Wherein, based on the total weight of aqueous solution, the content of sodium chloride is 3.6wt%.It adopts
It takes and identical test is carried out to white jade perfume (or spice) and emerald green honey since on the same day with the red identical pollinating method in above-mentioned Hami.
Comparative example 7
Step (6) is as follows: after greenhouse crops pollination the 3rd day, using suitable pollination post-treatment agent every 10 days to every
The front and back two panels functional leaf of a section of bearing fruit carries out foliage spray, until mature harvesting；Fountain height is every melon vine 5mL；It is described
Post-treatment agent of pollinating is blank water.It takes and the red identical pollinating method in above-mentioned Hami, since on the same day, and kingfisher fragrant to white jade
Honey carries out identical test.
Pollinate latter week, on the same day in Statistics Implementation example 1-3 and comparative example 1-7 each melon variety fruit-setting rate.On the same day
After maturation harvesting, each kind randomly selects three sample melons, according to the conventional method of the industry to the center of each sample melon
It is measured with edge sugar content (i.e. sugariness), finally takes its average value.Acquired results are referring to table 1.
The fruit-setting rate and sugariness of each melon variety of table 1
As it can be seen from table 1 being obtained not compared with comparative example 1-4 by using 1-3 pollinating method of the embodiment of the present invention
Uniform pollination degree can not only be improved with melon variety, but also enhance pollen activity, improve fruit-setting rate.With comparative example 5-7
Compare, by using the different melon varieties that 1-3 pollinating method of the embodiment of the present invention obtains further improve center sugariness with
Edge sugariness, to efficiently solve the sugariness and sensory issues for influencing melon and fruit.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., is all included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of pollinating method of greenhouse crops, the greenhouse crops are muskmelon, comprising the following steps:
(1) it chooses the male flower to grow fine and acquires anther；
(2) anther is placed under -5-5 DEG C and 15-45% relative humidity freezen protective 0.5-3 days；
(3) anther of freezen protective 0.5-2h is placed at room temperature to activate；
(4) by anther, 6- benzamido group purine, boric acid and the L-arginine after activation according to following mass percent: 1%:
(0.010%-0.060%): (0.10%-0.60%): (0.02%-0.10%) is added to 100 grams of 2-10wt% glucose waters
It in solution, and stirs evenly, obtains anther pollination solution；
(5) the anther pollination solution is sprayed to female flower under the conditions of suitable greenhouse using sprayer；
Wherein, the greenhouse condition refers to the relative humidity of 20-25 DEG C He 50-60%；
(6) after greenhouse crops pollination the 3rd day, before suitably pollinating post-treatment agent every 10 days to each section of bearing fruit
Two panels functional leaf carries out foliage spray afterwards, until mature harvesting；Fountain height is every melon vine 2-10mL；
Wherein, the pollination post-treatment agent is the mixed aqueous solution of potassium citrate and sodium chloride；Total weight based on aqueous solution, lemon
The content of lemon acid potassium and sodium chloride is respectively 1.5-2wt% and 3-4wt%.
2. pollinating method according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the anther is placed in 1-4 DEG C and 25-
Freezen protective 0.5-1.5 days under 35% relative humidity.
3. pollinating method according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the anther of freezen protective is put at room temperature
0.5-1h is set to be activated.
4. pollinating method according to claim 1, wherein in step (4), anther, the 6- benzamido group after activation is fast
Purine, boric acid and L-arginine are according to following mass percent: 1%:(0.020%-0.030%): (0.30%-0.40%):
(0.040%-0.060%) is added in 100 grams of 5-7wt% glucose solutions, and is stirred evenly, and it is molten to obtain anther pollination
Liquid.
5. pollinating method according to claim 1, wherein after greenhouse crops pollination the 3rd day, use suitable pollination
The post-treatment agent every 10 days front and back two panels functional leafs to each section of bearing fruit carry out foliage spray, until mature harvesting；Fountain height
For every melon vine 4-6mL.
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| CN104488924A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-04-08 | 陕西上格之路生物科学有限公司 | Compound composition used for increasing crop fertilization rate |
| CN105075773A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-11-25 | 安徽博发文化生态园有限公司 | Management method of flowering phase of kiwi fruits |
| CN105272635A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-01-27 | 安徽农业大学 | Conditioning agent for raising fruit setting rate of jujubes and application of conditioning agent |
| CN105638436A (en) * | 2016-01-10 | 2016-06-08 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Hybridization breeding method of taxus chinensis |
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