CN102342242A - Pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees, and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees, and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial pollination of fruit trees, specifically relates to a pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees, and a preparation method thereof. The pollen suspension liquid mainly comprises the following components, by weight, 0.005-0.02% of boric acid, 0.005-0.01% of calcium nitrate, 0.01-0.02% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.2-0.4% of pollen, and the balance of water. The pollen suspension liquid provided by the present invention can be placed for a long time, and can be prepared into a concentrated solution. In addition, the pollen suspension liquid provided by the present invention is easy to use, and can be directly sprayed on pistillate flower in a flowering stage to carry out the artificial liquid pollination, such that the fruit set percentage of the fruit trees can be more than 48%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree artificial pollination technical field, be specifically related to a kind of liquid pollination of fruit trees with pollen suspension and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Most of fruit trees belong to cross-pollinatd plant, and pollination quality system decision fruit tree is solid, a key factor of output and quality.Even some can parthenocarpy or apomictic fruit tree, in order to improve fruit yield and quality, the stimulation of pollination fertilization also is indispensable (Lv Liuxin etc., 1995) usually.Pollinating process is a pollen with same flower of planting fruit-trees or the transmission between the different flower, yet many fruit trees but show self-incompatibillity in various degree.For this reason, pollen just need transmit between with the planting fruit-trees Different Individual.The transport process of pollen very easily receives wind, insect, competitive nectariferous plant, even the influence of birds and other animal.As far as numerous fruit trees, insect to the validity of pollination much larger than the validity of wind, yet the mobility of insect obviously decline under excessive situation of cloudy day, low temperature, wind speed; Thereby cause poor pollination, particularly the florescence is met rain, and rainwater almost stops the activity of insect fully; Wash away available free pollen in the pollen sac; Cause pollination failures, severe patient also can cause the orchard total crop failure, causes enormous economic loss for vast production of fruit trees person.Fruit tree pollination fertilization failure has many undesirable elements and causes, and possibly occur in each step (Lv Liuxin etc., 1995 in the pollinating process; Wilcock C et.al., 2002), but because the not enough or disappearance of the pollination medium that Ecological environment worsening causes but is a global problem, caused global pollination crisis (Kremen C et.al., 2000).What therefore, the florescence carried out that artificial pollination just shows in production of fruit trees is particularly important.
Be of long duration about the artificial pollination Study on Technology, the flower that mainly contains that conventional artificial pollination technique method is commonly used crashes method, manual work by spending point to award method, spray method, chicken feather blanket method; Honeybee method (Xi Rongting, 1995) is put in yarn bag method, manual work.Although these measures produce effect in production of fruit trees really, implement time-consuming and take a lot of work, run counter to low cost and high efficiency theory in the modern scale production of fruit trees.In order to adapt to the production needs; People develop mechanical dusting method and bionical static pollination method (Vaknin Y et.al. again;---), though this has improved pollination efficiency, need to consume a large amount of expensive pollen and/or thinner; Therefore do not reduce cost veritably, thereby be difficult to apply on a large scale at home.The liquid pollination rule that occurs in recent years possibly demonstrate the Costco Wholesale advantage.Miniature artificial hornet pollination robot system also is in the theoretical model stage in the laboratory (0lthuis W,---) in the facility that proposed afterwards.
The vigor that how to keep pollen effectively is one of key issue in the liquid pollination of fruit trees technology.Although domestic relevant report about liquid pollination of fruit trees is more, most researchs are thoroughgoing and painstaking inadequately, are to speak of in general terms empirically, are difficult in production of fruit trees demonstration and promote, thereby be difficult to more realize that commercialization moves towards market.The commercially produced product POLLENAID that New Zealand releases has solved the pollination problem of kiwi fruit to a certain extent.For the kiwi fruit producer of China, product that import is such and relevant device are pollinated and on price, are difficult to bear.The mechanical device that liquid pollination is relevant can be realized domesticizing and being accepted by the producer through " absorbing wisdom " program step by step; And other supporting technology system can't be introduced because of relating to trade secret.So the research of carrying out the required pollen suspension of the liquid pollination of fruit trees that comprises kiwi fruit is one of current problem of needing solution badly.
Pollen is a kind of life cell of special shape, most of fruit tree pollen the liquid pollination process included if all can lose certain vigor in the key step.Wherein, the dry run that is mixed with pollen the pollen solution on the aqueous solution and the column cap is the rapid devitalization of pollen, even two dead fully big critical steps.According to present research, in the suspension that liquid pollination is used, adopt sucrose and borax as key component mostly, the conventional sucrose that adopts; Main drawback has two: (1) sucrose solution is placed a period of time will moldy metamorphism, particularly high concentration, more is prone to moldy metamorphism like the sucrose solution of 10% (w/v); Even low temperature storage also difficulty is put for a long time; If be mixed with the more difficult storage of concentrate, promote if get into the commercialization demonstration, more be difficult to remote transportation; (2) sucrose belongs to disaccharides; Do not have physicochemical properties such as stable, thickening, emulsification, suspension, film forming, the effect of sucrose mainly is to keep osmotic pressure, control pollen transition suction explosion devitalization; Spray pollination if in suspension, add sucrose; Contain pollen liquid and drop onto on the column cap, along with droplet drying, smaller volume, the concentration of component that comprises sucrose in the suspension can increase gradually; The osmotic pressure of drop increases fast, and pollen shrinkage in various degree can occur and can't sprout (generally just sprouting at least 4~5 hours).
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of liquid pollination of fruit trees that improves percentage of fertile fruit with pollen suspension and preparation method thereof.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of liquid pollination of fruit trees is used pollen suspension, mainly is made up of following components in weight percentage: the water of boric acid 0.005-0.02%, nitrate of lime 0.005-0.01%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.01-0.02%, pollen 0.2-0.4% and surplus.
Also contain gum Arabic 0.005-0.2%.
The germination rate of said pollen is 75-80%, and said water is pure water.
Liquid pollination of fruit trees is with the preparation method of pollen suspension; May further comprise the steps: get each raw material in proportion; Sodium carboxymethylcellulose is soluble in water, add the dissolving of boric acid and nitrate of lime then, add the pollen mixing at last and be liquid pollination of fruit trees and use pollen suspension.
Liquid pollination of fruit trees is with the preparation method of pollen suspension; May further comprise the steps: get each raw material in proportion; Sodium carboxymethylcellulose is soluble in water; Add gum Arabic again and make it dissolving, add boric acid and nitrate of lime then and dissolve, add the pollen mixing at last and be liquid pollination of fruit trees and use pollen suspension.
The germination rate of said pollen is 75-80%, and said water is pure water.
Said pollen is the frozen pollen through prewetting and handling; The processing procedure of prewetting is: frozen pollen is taken out from frozen environment; Transfer to rapidly in the glassware with cover; Placed under the 2-8 ℃ of environment 10~12 hours, and then glassware was removed lid, place 15-22 ℃, humidity 70-80%, avoided under the environment that sunlight directly shines rewarming 2~3 hours.
The know-why of technical scheme of the present invention:
Boron is influential to the plant reproductive process, and boron content is organized as the highlyest again with Hua Zuigao in the plant organ with column cap and ovary in spending, and pollen is lower, and boron can stimulate pollen germination, particularly pollen tube growth; In addition, the variation that the indirectly-acting of boron possibly increase with sugar amount in the nectar and form is relevant, makes spending the insect more attractive of entomophilous plants.Select H in the pollen suspension of the present invention
3BO
3(boric acid), and do not select borax (Na
2B
4O
510H
2O), boric acid and borax all contain boron element though this is, boron element only is transformed into the boric acid form could be by plant absorbing, the borax poor dissolution, and it is also poor that crop absorbs, and be easy to generate poisoning; Borax is a raw material of producing boric acid in the commercial production, and the poisonous and harmful impurity content is generally high than boric acid, and last, sodium ion can not show a candle to other macroelement and trace element to the importance of plant.
Calcium ion has the effect of stable pollen pipe, helps the elongation of pollen tube, and Ca (NO is selected in the calcium ion of pollen suspension source among the present invention
3)
24H
2O, and do not select CaCl
22H
2O, the two is all calcium salt though this is, and plant is to NO
3 -The absorption of ion will be far above Cl
-Ion, and the Cl of higher concentration
-The ion pair column cap has certain toxicity.
Add sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in the pollen suspension of the present invention; The CMC aqueous solution has performances such as good bonding, thickening, emulsification, suspension, film forming, protecting colloid, maintenance moisture, resistance to enzymolysis and metabolism inertia; When the CMC aqueous solution and tin, silver, aluminium, lead, iron, copper and some heavy metal met, precipitation reaction can take place; When the CMC aqueous solution and calcium, magnesium, salt coexistence, can not produce deposition, but can reduce the CMC viscosity in aqueous solution, these physico chemical property of CMC have determined it can reduce the toxicity of heavy metal ion in the pollen suspension, do not disturb the effect of calcium ion.
The rhamnose that has Partial Protein material and structure appearance on the gum Arabic structure; It has very good amphipathic property, is extraordinary natural water oil-in emulsion stabilizer, thickener, suspending agent; Be particularly suitable for the oil-in-water type emulsion system; Normal temperature can be mixed with typically " high dense low sticking " type colloid, and it also has good film forming characteristics, can slow down moisture loss.The CMC aqueous solution and water-soluble gum Arabic can mix mutually altogether and dissolve, and play a role jointly at the peripheral diaphragm that forms of pollen with gum Arabic, keep moisture, effectively reduce pollen liquid and drop in the rate of drying on the column cap, are the absorption time expand of boron and calcium constituent.
Raw water in the pollen suspension of the present invention is preferably selected pure water, and water quality is pure more, and electrical conductivity is more little, and the harmful substance in the water is few more, and pollen maintains vigour more easily.
Selected raw material sodium carboxymethylcellulose of the present invention (CMC) and gum Arabic do not have and go mouldy, and pollen suspension can be placed for a long time, can also make concentrate; Pollen suspension of the present invention also helps dispersity and the stability that improves pollen, and the film forming water retention characteristic can slow down pollen liquid and drop in the dry dehydration process on the column cap at pollen and the more stable moisture film of the outside formation of column cap greatly, suppresses the forfeiture of pollen vigor; Pollen suspension also can participate in keeping the osmotic pressure of solution, avoids the pollen of tool hydrophily exine-held protein to split because of excessively absorbing water to rise.Pollen suspension of the present invention is easy to use, can directly spray in the enterprising pedestrian worker's liquid pollination of the female flower in flowering stage, and the percentage of fertile fruit of fruit tree is reached more than 48%.
Prewetting among the present invention handled and can be slowed down the pollen water absorption course, makes this process be unlikely to undue violent, helps keeping the pollen vigor, improves the germination rate of pollen.
The liquid pollination of fruit trees that the present invention makes avoids the use of canister with pollen suspension during in the preparation with splendid attire, preferably selects the container of materials such as glass or plastics.
Change pollen suspension over to clean sprayer during use; In spraying apart from the female flower of 10-15cm position over against firm opening, be sprayed onto firm not dripping and get final product, add suspension from pollen and be no more than 2 hours to spraying to finish; Prevent the pollen loss of activity, accomplish liquid pollination flowering stage in female tree.
Pollen suspension of the present invention can prepare solution with the raw material except that pollen earlier, before using on the spot pollen is added in the solution that raw material prepares except that pollen, can guarantee like this in 2 hours, to spray to finish, and guarantees the vigor of pollen.
Pollen suspension of the present invention is particularly suitable for the kiwi fruit fruit tree, also is applicable to peach.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Liquid pollination of fruit trees is used pollen suspension, and its percentage by weight component is: the kiwi fruit pollen 0.2% of boric acid 0.005%, nitrate of lime 0.005%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.01%, germination rate 80% and the water of surplus.
The preparation method of pollen suspension is: get each raw material in proportion, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose is soluble in water, add the dissolving of boric acid and nitrate of lime then, add kiwi fruit pollen mixing at last and be the kiwi fruit liquid pollination and use pollen suspension.
Embodiment 2
Liquid pollination of fruit trees is used pollen suspension, and its percentage by weight component is: the kiwi fruit pollen 0.3% of boric acid 0.005%, nitrate of lime 0.005%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.01%, germination rate 77% and the water of surplus.
The preparation method of pollen suspension is: get each raw material in proportion, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose is soluble in water, add the dissolving of boric acid and nitrate of lime then, add kiwi fruit pollen mixing at last and be the kiwi fruit liquid pollination and use pollen suspension.
Embodiment 3
Liquid pollination of fruit trees is used pollen suspension, and its percentage by weight component is: the frozen kiwi fruit pollen 0.4% of boric acid 0.005%, nitrate of lime 0.005%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.01%, germination rate 75% and the water of surplus.
The preparation method of pollen suspension is: get each raw material in proportion, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose is soluble in water, add the dissolving of boric acid and nitrate of lime then; Frozen kiwi fruit pollen is taken out from frozen environment; Transfer to rapidly in the glassware with cover; Placed 2 ℃ of environment following 12 hours; Lid with glassware removes then, and placing 22 ℃, humidity is that following 2 hours rewarmings of environment of 80% are accomplished the processing of prewetting, and the processing procedure of prewetting should avoid sunlight directly to shine; In sodium carboxymethylcellulose, boric acid and nitrate of lime mixed aqueous solution, adding the kiwi fruit pollen mixing prewet after handling at last is the kiwi fruit liquid pollination and uses pollen suspension.
Embodiment 4
Liquid pollination of fruit trees is used pollen suspension, and its percentage by weight component is: the kiwi fruit pollen 0.2% of boric acid 0.01%, nitrate of lime 0.005%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.015%, gum Arabic 0.2%, germination rate 80% and the water of surplus.
The preparation method of pollen suspension is: get each raw material in proportion; Sodium carboxymethylcellulose is soluble in water; Add gum Arabic again and make it dissolving, add boric acid and nitrate of lime then and dissolve, add kiwi fruit pollen mixing at last and be the kiwi fruit liquid pollination and use pollen suspension.
Embodiment 5
Liquid pollination of fruit trees is used pollen suspension, and its percentage by weight component is: the kiwi fruit pollen 0.35% of boric acid 0.005%, nitrate of lime 0.01%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.02%, gum Arabic 0.15%, germination rate 78% and the water of surplus.
The preparation method of embodiment 5 pollen suspensions is: get each raw material in proportion; Sodium carboxymethylcellulose is soluble in water; Add gum Arabic again and make it dissolving, add boric acid and nitrate of lime then and dissolve, add kiwi fruit pollen mixing at last and be the kiwi fruit liquid pollination and use pollen suspension.
Embodiment 6
Liquid pollination of fruit trees is used pollen suspension, and its percentage by weight component is: the frozen kiwi fruit pollen 0.4% of boric acid 0.02%, nitrate of lime 0.008%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.01%, gum Arabic 0.005%, germination rate 75% and the water of surplus.
The preparation method of embodiment 6 pollen suspensions is: get each raw material in proportion, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose is soluble in water, add gum Arabic again and make it dissolving, add the dissolving of boric acid and nitrate of lime then; Frozen kiwi fruit pollen is taken out from frozen environment; Transfer to rapidly in the glassware with cover; Placed 8 ℃ of environment following 10 hours; Lid with glassware removes then, and placing 15 ℃, humidity is that following 3 hours rewarmings of environment of 80% are accomplished the processing of prewetting, and the processing procedure of prewetting should avoid sunlight directly to shine; In sodium carboxymethylcellulose, gum Arabic, boric acid and nitrate of lime mixed aqueous solution, adding the kiwi fruit pollen mixing prewet after handling at last is the kiwi fruit liquid pollination and uses pollen suspension.
Can adopt when soluble in water the mode that stirs and heat to accelerate dissolving sodium carboxymethylcellulose, equally also can adopt the mode that stirs and heat to accelerate dissolving when adding the gum Arabic dissolving again.
Adopt the liquid pollination that carries out of the pollen suspension of embodiment 3 and embodiment 4 to test; Adopt spontaneous pollination as check experiment 1; Adopt artificial point to award pure pollen as check experiment 2, adopt New Zealand POLLENAID suspension as check experiment 3, fruit tree research institute test garden makes an experiment to Xu Xiang (kind of kiwi fruit) in Zhengzhou; Concrete experimentation by: fruit tree research is tested the garden plant division and is experimentized in Zhengzhou; The preceding bagging of blooming by the end of April, control spontaneous pollination setting is selected the female tree of Xu Xiang in four flowering stage May; Pollen suspension, the pollen suspension of embodiment 4, New Zealand POLLENAID suspension with embodiment 3 sprays on the female flower of selected three female trees of Xu Xiang with sprayer respectively, pollination continued bagging; The mode that the female tree of another Xu Xiang adopts artificial point to award pure pollen is pollinated, pollination continued bagging; Zone in test garden spontaneous pollination selects the female tree of Xu Xiang to carry out spontaneous pollination, bagging not after the pollination; Treat that column cap wilts to lose when accepting outside pollen ability and remove bag (about 5~7 days) that calculate percentage of fertile fruit after 25 days, statistics is as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1 result of the test percentage of fertile fruit
Experimental group | The pollination mode | Percentage of fertile fruit (%) |
Experimental group 1 | Embodiment 3 pollen suspension liquid pollinations | 50.8 |
Experimental group 2 | Embodiment 4 pollen suspension liquid pollinations | 51.6 |
Control group 1 | Spontaneous pollination | 47.2 |
Control group 2 | Artificial point is awarded pure pollen | 34.4 |
Control group 3 | New Zealand POLLENAID suspension liquid pollination | 45.3 |
Find out that by table 1 percentage of fertile fruit of the pollen suspension of the embodiment of the invention 3 and embodiment 4 all reaches more than 50%, be higher than spontaneous pollination, the artificial percentage of fertile fruit of awarding pollen of putting; The percentage of fertile fruit that also is higher than the New Zealand POLLENAID suspension that is similarly liquid pollination; Explain that pollen suspension pollination of the present invention is respond well, can improve the percentage of fertile fruit of Xu Xiang greatly, improve orchard worker's economic benefit; Simultaneously can select male parent preferably, optimize the fruit shape of product.
Claims (9)
1. a liquid pollination of fruit trees is used pollen suspension, it is characterized in that: mainly be made up of following components in weight percentage: the water of boric acid 0.005-0.02%, nitrate of lime 0.005-0.01%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.01-0.02%, pollen 0.2-0.4% and surplus.
2. liquid pollination of fruit trees as claimed in claim 1 is used pollen suspension, it is characterized in that: also contain gum Arabic 0.005-0.2%.
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2 liquid pollination of fruit trees is used pollen suspension, and it is characterized in that: the germination rate of said pollen is 75-80%, and said water is pure water.
4. the described liquid pollination of fruit trees of claim 1 is with the preparation method of pollen suspension; It is characterized in that may further comprise the steps: get each raw material in proportion; Sodium carboxymethylcellulose is soluble in water; Add the dissolving of boric acid and nitrate of lime then, add the pollen mixing at last and be liquid pollination of fruit trees and use pollen suspension.
5. liquid pollination of fruit trees as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that with the preparation method of pollen suspension: the germination rate of said pollen is 75-80%, and said water is pure water.
6. like claim 4 or 5 described liquid pollination of fruit trees preparation method with pollen suspension; It is characterized in that: said pollen is the frozen pollen through prewetting and handling; The processing procedure of prewetting is: frozen pollen is taken out from frozen environment, transfer to rapidly in the glassware with cover, placed under the 2-8 ℃ of environment 10~12 hours; Then glassware is removed lid, place 15-22 ℃, humidity 70-80%, avoided under the environment that sunlight directly shines rewarming 2~3 hours.
7. the described liquid pollination of fruit trees of claim 2 is with the preparation method of pollen suspension; It is characterized in that may further comprise the steps: get each raw material in proportion; Sodium carboxymethylcellulose is soluble in water; Add gum Arabic again and make it dissolving, add boric acid and nitrate of lime then and dissolve, add the pollen mixing at last and be liquid pollination of fruit trees and use pollen suspension.
8. liquid pollination of fruit trees as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that with the preparation method of pollen suspension: the germination rate of said pollen is 75-80%, and said water is pure water.
9. like claim 7 or 8 described liquid pollination of fruit trees preparation method with pollen suspension; It is characterized in that: said pollen is the frozen pollen through prewetting and handling; The processing procedure of prewetting is: frozen pollen is taken out from frozen environment, transfer to rapidly in the glassware with cover, placed under the 2-8 ℃ of environment 10~12 hours; Then glassware is removed lid, place 15-22 ℃, humidity 70-80%, avoided under the environment that sunlight directly shines rewarming 2~3 hours.
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CN103392588A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-11-20 | 恩施州益寿天然果品有限公司 | Kiwi fruit suspension liquid atomizing artificial pollination method |
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CN114885824B (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-09-05 | 华南农业大学 | Artificial pollination method for white persimmon |
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