CN101743875A - Method for preparing solution of fruit tree pollen and performing pollination - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preparing solution of fruit tree pollen and performing pollination, which is characterized by making fruit tree pollen difficult to dissolve in water dissolve in water uniformly to form a stable suspension of pollen and keeping high activity of the pollen and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation. The suspension of pollen is used to pollinate fruit tree requiring cross pollination by a wet-method spray. The method comprises: firstly, preparing 5 percent aqueous solution of glucose by using glucose powder and clear water; secondly, placing a certain amount of pollen in an about 500 milliliter narrow mouth glass bottle, adding a proper amount of 5 percent aqueous solution of glucose, tightening the bottle cap and slightly shaking the bottle to prepare mother solution of the pollen; thirdly, adding the mother solution of pollen into the 5 percent solution of glucose and stirring the mixed solution for a while to prepare the stable suspension of pollen, wherein the pollen is added in a ratio of the suspension to the pollen of 3,500 to 4,000; and finally, adding solubor according to a concentration of 0.2 percent to promote the extension of pollen tubes, which is favorable for the germination of the pollen. The spray is performed before 12 o'clock or after 17 o'clock. The method has the advantages that: the problem that the pollen is difficult to dissolve in water uniformly is solved; the germination rate of the pollen can reach 85 percent or above; the pollination by spraying the solution of pollen can increase moisture and is favorable for the pollination and fruit setting of fruit trees; and the inflorescence fruit setting rate of the method is over 55.7 percent, which is 32.4 percent higher than that of other methods.

Description

A kind of preparation and pollinating method of fruit tree pollen solution

Denomination of invention

A kind of preparation and pollinating method of fruit tree pollen solution

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of preparation of fruit tree pollen aaerosol solution and use the method for pollen aaerosol solution the pollination of cross pollination fruit tree, pollen is suspension and disperses to be dissolved in the stable pollen aaerosol solution of formation in the solvent uniformly, and the greater activity that keeps pollen, use the pollination of spraying of pollen aaerosol solution, belong to the fruit tree planting technique field.

Background technology

Fruit tree has two kinds of self-pollination and cross pollinatioies.Pears, apple, cherry etc. belong to the cross pollination fruit tree, and in the plantation of cross pollination fruit tree, if all be same kind in a theatre or apple orchard, then the fruiting rate in orchard can be very low, has a strong impact on the output and the benefit in orchard.For example pear self-pollination ripening rate is that 0-5%, Chi pears are that 0-2%, Kuerle delicious pear are about 1-3%, white crisp pears are 1%; The most of kind of apple will be passed through the cross pollination process could be normally solid, but the same kind of apple is real from flower or different bow structure, often different variant because of geographical environmental condition, self-pollination ripening rate as state's light is 64% in Qingdao, in Changli, Hebei then be 7.2%, the Taigu, Shanxi is 6.4%, the Gansu acrobatic skill is 5.5%.And for example winter pearmain is 28.6% in Qingdao self-flowering fruiting rate, in Changli, Hebei, the Taigu, Shanxi, then self-pollination is shaky for the Gansu acrobatic skill.Therefore, all must a certain proportion of pollinizers of configuration during orchard such as pears, apple in production reality, could effectively improve the fruiting rate of cross pollination fruit trees such as pears, apple, reach the purpose that improves output and benefit.When building the garden as the theatre allocation ratio of pollinated variety and main breed minimum be 1: 8, could basic guarantee normal pollination.

The main breed of pears, apple has a long way to go with the market demand and the selling price of pollination with kind in the actual production, the market demand of main breed is big and benefit is better often, the kind majority that generally is used to pollinate is the old kind that not too is received by the market, the market demand and the benefit that are used for pollinated variety are very poor, influence orchard worker's income.In Kuerle delicious pear producing region, Xinjiang, Kuerle delicious pear is a main breed, pollinizers are generally adopted pear or tribute pears (being Dangshan pear), the general time of the market price of pear and tribute pears has only 1/5th of bergamot pear, price is very low, for output and the benefit that increases the main breed Kuerle delicious pear, at present generally take to reduce the ratio of bergamot pear garden pollinizers, even fully phase out pollinizers, and adopt the method for artificial supplementary pollination to improve the percentage of fertile fruit of cross pollination fruit tree, reach and improve the purpose that output increases benefit.

Produce at present and go up the percentage of fertile fruit that mainly improves the cross pollination fruit tree by artificial supplementary pollination.The pollinizers pollen that artificial supplementary pollination adopts commodity pollen or the orchard worker with main breed different cultivars (generally be with main breed pollinate effective pollinizers pollen) to gather is voluntarily exactly pollinated to main breed.Usually have artificial point award, tremble award, dry method spraying pollination etc.

This several method respectively has pluses and minuses, it is best that artificial point is awarded effect, average fruit bearing rate can reach more than 85%, mu is the 7-10 gram with pollen amount, but time-consuming, the cost of labor of cost is higher, is difficult to realize effective pollination at the best pollinated stage of blooming of fruit trees, be difficult in the actual production of land for growing field crops popularize, only small size uses in scientific research; Pollen is trembled and awarded is method commonly used in producing at present, be that pollen is directly put into (or sneaking into a certain amount of talcum powder) in the gauze bag, the gauze bag that pollen is housed is lifted certain altitude, shake pollination, its pollination speed is very fast, but the uniformity of pollination and pollination percentage of fertile fruit are relatively poor, general fruit bearing rate on average has only about 20-25%, and the pollen usage amount is bigger, waste more, to the general mu in orchard in the full bearing period with pollen more than the 30-35 gram; Dry method spraying pollination, be pollen and talcum powder evenly to be mixed the back use artificial or mechanical dry method spraying pollination, it is fast that this method has pollination speed, advantage such as efficient height, labour intensity are low, but the pollen usage amount is bigger, to the general mu in orchard in the full bearing period with pollen more than the 30-35 gram, and shortcoming such as talcum powder has certain influence to the activity of pollen, and the inflorescence fruit-setting rate is lower.

Summary of the invention

The method that the present invention relates to a kind of preparation of fruit tree pollen stable suspersion solution and utilize pollen aaerosol solution spraying pollination, it is characterized in that, in the clear water of pH value 6.5-8.2, add the food-grade powdered glucose earlier, it is standby to be mixed with 5% D/W, get a certain amount of pollen and place carboy about 500 milliliters, in vial, add again and be about accumulate score of three two about two 5% glucose solution of its appearance, tightening bottle cap jiggled about 2 minutes, make the abundant dispersion suspension of pollen be dissolved in glucose solution, be mixed with pollen glucose suspension mother liquor.Again the pollen glucose suspension mother liquor for preparing is joined in 5% the glucose solution in proportion, stir.Add the happy boron of a certain amount of speed more in proportion before the spraying pollination and stir, the pollination of can spraying of pack into then artificial sprayer or mechanical atomizer.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the fruit tree pollen suspension that adopts this method preparation, kept pollen stable suspended state in glucose solution, adopt spraying pollination speed fast, the pollen consumption is moderate, saved the pollen consumption, general first fruit phase orchard mu restrains with pollen 7-10, and the full bearing period, orchard mu restrained with pollen 20-25; Pollen is joined the pollen aaerosol solution of 5% glucose solution preparation, can effectively solve the practical problem that pollen is difficult to be dissolved in clear water, make pollen effectively to be dissolved in and form the stable pollen suspension that is uniformly dispersed in the glucose solution; Glucose solution can effectively lower the osmotic pressure of liquid to pollen, avoids breaking of pollen cell wall, thereby has kept the height of pollen to live, and the pollen germination rate can reach more than 85%; Add fast happy boron during spraying more by a certain percentage, can effectively promote pollen tube to extend, help pollen germination; Adopt the pollination of pollen aaerosol solution wet spray suitably to increase humidity, help fruit tree pollination setting, increased nutrition required when fruit tree pollinates; The inflorescence fruit-setting rate improves 32.4% than additive method, can reach 55.7%, has improved Kuerle delicious pear or other cross pollination fruit tree artificial pollination efficient and fruit-setting rate, can reduce the planting number of pollinizers in the orchard in a large number, has increased the economic benefit in orchard.

Embodiment: select the fruit tree pollen of gathering voluntarily temporarily for use or buy commodity pollen at blooming of fruit trees,, must guarantee that the vigor of pollen reaches more than 65% no matter be pollen or the commodity pollen of gathering voluntarily.The food-grade powdered glucose will be added earlier in the clear water of pH value 6.5-8.2, it is standby to be mixed with 5% D/W, the quantity of 5% D/W is decided according to orchard area, get a certain amount of pollen then and place 500 milliliters of carboys, in vial, add again and be about accumulate score of three two two 5% glucose solution of its appearance, tighten bottle cap and jiggle about 2 minutes, make the abundant dispersion suspension of pollen be dissolved in glucose solution, be mixed with pollen glucose suspension mother liquor.The pollen glucose suspension mother liquor for preparing is joined in 5% the glucose solution in proportion, stirring gets final product again.Calculate the addition of pollen according to 3500-4000 times of pollen suspension.When pollination spraying adds the fast happy boron of 30 grams according to per 15 liters of pollen suspensions again, and stirs, the sprayer of packing into the pollination of can spraying.Kuerle delicious pear just fruit phase orchard rises the pollen suspension pollination of spraying according to every mu of 15-30, and Kuerle delicious pear orchard in the full bearing period rises the pollen suspension pollination of spraying according to every mu of 75-85.Will carry out twice spraying pollination in the actual production, general initial bloom stage spraying pollination once is about about 1/4th of total spray amount, and full-bloom stage spraying pollination once is about about 3/4ths of total spray amount.Spray time is typically chosen in before at 12 o'clock in the morning or after at 5 o'clock in afternoon and carries out.

Claims (4)

1. fruit tree pollen formulations prepared from solutions and pollinating method, it is characterized in that to make the very difficult water-soluble stable pollen suspension of the uniform formation soluble in water of fruit tree pollen, and keep good pollen activity, use the pollen aaerosol solution that the cross pollination fruit tree is carried out the wet spray pollination.It is characterized in that operating procedure is followed successively by, it is standby at first to be mixed with 5% D/W with the clear water of food-grade powdered glucose and pH value 6.5-8.2.

2. get a certain amount of pollen and place carboy about 500 milliliters, 5% D/W that an amount of again adding has prepared is tightened bottle cap and is jiggled, and makes pollen be well-dispersed in D/W, is made into the pollen mother liquor.The pollen mother liquor of preparation is joined in 5% the glucose solution, stir a moment, pollen just is stable pollen solution.

3. the addition of pollen is calculated according to the proportioning of 3500 times of-4000 times of pollen suspensions.

4. add fast happy boron according to 0.2% concentration again before the spraying and stir, spray then, spray time is chosen in before at 12 o'clock in the morning or after at 5 o'clock in afternoon and carried out.