CN102106253A - Preparation method of fruit tree pollen solution and pollination method - Google Patents
Preparation method of fruit tree pollen solution and pollination method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a fruit tree pollen solution and a pollination method. The preparation method of the pollen solution comprises the steps of: adding food grade glucose powder into cleaning water with the PH value of 6.5-8.2, preparing glucose water solution with the percentage concentration by weight of 4-7% for later use according to the weight, adding the acquired pollen into the glucose water solution according to the proportion that 2-5g of pollen is added into each 100g of the glucose water solution, and evenly stirring to lead the pollen to be suspended in the glucose water solution, so that the obtained pollen glucose suspended mother solution is the fruit tree pollen solution of the invention. The use method of the fruit tree pollen solution comprises the steps of diluting by the glucose water solution and adding the Solubor according to 0.1-0.3% weight to atomize and pollinate. Compared with the prior art, due to the use of the fruit tree pollen suspension, the artificial pollinating efficiency and the fruit-bearing rate are improved, and the planting quantity of the pollinating tree in an orchard garden can be greatly reduced, so that the economic benefit of the orchard garden is further increased, and the invention has the advantages of being fast in applying speed, easy to control the use level of the pollination, good in pollination effect, and pollen use level-saving.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation and pollinating method of fruit tree pollen solution, particularly a kind of preparation of fruit tree pollen suspension and use the method for this pollen suspension to cross pollination fruit tree pollination belongs to the fruit tree planting technique field.
Background technology
Fruit tree has two kinds of self-pollination and cross pollinatioies.Pears, apple, cherry etc. belong to the cross pollination fruit tree, and in the plantation of cross pollination fruit tree, if all be same kind in a theatre or apple orchard, then the fruiting rate in orchard can be very low, will have a strong impact on the output and the benefit in orchard.For example pear self-pollination ripening rate is that 0-5%, Chi pears are that 0-2%, Kuerle delicious pear are that 1-3%, white crisp pears are 1%; The most of kind of apple will be passed through the cross pollination process could be normally solid, but the same kind of apple is real from flower or different bow structure, often different variant because of geographical environmental condition, self-pollination ripening rate as state's light is 64% in Qingdao, in Changli, Hebei then is 7.2%, Shanxi is 6.4% romote antiquity, the Gansu acrobatic skill is 5.5%.And for example winter pearmain is 28.6% in Qingdao self-flowering fruiting rate, in Changli, Hebei, Shanxi romote antiquity, Gansu acrobatic skill self-pollination is then shaky.
Therefore, in actual production, all must dispose a certain proportion of pollinizers during orchards such as pears, apple, could effectively improve the fruiting rate of cross pollination fruit trees such as pears, apple, reach the purpose that improves output and benefit.The allocation ratio of pollinated variety and main breed is minimum for 1:8 when building the garden as the theatre, could guarantee normal pollination substantially.
The main breed of pears, apple has a long way to go with the market demand and the selling price of pollination with kind in the actual production, the market demand of main breed is big and benefit is better often, the kind majority that generally is used to pollinate is the old kind that not too is received by the market, the market demand and benefit are very poor, influence orchard worker's income.
In Kuerle delicious pear producing region, Xinjiang, Kuerle delicious pear is a main breed, pollinizers are generally adopted pear or tribute pears (being Dangshan pear), the general time of the market price of pear and tribute pears has only 1/5th of bergamot pear, price is very low, for output and the benefit that increases the main breed Kuerle delicious pear, at present generally take to reduce the ratio of bergamot pear garden pollinizers, even fully phase out pollinizers, and adopt the method for artificial supplementary pollination to improve the fruit-setting rate of cross pollination fruit tree, reach and improve the purpose that output increases benefit.
Mainly improve the fruit-setting rate of cross pollination fruit tree in the present actual production by artificial supplementary pollination.The pollination pollen that artificial supplementary pollination adopts commodity pollen or the orchard worker with main breed different cultivars (generally being to choose and the main breed effective pollinizers pollen of pollinating) to gather is voluntarily exactly pollinated to main breed.
Because pollen is water insoluble, and in inserting water the time, pollen swims on the water surface with can becoming bulk, be difficult for evenly spreading in the aqueous solution, therefore cause the extremely low problem of pollen availability when adopting wet spray, thus the method for artificial supplementary pollination at present have usually artificial point award, tremble award, dry method spraying pollination etc.Above-mentioned several method respectively has pluses and minuses.It is best that artificial point is awarded effect, and average inflorescence fruit-setting rate can reach more than 64.6%, and mu is that 7-10 restrains with pollen amount, but it is time-consuming, the cost of labor of cost is higher, particularly is difficult to realize pollination effectively at the best pollinated stage of blooming of fruit trees, is difficult to popularize in the actual production of land for growing field crops; Pollen is trembled and awarded is method commonly used in producing at present, be by the 1:6-8(filler pollen) put in the gauze bag, the gauze bag that pollen is housed is lifted certain altitude, shake pollination, its pollination speed is very fast, but the uniformity of pollination and pollination fruit-setting rate are relatively poor, general inflorescence fruit-setting rate on average has only about 20-25%, and the pollen usage amount is bigger, waste more, to the general mu in orchard in the full bearing period with pollen more than the 30-35 gram; Dry method spraying pollination, be pollen and filler (as talcum powder) evenly to be mixed the back use mechanical dry method spraying pollination, it is fast that this method has pollination speed, advantage such as high efficiency, labour intensity are low, but the pollen usage amount is bigger, to the general mu in orchard in the full bearing period with more than the pollen 30-35 gram, and shortcoming such as talcum powder has certain influence to the activity of pollen, and the inflorescence fruit-setting rate is lower.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly can make pollen be that suspension is scattered in the solvent equably and keep the pollen greater activity and form stable pollen aaerosol solution and the preparation method of this pollen aaerosol solution of document and the method for using this pollen suspension to carry out the wet spray pollination, the method for particularly using this fruit tree pollen suspension that the cross pollination fruit tree is pollinated.
Pollen solution of the present invention prepares by the following method:
In the clear water of pH value 6.5-8.2, add the food-grade powdered glucose, the D/W that is mixed with weight percent concentration 4～7% by weight is standby, the ratio that adds 2-5g pollen in the above-mentioned D/W of every 100g adds the pollen of being gathered in the D/W, stirring makes pollen be suspension in D/W, gets pollen glucose suspension mother liquor and is fruit tree pollen solution of the present invention.
Above-mentioned pollen glucose suspension mother liquor is preferably by following process preparation:
In container, add by container capacity earlier and be no more than 2/3 D/W, again by the capacity of container can splendid attire D/W should add the pollen amount capacity and get pollen and add in the container and stir, make pollen in D/W, be after the suspension, press container capacity again and continue to add D/W, make the pollen that dissolves in the D/W reach 2-5g/100g.
Stirring in the above-mentioned fruit tree pollen solution process for preparation is preferably:
In carboy, add D/Ws, pollen is added the airtight bottleneck in back stir or rocked 3-4 minute, the agglomerating pollen that floats on the water surface is fully broken up under the agitating of external force, evenly spread in the D/W by 50 ~ 66% of its volume.
The application of above-mentioned fruit tree pollen solution in the pear tree cultivation:
By weight described fruit tree pollen solution is joined 2000-3500 doubly in the D/W of 4 ~ 7% weight percent concentration, stir the pollen aaerosol solution is mixed as flushing liquor the pollination of spraying of the pear tree at florescence.
Use above-mentioned flushing liquor to spray before the pollination preferably 0.1 ~ 0.3% adding fast happy boron and stirring artificial sprayer or the tractor-hitched sprayer pollination of spraying of packing into by weight.
Now with the current during spraying pollination behind the happy boron of above-mentioned preparation speed, be preferably in spraying within an hour after the preparation.
Above-mentioned spraying pollination preferably is chosen in before at 10 o'clock in morning local time or after at 4 o'clock in afternoon to be carried out.
The general phase orchard mu of fruit just flushing liquor 15-20 kilogram
,The full bearing period, orchard mu was with flushing liquor 30-40 kilogram.
Fruit tree pollen suspension of the present invention has solved in the past effectively, and pollen swims on the water surface with becoming bulk, can not evenly spread in the aqueous solution, cause the extremely low problem of pollen availability, make pollen can be distributed to the stable pollen suspension of formation in the aqueous solution full and uniformly, be very suitable for pollinating by mechanical spraying, the general phase orchard mu of fruit just restrains with pollen 7-10, the full bearing period, orchard mu restrained with pollen 15-25, simultaneously, D/W can effectively slow down the osmotic pressure of liquid to pollen, avoid breaking of pollen cell wall, thereby the high activity that has kept pollen, be mixed with pollen suspension after 0.5 hour sampling inspection results show that the pollen germination rate can reach more than 85%; During spraying again the concentration by 0.2% add fast happy boron, can effectively promote pollen tube to extend, help pollen germination; Adopt the pollination of pollen suspension wet spray also can suitably increase humidity, helping the fruit tree pollination bears fruit, increased nutrition required when fruit tree pollinates, through measuring and calculating, the inflorescence fruit-setting rate has improved 64.6% than in the past, Kuerle delicious pear inflorescence fruit-setting rate reaches at 38% o'clock and can obtain high yield in the production in the past, can reach 45.3% by pear flower preface fruit-setting rate after the inventive method, Kuerle delicious pear artificial pollination efficient and fruit-setting rate have been significantly improved, pollen of the present invention suspends in the molten plantation that also can be applied to other cross pollination fruit trees to improve artificial pollination efficient and fruit-setting rate, can reduce the planting number of pollinizers in the orchard in a large number, and then increase the economic benefit in orchard.With respect to prior art, the present invention has that application rate is fast, the pollen consumption is easy to control, pollinate advantage effective, that can save the pollen consumption.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: select the fruit tree pollen of gathering voluntarily temporarily for use or buy commodity pollen at blooming of fruit trees, no matter be pollen or the commodity pollen of gathering voluntarily, must guarantee that the vigor of pollen reaches more than 65%.The food-grade powdered glucose will be added earlier in the clear water of pH value 6.5-8.2, it is standby to be mixed with 5% D/W, the quantity of 5% D/W is decided according to orchard area, in carboy, add the pollen and the 5% D/W (pollen: 5% D/W=1 gram: 40g) that are about its volume 2/3 then, tightening bottle cap jiggled 3-4 minute, the agglomerating pollen that floats on the water surface is fully broken up under the agitating of external force, evenly spread in the D/W, promptly make fruit tree pollen solution.Again the pollen glucose suspension mother liquor for preparing is poured in 5% G/W for preparing in advance, stirred, promptly make stable pollen suspension.The addition of pollen is calculated according to the proportioning of 2000-3500 times of pollen suspension.Add fast happy boron according to 0.2% concentration again before the spraying and stir, the pollination of can spraying of pack into then artificial sprayer or tractor-hitched sprayer.Kuerle delicious pear just fruit phase orchard rises pollen suspension, the full bearing period every mu of 75-85 according to every mu of 15-20 and rises the pollen suspension pollination of spraying.To carry out twice spraying pollination in the actual production, promptly contain and spend phase beginning and full-bloom stage respectively to spray pollination once.Spray time is typically chosen in before at 12 o'clock in the morning or after at 6 o'clock in afternoon and carries out.
Embodiment 2: the clear water of getting pH value 6.5, add the food-grade powdered glucose, the D/W that is mixed with weight percent concentration 5% is standby, get the 500ml bottle, add the 300g D/W earlier, add 25g pollen again, airtight bottleneck rocked for 60 times/minute 3-4 minute, pollen is in D/W after the even suspension, continue again to add D/W to 500g, get fruit tree pollen solution, above-mentioned described fruit tree pollen solution is joined in the D/W of 1000Kg weight percent concentration 5%, stirring mixes as flushing liquor the pollen aaerosol solution; Before sprinkling within an hour, 0.1% adding fast happy boron and stirring and pack sprayer into by weight to the pollination of spraying of the pear tree at florescence.In the area pollination of spraying before at 10 o'clock in morning local time (at 12 o'clock in morning Beijing time) of Kuerle, Xinjiang, mu can spray 50 mu of orchards with 20 kilograms of flushing liquors.
Embodiment 3: the clear water of getting pH value 7.0, adding the food-grade powdered glucose, to be mixed with the D/W of weight percent concentration 7% standby, get the above-mentioned grape sugar aqueous solution of 1000g and add 30g pollen, mixed 3 ~ 4 minutes by 60 rev/mins of rotating speeds, make pollen in D/W, be uniform suspension, get fruit tree pollen solution, by weight above-mentioned fruit tree pollen solution is joined in the D/W of 2500Kg7% weight percent concentration, stir and the pollen aaerosol solution was mixed as flushing liquor in 3 minutes; When the Afternoon Local Time 4 of Kuerle, Xinjiang area (at 6 o'clock in afternoon Beijing time) by weight 0.3% add fast happy boron, with tractor-hitched sprayer by mu with 35 kilograms of flushing liquors to the pear tree pollination of spraying, can spray 70 mu of orchards.
Embodiment 4: the clear water of getting pH value 8.0, adding the food-grade powdered glucose, to be mixed with the D/W of weight percent concentration 4% standby, get the 1000ml bottle, add the 500g D/W earlier, add 40g pollen again, airtight bottleneck rocked for 40 times/minute 3-4 minute, pollen is in D/W after the even suspension, continue again to add D/W to 1000g, get fruit tree pollen solution, above-mentioned described fruit tree pollen solution is joined in the D/W of 3000Kg weight percent concentration 4%, and stirring mixes as flushing liquor the pollen aaerosol solution; When the Afternoon Local Time 4 of Kuerle, Xinjiang area (at 6 o'clock in afternoon Beijing time) by weight 0.2% add fast happy boron, with tractor-hitched sprayer by mu with 30 kilograms of flushing liquors to the pear tree pollination of spraying, can spray 100 mu of orchards.
Embodiment 5: the clear water of getting pH value 7.5, adding the food-grade powdered glucose, to be mixed with the D/W of weight percent concentration 4% standby, the amount of trying to please is greater than the graduated glass of 1500ml, add the 600g D/W earlier, add 50g pollen again, stirred 3-4 minute for 60 rev/mins with glass bar, pollen is in D/W after the even suspension, continue again to add D/W to 1200g, get fruit tree pollen solution, above-mentioned described fruit tree pollen solution is joined in the D/W of 4200Kg weight percent concentration 4%, and stirring mixes as flushing liquor the pollen aaerosol solution; When the Afternoon Local Time 4 of Kuerle, Xinjiang area (at 6 o'clock in afternoon Beijing time) by weight 0.15% add fast happy boron, with sprayer by mu with 40 kilograms of flushing liquors to the pear tree pollination of spraying, can spray 100 surplus mu orchard.
Embodiment 6: the clear water of getting pH value 6.8, add the food-grade powdered glucose, the D/W that is mixed with weight percent concentration 6% is standby, the amount of trying to please is greater than the graduated glass of 1500ml, add the 600g D/W earlier, add 70g pollen again, stirred 3-4 minute for 60 rev/mins with glass bar, pollen is in D/W after the even suspension, continue again to add D/W to 1500g, get fruit tree pollen solution, above-mentioned described fruit tree pollen solution is joined in the D/W of 5200Kg weight percent concentration 6%, stirring mixes as flushing liquor the pollen aaerosol solution; When the Afternoon Local Time 4 of Kuerle, Xinjiang area (at 6 o'clock in afternoon Beijing time) by weight 0.25% add fast happy boron, with tractor-hitched sprayer by mu with 25 kilograms of flushing liquors to the pear tree pollination of spraying, can spray 200 surplus mu orchard.
Embodiment 7: the clear water of getting pH value 7.5, add the food-grade powdered glucose, the D/W that is mixed with weight percent concentration 5% is standby, get above-mentioned grape sugar aqueous solution 750g, add pollen 30g, stirred 3 ~ 4 minutes by 60 rev/mins of rotating speeds, make pollen in D/W, be uniform suspension, get fruit tree pollen solution.Regional at 7 o'clock in morning local time (at 9 o'clock in morning Beijing time) in the Kuerle, Xinjiang, the D/W of getting above-mentioned fruit tree pollen solution 250g adding 500Kg5% stirs, the fast happy boron of 0.15% adding by weight, add tractor-hitched sprayer by mu with 25 kilograms of flushing liquors to the pear tree pollination of spraying, been sprayed in 1 hour can be sprayed 20 mu of orchards.Repeated the aforesaid operations process at 8 o'clock and 9 o'clock respectively: the D/W of at every turn getting fruit tree pollen solution 250g adding 500Kg5% stirs, by weight 0.15% add fast happy boron, add tractor-hitched sprayer by mu with 25 kilograms of flushing liquors to the pear tree pollination of spraying.Can finish altogether and spray 60 mu of orchards.
Embodiment 8: the clear water of getting pH value 7.2, add the food-grade powdered glucose, the D/W that is mixed with weight percent concentration 5% is standby, get in the pear pollen 50g adding 1000g D/W and get fruit tree pollen solution, fruit tree pollen solution is joined in the D/W of 3500Kg weight percent concentration 5%, and stirring mixes as flushing liquor the pollen aaerosol solution; In Kuerle, Xinjiang area at 7 o'clock in morning local time (at 9 o'clock in morning Beijing time) by weight 0.3% add fast happy boron, with tractor-hitched sprayer by mu with 35 kilograms of flushing liquors to the pear tree pollination of spraying, can spray 100 mu of orchards.
Embodiment 9: the clear water of getting pH value 7.6, add the food-grade powdered glucose, the D/W that is mixed with weight percent concentration 5% is standby, in the bottle of 300ml capacity, add the 100g D/W, add pear pollen 10g, the oscillating and shaking that seals a bottle stirred 3-4 minute, pollen is in D/W after the even suspension, continue to add D/W again and get fruit tree pollen solution to 200g, fruit tree pollen solution is joined in the D/W of 400Kg weight percent concentration 5%, and stirring mixes as flushing liquor the pollen aaerosol solution; In Kuerle, Xinjiang area at 7 o'clock in morning local time (at 9 o'clock in morning Beijing time) by weight 0.25% add fast happy boron, with artificial sprayer by mu with 40 kilograms of flushing liquors to the pear tree pollination of spraying, can spray 10 mu of orchards.
Embodiment 10: the clear water of getting pH value 7.0, add the food-grade powdered glucose, the D/W that is mixed with weight percent concentration 4% is standby, getting pear pollen 5g adds in the 100g D/W, stirred 5 minutes with glass bar, make pollen be even suspension in D/W and get fruit tree pollen solution, fruit tree pollen solution is joined in the D/W of 200Kg weight percent concentration 4%, stirring mixes as flushing liquor the pollen aaerosol solution; In Kuerle, Xinjiang area at 7 o'clock in morning local time (at 9 o'clock in morning Beijing time) by weight 0.2% add fast happy boron, with artificial sprayer by mu with 40 kilograms of flushing liquors to the pear tree pollination of spraying, can spray 25 mu of orchards.
Embodiment 11: the clear water of getting pH value 7.0, add the food-grade powdered glucose, the D/W that is mixed with weight percent concentration 5% is standby, in the bottle of 1000ml capacity, add the 550g D/W, add pear pollen 45g, the oscillating and shaking that seals a bottle stirred 3-4 minute, oscillating and shaking frequency 40 ~ 60 times/minute, pollen is in D/W after the even suspension, add again D/W to bottle full fruit tree pollen solution, fruit tree pollen solution is joined in the D/W of 3000Kg weight percent concentration 5%, and stirring mixes as flushing liquor the pollen aaerosol solution; In Kuerle, Xinjiang area at 7 o'clock in morning local time (at 9 o'clock in morning Beijing time) by weight 0.25% add fast happy boron, with airborne sprayer by mu with 25 kilograms of flushing liquors to the pear tree pollination of spraying, can spray 120 mu in orchard.
Embodiment 12: the clear water of getting pH value 6.8, add the food-grade powdered glucose, the D/W that is mixed with weight percent concentration 5% is standby, in the bottle of 1000ml capacity, add the 600g D/W, add pear pollen 35g, the oscillating and shaking that seals a bottle stirred 3-4 minute, oscillating and shaking frequency 40 ~ 60 times/minute, pollen is in D/W after the even suspension, add again D/W to bottle full fruit tree pollen solution, fruit tree pollen solution is joined in the D/W of 2500Kg weight percent concentration 5%, and stirring mixes as flushing liquor the pollen aaerosol solution; When the Afternoon Local Time 3 of Kuerle, Xinjiang area (at 5 o'clock in afternoon Beijing time) by weight 0.25% add fast happy boron, with airborne sprayer by mu with 25 kilograms of flushing liquors to the pear tree pollination of spraying, can spray 100 mu in orchard.
Claims (8)
1. the preparation method of a pollen solution, it is characterized in that: get and add the food-grade powdered glucose in the clear water of pH value 6.5-8.2, the D/W that is mixed with weight percent concentration 4～7% by weight is standby, the ratio that adds 2-5g pollen in every 100g D/W adds the pollen of being gathered in the D/W, and stirring makes pollen be suspension in D/W.
2. the preparation method of pollen solution according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described pollen glucose suspension mother liquor is prepared by following process: be no more than 2/3 D/W by the container capacity adding earlier in container, again by the capacity of container can splendid attire D/W should add the pollen amount capacity and get pollen and add in the container and stir, make pollen in D/W, be after the suspension, press container capacity again and continue to add D/W, make the pollen that dissolves in the D/W reach 2-5g/100g.
3. the compound method of pollen solution according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described stirring is: in carboy, add D/W, pollen is added the airtight bottleneck in back to be stirred or rocked 3-4 minute, the agglomerating pollen that floats on the water surface is fully broken up under the agitating of external force, evenly spread in the D/W.
4. a pollen solution is characterized in that according to the described method preparation of the arbitrary claim of claim 1 ~ 3.
5. application according to the described pollen solution of each claim of claim 1 ~ 4, it is characterized in that: by weight described pollen solution is joined 2000-3500 doubly in the D/W of 4 ~ 7% weight percent concentration, stir the pollen aaerosol solution is mixed as flushing liquor the pollination of spraying of the pear tree at florescence.
6. the application of pollen solution according to claim 5 is characterized in that: in described flushing liquor by weight 0.1 ~ 0.3% add fast happy boron.
7. the application of pollen solution according to claim 6 is characterized in that: flushing liquor the spraying within an hour after preparation behind the fast happy boron of described preparation.
8. according to the application of claim 5,6 or 7 described pollen solution, it is characterized in that: use flushing liquor spraying pollination to be chosen in before at 10 o'clock in morning local time or after at 4 o'clock in afternoon and carry out.
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| CN200910113611A CN101743875A (en) | 2009-12-29 | 2009-12-29 | Method for preparing solution of fruit tree pollen and performing pollination |
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| CN 201010585194 CN102106253A (en) | 2009-12-29 | 2010-12-13 | Preparation method of fruit tree pollen solution and pollination method |
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| CN106069727A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-09 | 固镇县华丰农业有限公司 | A kind of artificial pollination method for pear tree |
| CN112088770A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-18 | 新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所 | High-activity pollen suspension for spray pollination of Korla pear tree and preparation and pollination methods thereof |
| CN112205293A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-01-12 | 塔里木大学 | Liquid pollination technology for Korla bergamot pear unmanned aerial vehicle |
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| CN101743875A (en) * | 2009-12-29 | 2010-06-23 | 新疆生产建设兵团农二师农业科学研究所 | Method for preparing solution of fruit tree pollen and performing pollination |
| CN103929949A (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2014-07-16 | 先锋国际良种公司 | Large scale method for dispensing grains of pollen |
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| CN104663429A (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2015-06-03 | 福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所 | Pollen solution for improving internal quality of murcotts, as well as preparation method and application of pollen solution |
| CN106069253B (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2019-06-07 | 山东梦农农业科技有限公司 | A kind of pollinating method of greenhouse crops |
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