CN114885824A - Artificial pollination method for white persimmon - Google Patents
Artificial pollination method for white persimmon Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for artificial pollination of white persimmon, and relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting. The method comprises the following steps: (1) pollen collection, (2) pollen suspension preparation, (3) artificial pollination; the method is simple to operate, economical and practical, the fruit setting rate of the inflorescences after artificial pollination reaches 60-70%, and the fruit setting rate of flowers reaches 25-35%; compared with the natural pollination, the fruit setting rate of the inflorescence is improved by 35-45%, compared with the natural pollination, the fruit setting rate of the flower is improved by 20-30%, the big fruit rate is high, the fruit quality is good, and the production applicability is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a method for artificial pollination of white persimmon.
Background
Diospyros kaki (Casimiroa edulis Llave & Lex), also known as icecream fruit, white human heart fruit, and Mexico apple, belongs to the genus Myrica of Rutaceae, and is a evergreen medium-sized arbor. The origin of white persimmon is in mexico and central america, and belongs to tropical and subtropical fruits. The white persimmon blooms between 12 months and 3 months in the next year in China, and the mature period of the fruits is 5-7 months. The fruit is nearly spherical or oblate, the peel is light green or yellow green, the pulp is white or yellow, the fruit is soft and sweet, the fragrance is strong, and the sugar degree is different from 14 to 20 degrees. The commercial cultivation of white persimmon as a new fruit in China has also been started in recent years. Because of the novelty of the fruit and the richness of the nutritive value of the fruit, the fruit is favored by consumers, and has high selling price and wide market prospect.
White persimmon is a new tropical fruit, the economic cultivation area of China is continuously expanded in recent years, but white persimmon of a main cultivated variety W4 is found in the planting production of fruit growers, so that the problems of large flower quantity, few fruit setting and low achievement rate are solved. Preliminary observations have shown that: the serious problem of fruit drop of the 'W4' white persimmon is probably due to the fact that the anther of the white persimmon is underdeveloped and does not contain pollen, so that the white persimmon cannot pollinate and fertilize, and a large amount of fruit drop is caused; meanwhile, the white persimmon is mainly pollinated through insect activities, but the flowering phase is mainly 1-2 months, the temperature is low, the insect activities are not active, and the natural pollination fruit setting rate is still low and extremely unstable under the condition of configuring a pollination tree. Therefore, artificial pollination of the white persimmon is a good method for improving the fruiting quantity, but the artificial pollination technology of the white persimmon is not researched systematically at present in China, and the related technology is short.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for artificial pollination of white persimmon, and aims to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention mainly adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for artificial pollination of white persimmon comprises the following steps:
s1 pollen collection, namely selecting a white persimmon variety plant which is strong in growth, free of plant diseases and insect pests and has pollen, collecting the whole flower in the same day after a small flower bud is opened, naturally airing water drops on the surface of the flower, and picking off the anther by using tweezers or directly putting the whole small flower into a centrifugal tube;
s2 preparing pollen suspension, adding pollen anther or whole small flower into the suspension when the pollen suspension reaches the field pollination place, and shaking up to make the pollen suspension become light yellow and the pollen is suspended in the solution uniformly;
s3 artificial pollination: pollination is carried out in batches at the early stage of blooming of the white persimmon, inflorescences with more than half of flowers bloomes on the inflorescences are selected, and artificial pollination is carried out firstly.
In the present invention, in step S1, the pollen collection time is 11:00-15:00 a.m.
As one embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, before the anther is placed in the centrifugal tube, it should be observed whether the anther is cracked, and for the cracked anther, the cracked anther is directly stored in the centrifugal tube; the uncracked anthers are firstly spread in a culture dish paved with paper and placed in a cool and ventilated place indoors, and then stored in a centrifugal tube after the anthers are cracked.
Preferably, in step S1, the anthers or flowers are loaded in batches into a plurality of centrifuge tubes, and the amount of the anthers or flowers loaded in each centrifuge tube is 1/3-1 times of the height of the centrifuge tube.
As one embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, if the anther is put into the centrifuge tube, the bag containing 0.5g of silica gel desiccant is also put into the centrifuge tube to avoid direct contact between silica gel and pollen, and then the centrifuge tube is put into the self-sealing bag to be sealed and stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for standby; if the flower is placed in a centrifuge tube, the flower is directly soaked with the suspension.
Preferably, in step S2, the suspension includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: every 100 parts of water contains 8-12 parts of cane sugar, 0.08-0.12 part of agar, 0.01-0.05 part of boric acid and 0.01-0.05 part of calcium nitrate.
Further, the preparation method of the suspension comprises the following steps: respectively adding 8-12 parts of sucrose, 0.08-0.12 part of agar, 0.01-0.05 part of boric acid and 0.01-0.05 part of calcium nitrate into 100 parts of water, heating and stirring uniformly at 90-100 ℃, standing and cooling for later use, and finishing using the prepared suspension within two days.
In the invention, in the step S3, flower thinning and bud thinning treatment is carried out before pollination, deformed flowers and thin-stalk weak flowers are removed, top flowers and thick-stalk strong flowers in inflorescences are reserved, and 4-6 flowers in each inflorescence are reserved for pollination.
Further, in the step S3, the specific operation of artificial pollination is one of the following methods:
(1) if the prepared pollen suspension is 10-50ml, dipping the pollen suspension by using a writing brush, and slightly smearing the pollen suspension on the stigma to ensure that a layer of water mist is adhered to the stigma after pollination;
(2) if the prepared pollen suspension amount reaches more than 200ml, a spray pollination mode is adopted, the pollen suspension is filled into a sprayer, the spray pollination mode is directly aimed at the inflorescence which is subjected to flower thinning and bud thinning treatment, and after each spray, the surface of the flower and the stigma is observed to have fine water drops.
In addition, in the step S3, the time of artificial pollination is 12 months to 2 months of the next year of the blooming period of the white persimmon.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the collection time of the pollen is 11:00-15:00 in the morning, the time period is positive, the anther of the pollen cracks and looses the pollen, the quantity of the collected pollen is large, and the germination capacity of the pollen is highest and reaches about 35 percent; meanwhile, a natural shade powder dispersing method is adopted for the anther which is not cracked, so that the influence of constant-temperature drying on the reduction of the activity of the white persimmon pollen is avoided; the pollen storage is carried out by putting the pollen and a silica gel drying agent together, so that the pollen can absorb moisture, is stored in a dry and closed environment, is sealed and then is placed in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, and can still keep the pollen vitality which is not similar to that of fresh pollen after being stored for one month;
2. the pollen suspension prepared by the invention can uniformly disperse the added pollen in the pollen liquid without sinking into the bottom of the container on one hand because 0.1 percent of agar is added; on the other hand, the pollen liquid can be ensured to have certain viscosity, so that the pollen liquid can be conveniently stuck on the female stamen head without falling off, and meanwhile, 0.03 part of boric acid and 0.03 part of calcium nitrate are added, so that the germination of the white persimmon pollen can be effectively promoted;
3. in the invention, flower and bud thinning treatment is carried out on inflorescences before pollination, deformed flowers and weak flowers are thinned out in advance, and the nutrient consumption of the whole tree body due to large flowering quantity is reduced; meanwhile, the nutrition competition caused by more fruit setting on one inflorescence is reduced, so that the physiological fruit drop in the fruit development process is reduced, the fruit growth and development are fast, the fruit shape is attractive, and the big fruit rate is high;
4. the artificial pollination method of the white persimmon is simple to operate, economical and practical, and the fruit setting rate of the inflorescence after artificial pollination according to the method reaches 60-70% and the fruit setting rate of the flowers reaches 25-35%; compared with the natural pollination, the fruit setting rate of the inflorescence is improved by 35 to 45 percent, and compared with the natural pollination, the fruit setting rate of the flower is improved by 20 to 30 percent, thus having good production applicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows anther morphology and pollen germination at different pollen collection times in the present invention; wherein, the acquisition time of the graph A is 8:00-10: 00; FIG. B is a graph in which the acquisition time is 11:00-15: 00; FIG. C acquisition time 16:00-18: 00;
FIG. 2 shows pollen germination rates for different pollen collection times and treatment modes in the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the germination rate of pollen under different storage temperature conditions in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing fruit setting rate comparison among different pollination modes in the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the results after pollination using the method of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a picture of the appearance of fruit after pollination using the method of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples may help one skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
The artificial pollination method for the white persimmon comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting pollen, namely selecting a plant of a white persimmon variety which is robust in growth, free of diseases and insect pests and provided with pollen, collecting the pollen at 11:00-15:00 am on sunny days, wherein buds are already opened, most of anthers are cracked and loose, the whole small flower can be collected, the anthers are picked off by using tweezers, and the cracked anthers and the pollen anthers can be directly stored in a 2-5ml centrifugal tube; spreading the uncracked anther in a culture dish paved with paper, placing the culture dish in a cool and ventilated place indoors for 8-10h to crack, and storing the cracked anther in a 2-5ml centrifugal tube in the same way after cracking;
(2) pollen treatment and storage, namely putting a small bag of 0.5g of silica gel desiccant into a centrifugal tube containing pollen anther, paying attention to that the pollen should be put into a plurality of centrifugal tubes in batches and in proper amount, wherein the amount of the anther put into each centrifugal tube is 1/3 times of the height of the centrifugal tube, avoiding the direct contact of silica gel and pollen, putting the centrifugal tubes into a self-sealing bag for sealing, and storing the centrifugal tubes in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use;
(3) preparing pollen suspension, namely taking pollen anther stored in a centrifugal tube out in advance within 1-2 hours before pollination, putting the pollen anther in a room for rewarming and thawing, and then preparing the suspension according to the following method: respectively adding 8 parts of cane sugar, 0.08 part of agar, 0.05 part of boric acid and 0.05 part of calcium nitrate into 100 parts of water, heating and uniformly stirring at 90-100 ℃, standing and cooling for later use, adding pollen into the suspension when the pollen finally reaches a field pollination place, fully oscillating and uniformly shaking after adding the pollen, and uniformly suspending the pollen in the suspension, wherein the amount of the pollen is about 0.1% of the suspension, and the optimal amount is that when the pollen suspension is just faint yellow;
(4) and (3) artificial pollination, namely performing batch pollination in 12 months to 2 months of the next year in the flowering period of the white persimmon, selecting inflorescences with more than half of small flowers bloomes on the inflorescences, performing artificial pollination, performing flower thinning and bud thinning treatment on the inflorescences before pollination, removing abnormal flowers and weak flowers with thin stalks, reserving top flowers and strong flowers with thick stalks in the inflorescences, and reserving 4-6 flowers in each inflorescence for pollination. When pollination is carried out, if the prepared pollen suspension liquid amount reaches more than 200ml, the pollen suspension liquid can be filled into a sprayer by adopting a spray pollination mode, the pollen suspension liquid is directly sprayed to inflorescences subjected to flower thinning and bud thinning treatment, the spraying amount at one time is not too large, fine water drops on the surfaces of flowers and stigma are observed after spraying each time, the using amount of the pollen suspension liquid is saved, and meanwhile, the prepared pollen suspension liquid needs to be used up within 4 hours and is ready to use.
Example 2
(1) Collecting pollen, namely selecting a plant of a white persimmon variety which is robust in growth, free of diseases and insect pests and provided with pollen, collecting the pollen at 11:00-15:00 am on sunny days, wherein buds are already opened, most of anthers are cracked and loose, the whole small flower can be collected, the anthers are picked off by using tweezers, and the cracked anthers and the pollen anthers can be directly stored in a 2-5ml centrifugal tube; spreading the uncracked anther in a culture dish paved with paper, placing the culture dish in a cool and ventilated place indoors for 8-10h to crack, and storing the cracked anther in a 2-5ml centrifugal tube in the same way after cracking;
(2) pollen treatment and storage, namely putting a small bag of 0.5g of silica gel desiccant into a centrifugal tube containing pollen anther, paying attention to that the pollen should be put into a plurality of centrifugal tubes in batches in proper amount, wherein the amount of the anther filled into each centrifugal tube is 1/2 times of the height of the centrifugal tube, avoiding the direct contact of silica gel and pollen, then putting the centrifugal tubes into a self-sealing bag for sealing, and storing the centrifugal tubes in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use;
(3) preparing pollen suspension, namely taking pollen anther stored in a centrifugal tube out in advance within 1-2 hours before pollination, putting the pollen anther in a room for rewarming and thawing, and then preparing the suspension according to the following method: respectively adding 10 parts of cane sugar, 0.1 part of agar, 0.03 part of boric acid and 0.03 part of calcium nitrate into 100 parts of water, heating and uniformly stirring at 90-100 ℃, standing and cooling for later use, adding pollen into the suspension when the pollen finally reaches a field pollination place, fully oscillating and uniformly shaking after adding the pollen, and uniformly suspending the pollen in the suspension, wherein the amount of the pollen is about 0.1% of the suspension, and the optimal amount is that when the pollen suspension is just faint yellow;
(4) and (3) artificial pollination, namely performing batch pollination in 12 months to 2 months of the next year in the flowering period of the white persimmon, selecting inflorescences with more than half of small flowers bloomes on the inflorescences, performing artificial pollination, performing flower thinning and bud thinning treatment on the inflorescences before pollination, removing abnormal flowers and weak flowers with thin stalks, reserving top flowers and strong flowers with thick stalks in the inflorescences, and reserving 4-6 flowers in each inflorescence for pollination. When pollination is carried out, if the prepared pollen suspension liquid amount reaches more than 200ml, the pollen suspension liquid can be filled into a sprayer by adopting a spray pollination mode, the pollen suspension liquid is directly sprayed to inflorescences subjected to flower thinning and bud thinning treatment, the spraying amount at one time is not too large, fine water drops on the surfaces of flowers and stigma are observed after spraying each time, so that the using amount of the pollen suspension liquid is saved, and meanwhile, the prepared pollen suspension liquid needs to be used up within 4 hours and is ready to use.
Example 3
(1) Collecting pollen, namely selecting a plant of a white persimmon variety which is robust in growth, free of diseases and insect pests and provided with pollen, collecting the pollen at 11:00-15:00 am on sunny days, wherein buds are already opened, most of anthers are cracked and loose, the whole small flower can be collected, the anthers are picked off by using tweezers, and the cracked anthers and the pollen anthers can be directly stored in a 2-5ml centrifugal tube; spreading the uncracked anther in a culture dish paved with paper, placing the culture dish in a cool and ventilated place indoors for 8-10h to crack, and storing the cracked anther in a 2-5ml centrifugal tube in the same way after cracking;
(2) pollen treatment and storage, namely putting a small bag of 0.5g of silica gel desiccant into a centrifugal tube containing pollen anther, paying attention to that the pollen should be put into a plurality of centrifugal tubes in batches in proper amount, wherein the amount of the anther filled into each centrifugal tube is 1/2 times of the height of the centrifugal tube, avoiding the direct contact of silica gel and pollen, then putting the centrifugal tubes into a self-sealing bag for sealing, and storing the centrifugal tubes in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use;
(3) preparing pollen suspension, namely taking pollen anther stored in a centrifugal tube out in advance within 1-2 hours before pollination, putting the pollen anther in a room for rewarming and thawing, and then preparing the suspension according to the following method: adding 12 parts of cane sugar, 0.12 part of agar, 0.01 part of boric acid and 0.01 part of calcium nitrate into 100 parts of water respectively, heating and stirring uniformly at 90-100 ℃, standing and cooling for later use, adding pollen into the suspension when the pollen finally reaches a field pollination place, fully oscillating and shaking uniformly after adding the pollen, and uniformly suspending the pollen in the suspension, wherein the amount of the pollen is about 0.1% of the suspension, and the optimal amount is that when the pollen suspension is just faint yellow;
(4) and (3) artificial pollination, namely performing batch pollination in 12 months to 2 months of the next year in the flowering period of the white persimmon, selecting inflorescences with more than half of florets opened on the inflorescences, performing artificial pollination first, performing flower thinning and bud thinning treatment on the inflorescences before pollination, removing deformed flowers and thin-stalk weak flowers, reserving top flowers and thick-stalk strong flowers in the inflorescences, and reserving 4-6 flowers in each inflorescence for pollination. When pollination is carried out, if the prepared pollen suspension liquid amount reaches more than 200ml, the pollen suspension liquid can be filled into a sprayer by adopting a spray pollination mode, the pollen suspension liquid is directly sprayed to inflorescences subjected to flower thinning and bud thinning treatment, the spraying amount at one time is not too large, fine water drops on the surfaces of flowers and stigma are observed after spraying each time, the using amount of the pollen suspension liquid is saved, and meanwhile, the prepared pollen suspension liquid needs to be used up within 4 hours and is ready to use.
Example 4
(1) Collecting pollen, namely selecting a white persimmon variety plant which is strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests and provided with pollen, wherein the pollen is collected at 11:00-15:00 am on sunny days, at the moment, buds already open and most of anthers break and loose the pollen, collecting the whole small flower, and plugging the whole collected small flower into a 10ml centrifugal tube until the whole small flower is full;
(3) preparing pollen suspension by the following method: respectively adding 10 parts of sucrose, 0.1 part of agar, 0.03 part of boric acid and 0.03 part of calcium nitrate into 100 parts of water, heating and uniformly stirring at 90-100 ℃, standing and cooling for later use. Sucking 4-5ml of prepared suspension by using a plastic rubber head suction tube, adding the suspension into a 10ml centrifugal tube filled with the small flowers of the white persimmons, covering a tube cover tightly after adding, fully oscillating up and down to ensure that pollen in the small flowers in the tube is fully immersed into liquid by the added suspension, enabling the suspension in the centrifugal tube to be light yellow, sucking the suspension into another 10ml centrifugal tube by using the plastic rubber head suction tube, and uniformly shaking again for later use;
(4) and (3) artificial pollination, namely performing batch pollination in 12 months to 2 months of the next year in the flowering period of the white persimmon, selecting inflorescences with more than half of small flowers bloomes on the inflorescences, performing artificial pollination, performing flower thinning and bud thinning treatment on the inflorescences before pollination, removing abnormal flowers and weak flowers with thin stalks, reserving top flowers and strong flowers with thick stalks in the inflorescences, and reserving 4-6 flowers in each inflorescence for pollination. When pollination is carried out, if the prepared pollen suspension liquid is only 10-50ml, a proper amount of the prepared pollen suspension liquid can be dipped by a writing brush and lightly smeared on the stigma, and a layer of water mist is ensured to be adhered on the stigma after pollination. Meanwhile, the prepared pollen suspension liquid needs to be used up within 4 hours and should be prepared for use.
Comparative example 1
Investigating anther shape and pollen germination condition at different pollen collection time
Pollen collection is carried out by selecting 3 different time periods (collection time 8:00-10: 00; collection time 11:00-15: 00; collection time 16:00-18:00), and pollen scattering conditions in different time periods are observed under a stereo microscope, and the result is shown in figure 1.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the anthers are not cracked and are not powdered when the collection time is 8:00 to 10: 00; when the collection time is 16:00-18:00 time period, the anther is completely cracked and pollen is scattered, the residual pollen in the anther sac is less, and only when the collection time is 11:00-15:00 time period in the morning, the anther is cracked and pollen is scattered in a positive value, the collected pollen amount is large, and the pollen germination capacity is highest.
Comparative example 2
Investigating pollen germination rate of different pollen collecting time and treatment mode
As shown in the figure 2, the results can be also known from the bar chart in the figure 2, when the pollen collection time is 11:00-15:00 am, the collected pollen germination rate is the highest, and by comparing the constant-temperature drying (25 ℃) with the natural shade drying mode, the indoor natural shade-dried pollen germination rate is higher than the pollen germination rate of the constant-temperature drying mode, so that the influence of the constant-temperature drying on the reduction of the vigor of the persimmon pollen is avoided.
Comparative example 3
Investigating the pollen germination rate under different storage temperature conditions
The germination rates of the pollen in 4 different temperature environments (room temperature, 4 ℃, -20 ℃ and-80 ℃) are examined, and the results are shown in figure 3, and it is found that the germination rate of the pollen is still high within 20 days after the pollen is stored at 4 ℃, the germination rate of the pollen is gradually reduced within 20-30 days, and the storage temperature of 4 ℃ which can keep the high germination rate of the pollen is selected considering that the time from the collection to the pollination is generally not more than one week.
Comparative example 4
Investigating fruit setting rate of different pollination modes
The fruit setting rate and pollination effect of artificial pollination performed in the manner of example 2 and example 4 of the present invention are shown in table 1 below, compared with the conventional natural pollination.
TABLE 1 Artificial pollination and traditional Natural pollination modes
Meanwhile, when artificial pollination is performed in the modes of the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 4 of the invention, the inflorescence fruit setting rate and the flower fruit setting rate of the traditional natural pollination mode are shown in a columniform graph, and the result is shown in fig. 4, so that the inflorescence fruit setting rate and the flower fruit setting rate are higher when artificial pollination is performed in the modes of the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 4 of the invention than in the natural pollination mode.
In addition, the artificial pollination of the white persimmon is performed by the method disclosed in the embodiment of the invention, and the fruiting condition and the fruit appearance after pollination are respectively shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6. Meanwhile, the fruit quality is measured, and the results are shown in the following table 2, which shows that the artificial pollination method of the white persimmon has better fruit quality.
TABLE 2 fruit quality after pollination using the method of the invention
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The artificial pollination method of the white persimmon is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 pollen collection, namely selecting a white persimmon variety plant which is strong in growth, free of plant diseases and insect pests and has pollen, collecting the whole flower in the same day after a small flower bud is opened, naturally airing water drops on the surface of the flower, and picking off the anther by using tweezers or directly putting the whole small flower into a centrifugal tube;
s2 preparing pollen suspension, adding pollen anther or whole small flower into the suspension when the pollen suspension reaches the field pollination place, and shaking up to make the pollen suspension become light yellow and the pollen is suspended in the solution uniformly;
s3 artificial pollination: pollination is carried out in batches at the early stage of blooming of the white persimmon, inflorescences with more than half of flowers bloomes on the inflorescences are selected, and artificial pollination is carried out firstly.
2. The artificial pollination method of the white persimmon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the artificial pollination method comprises the following steps: in step S1, the pollen collection time is 11:00-15:00 in the morning.
3. The artificial pollination method of the white persimmon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the artificial pollination method comprises the following steps: in the step S1, before the anther is put into the centrifugal tube, whether the anther cracks or not is observed, and the cracked anther is directly stored into the centrifugal tube; the uncracked anthers are firstly spread in a culture dish paved with paper and placed in a cool and ventilated place indoors, and then stored in a centrifugal tube after the anthers are cracked.
4. The artificial pollination method of the white persimmons as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S1, the anthers or flowers are loaded into a plurality of centrifugal tubes in batches, and the amount of the anthers or flowers loaded into each centrifugal tube is 1/3-1 times of the height of the centrifugal tube.
5. The artificial pollination method of the white persimmon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the artificial pollination method comprises the following steps: in the step S2, if the anther is placed in the centrifugal tube, 0.5g of silica gel desiccant is placed in the centrifugal tube, so that direct contact between silica gel and pollen is avoided, then the centrifugal tube is placed in a self-sealing bag for sealing, and the centrifugal tube is stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use; if pollination is carried out by using fresh pollen which is opened on the same day, the flowers can be directly put into a centrifugal tube, the prepared suspension is added into the centrifugal tube, and the pollen suspension is obtained by fully shaking.
6. The artificial pollination method of the white persimmons as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S2, the suspension comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: every 100 parts of water contains 8-12 parts of cane sugar, 0.08-0.12 part of agar, 0.01-0.05 part of boric acid and 0.01-0.05 part of calcium nitrate.
7. The artificial pollination method of the white persimmon as claimed in claim 6, wherein the artificial pollination method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the suspension comprises the following steps: respectively adding 8-12 parts of sucrose, 0.08-0.12 part of agar, 0.01-0.05 part of boric acid and 0.01-0.05 part of calcium nitrate into 100 parts of water, heating and stirring uniformly at 90-100 ℃, standing and cooling for later use, and finishing using the prepared suspension within two days.
8. The artificial pollination method of the white persimmon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the artificial pollination method comprises the following steps: in the step S3, flower thinning and bud thinning are carried out before pollination, deformed flowers and thin-stalk weak flowers are removed, top flowers and thick-stalk strong flowers in inflorescences are reserved, and 4-6 flowers are reserved in each inflorescence for pollination.
9. The artificial pollination method of the white persimmon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the artificial pollination method comprises the following steps: in the step S3, the specific operation of artificial pollination is one of the following methods:
(1) if the prepared pollen suspension is 10-50ml, dipping the pollen suspension by using a writing brush, and slightly smearing the pollen suspension on the stigma to ensure that a layer of water mist is adhered to the stigma after pollination;
(2) if the prepared pollen suspension amount is more than 200ml, a spray pollination mode is adopted, the pollen liquid is filled into a sprayer, the sprayer is directly sprayed to inflorescences subjected to flower thinning and bud thinning treatment, and fine water drops are observed on the surfaces of flowers and stigma after spraying each time.
10. The artificial pollination method of the white persimmon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the artificial pollination method comprises the following steps: in the step S3, the time of artificial pollination is 12 months to 2 months of the next year of the blooming period of the white persimmon.
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| JP2009040703A (en) * | 2007-08-07 | 2009-02-26 | National Agriculture & Food Research Organization | Method for preserving pollen |
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| CN104803740A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-07-29 | 安徽农业大学 | Pollen nutrient solution and application thereof to pear pollination |
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| WO2013070854A1 (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-05-16 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Method for dispensing grains of pollen |
| CN104803740A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-07-29 | 安徽农业大学 | Pollen nutrient solution and application thereof to pear pollination |
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