CN106665333B - A kind of radix pseudostellariae artificial hybridization pollinating method - Google Patents
A kind of radix pseudostellariae artificial hybridization pollinating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106665333B CN106665333B CN201710055724.XA CN201710055724A CN106665333B CN 106665333 B CN106665333 B CN 106665333B CN 201710055724 A CN201710055724 A CN 201710055724A CN 106665333 B CN106665333 B CN 106665333B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
- A01H1/027—Apparatus for pollination
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of radix pseudostellariae artificial hybridization pollinating methods, include the following steps：1）The male parent of radix pseudostellariae hybridization pollination with female parent is carried out that cultivation is isolated respectively；2) artificial hybridization is pollinated first 15 days to 30 days after pollination, in radix pseudostellariae male parent, maternal cultivation plot built lid film；3）Extracing all female parents has III phase of the non-artificial pollination of hemp nettle, IV phase flower, and retaining healthy female parent has I phase of hemp nettle and II phase flower；4）It selects and winning healthy male parent has II phase of hemp nettle flower, collection pollen simultaneously to save backup；5）The healthy female parent of selection has II phase of hemp nettle flower, accounts for a little pollen with writing brush or cotton swab and shakes off on column cap, carries out flower pollination one by one；6）There is II phase of hemp nettle flower to carry out emasculation the female parent pollinated；7）After female parent has I phase of hemp nettle flower to enter for II phase, step 3 is repeated）-6）.The present invention effectively increases radix pseudostellariae artificial hybridization pollination efficiency, improves Cross fertile rate, and radix pseudostellariae crossbreeding work has been pushed to carry out.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology fields, and in particular to a kind of radix pseudostellariae artificial hybridization pollinating method.
Background technology
Radix pseudostellariae is perennial medicinal plant, is traditional strengthening by means of tonics Chinese medicine, is used as medicine with root tuber, strong with QI invigorating
Spleen, it is promoting production of body fluid and nourishing the lung the effect of.Radix pseudostellariae is mainly root tuber breeding and seminal propagation, and it is asexual numerous that artificial cultivation is mostly used root tuber progress
It grows, the accumulation of radix pseudostellariae disease, germplasm is made to degenerate.Radix pseudostellariae seminal propagation can cultivate virus-free seedling, can effectively prevent germplasm and move back
Change.
Hybridization is to concentrate in together the merit of two or more kinds by mating, using selection and is cultivated,
The method for obtaining new varieties, is breeding important method, the new varieties of selection and breeding usually embody hybrid vigour.The important work of plant hybridization
Work is to carry out artificial pollination, is that plant pollen is transmitted on column cap to improve the technical measures of setting percentage by artificial means.
The flower both sexes of radix pseudostellariae, two types.There is hemp nettle that can bloom at the top of radix pseudostellariae, 10 pieces of anther, 3, column cap can manage it from flower
Pollination and cross-pollination, the apetalous flower of base portion do not bloom, and carry out stringent self-pollination.Radix pseudostellariae plant is shorter, and flower is small, flower
Handle is thin, using conventional plant hybridization pollinating method, exists and is difficult to carry out bagging to the flower of emasculation, easily flower is made to roll over after bagging
The problems such as damage.
Radix pseudostellariae has the stamen and ripe when gynoecium difference, the first maturation of gynoecium, when the petal of flower does not open, gynoecium of hemp nettle
Column cap stretched out outside petal, and expanded；When petal just opens, the column cap of gynoecium has been expanded in sparkling and crystal-clear bright shape, is subjected to
Pollen, but at this point, the anther of stamen does not crack also, illustrate radix pseudostellariae has the tendency that hemp nettle has cross-pollination.Radix pseudostellariae has
Hemp nettle is bloomed, and when fine day, anther just cracks for 9 points or so in the morning；When cloudy, anther just has part cracking at noon, and
The crack of anther sac is smaller；When the rainy day, anther does not crack generally.Radix pseudostellariae flowering time is short, and petal, which opens into, withers usually only
24 hours, pistil stigma can pollination time it is also shorter.
In plant hybridization pollination, because its Parent flowering time is different, paternal pollen need to often be preserved.When preservation,
Low temperature drying processing can reduce pollen respiration and other physiological functions, and being conducive to the pollen long period maintains vigour, and improve
Artificial hybridization pollination efficiency.
The setting percentage of radix pseudostellariae base portion apetalous flower is high, and fruit usually has 5-10 seeds；And top has hemp nettle by weather
Influence variation is very big, if season of flowers is mostly fine day, setting percentage is higher, if season of flowers is mostly rainy weather, the anther of stamen
It is difficult to crack, then setting percentage is relatively low or even shaky.
After radix pseudostellariae seed carries out low-temperature treatment appropriate, germination rate is higher, has centainly in production using seminal propagation
Application.But due to having the following problems：（1）Radix pseudostellariae flower is smaller, and anther is more, and column cap is small, is not easy to carry out emasculation, pollination et al.
Work operates；（2）Radix pseudostellariae anthocaulus is thin, and artificial bagging easily makes flower lose；（3）Radix pseudostellariae flowering time is short, and stamen and gynoecium are not
Ripe simultaneously, the pollen collecting of stamen is more difficult, pistil stigma can pollination time it is shorter；（4）Radix pseudostellariae is bloomed by weather shadow
Sound is very big, and rainy weather setting percentage is low or even shaky；Therefore radix pseudostellariae artificial hybridization pollination work is difficult to carry out.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to be directed to state of the art, a kind of radix pseudostellariae artificial hybridization pollinating method is provided, is solved
Radix pseudostellariae artificial pollination bagging easily loses flower, pollen collecting with processing is difficult, pistil stigma is small, can pollination time is short, goes
The critical issues such as male speed is slow, rainy weather setting percentage is low.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
There is the developmental stage of hemp nettle to be divided into for I-IV phase radix pseudostellariae, I phase flower refers to that petal does not open, anther does not expose；
II phase flower refers to that petal has opened, and stamen development is ripe, and anther exposes and do not crack, and column cap is stretched out and expanded；III phase flower
Refer to that anther has cracked, petal is not withered；IV phase flower refers to that petal has been withered.
Radix pseudostellariae artificial hybridization pollinating method includes the following steps：
1) isolation cultivation：The male parent of radix pseudostellariae hybridization pollination with female parent is carried out that cultivation is isolated respectively, prevents biology mixed
It is miscellaneous；
2) built epiphragma：Artificial hybridization is pollinated first 15 days to 30 days after pollination, in radix pseudostellariae male parent, maternal cultivation plot
Built covers film on frame；Fine day is met, film is pulled open；Pre- rainy days, film covering.
3）Select flower：Extracing all female parents has III phase of the non-artificial pollination of hemp nettle, IV phase flower, collects and takes away, and protects
Staying healthy female parent has I phase of hemp nettle and II phase flower, extract unhealthy female parent it is all have hemp nettle；
4）Prepare pollen：It selects and wins healthy male parent to have II phase of hemp nettle flower, take back interior, extract calyx and petal,
Rest part is put into clean uncovered culture dish, is placed in freeze-drying lyophilization in 1-4 DEG C of environment, is taken out after most of anther dehiscence,
Shake off pollen, collects pollen in clean brown bottle, be put into 1-4 DEG C of environment and save backup；
5）Artificial hybridization is pollinated：Artificial hybridization pollinates first 1 hour and takes out step 4）The pollen of preservation, is gradually restored to room
Temperature selects healthy female parent to have II phase of hemp nettle flower, a little pollen is accounted for writing brush or cotton swab, and it is maternal that pollen is shaken off the health
On the column cap for having II phase of hemp nettle flower, flower pollination is carried out one by one rapidly；
6）Artificial emasculation：After artificial hybridization is pollinated, there is II phase of hemp nettle flower to go the female parent pollinated at once
The anther of stamen is carefully removed totally, cannot touch and hinder pistil stigma, anther is collected and taken away by hero；
7）After female parent has I phase of hemp nettle flower to enter for II phase, 3 are repeated the above steps）Step 6）.
The step 2）The time of built epiphragma is 15 days to 30 days after pollination before artificial hybridization pollination.
The step 4）The pollen saved backup in 1-4 DEG C of environment uses in 5 days, and the holding time is more than 5 days flowers
Powder does not use.
The step 5）Writing brush or cotton swab are not contacted with pistil stigma, in order to avoid column cap is impaired, influence Seed Development.
Further, step 6）Later, the female parent that part has been pollinated has II phase of hemp nettle flower, has little time emasculation and has been enter into III
The female parent is then had the excision of III phase of hemp nettle flower, collects and take away by the phase.
The present invention, the health male parent, female parent refer to that plant strain growth is normal, disease and degradation phenomena, flower do not occur
Development is normal, and each partial structure spent is complete, form is normal；The unhealthy female parent refers to that plant disease, short and small degeneration occurs
Phenomena such as.
The present invention uses above technical scheme, provides a kind of radix pseudostellariae artificial hybridization pollinating method, is cultivated by being isolated
The male parent and female parent of radix pseudostellariae hybridization pollination, prevent pollen from ganging up, and after emasculation and artificial pollination, flower not bagging avoids set
The problem of bag easily makes flower lose；Rain cover is covered using film arched shed, effectively facilitates flower normal development, improves flower after pollination
Setting percentage；Whole flower is largely won from male parent garden, removes calyx and petal, carries out low temperature drying, is promoted anther dehiscence, can be obtained
To pollinia, pollen collecting efficiency is greatly improved；Pollen is occupied using writing brush or cotton swab, is shaken off on column cap, is avoided
Column cap is impaired, also solves the problems, such as that column cap is small, is not easy to pollinate；Using the method for first pollination, rear emasculation, gynoecium column is effectively solved
Head can pollination time is short, artificial emasculation is slow problem, substantially reduce self-pollination probability caused by anther dehiscence.
The feature that the present invention has hemp nettle to develop by conscientiously observing radix pseudostellariae, fully first stretches out conducive to its column cap, is swollen
Greatly, can pollinate, the uncracked time feature of anther, take Parent isolation cultivation, film arched shed rain cover, largely collection pollen,
The first operating process of pollination, rear emasculation forms the specific process of radix pseudostellariae artificial hybridization pollination, it is artificial to effectively increase radix pseudostellariae
Hybridization pollination efficiency improves Cross fertile rate.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with specific implementation mode, invention is further described in detail.
Radix pseudostellariae is had the developmental stage of hemp nettle to be divided into I-IV phase, I phase flower by a kind of radix pseudostellariae artificial hybridization pollinating method
Refer to that petal does not open, anther does not expose；II phase flower refers to that petal has opened, and stamen development is ripe, and anther exposes and do not open
It splits, column cap is stretched out and expanded, and color of the stigma whitens, sparkling and crystal-clear bright；III phase flower refers to that anther has cracked, and petal is not withered；Ⅳ
Phase flower refers to that petal has been withered；The method specifically includes following steps：
1) isolation cultivation：The male parent of radix pseudostellariae hybridization pollination with female parent is carried out that cultivation is isolated respectively, it is to be ensured that effectively every
From preventing biology hybrid；
2) built epiphragma：Artificial hybridization is pollinated first 15 days to 30 days after pollination, in radix pseudostellariae male parent, maternal cultivation plot
Built covers film on frame；Fine day is met, film is pulled open；Pre- rainy days, film covering.
3）Select flower：Extracing all female parents has III phase of the non-artificial pollination of hemp nettle, IV phase flower, collects and takes away, and protects
Staying healthy female parent has I phase of hemp nettle and II phase flower, extract unhealthy female parent it is all have hemp nettle；
4）Prepare pollen：It selects and wins healthy male parent to have II phase of hemp nettle flower, take back interior, extract calyx and petal,
Rest part is put into clean uncovered culture dish, is placed in freeze-drying lyophilization in 1-4 DEG C of environment, is taken out after most of anther dehiscence,
Shake off pollen, collect pollen in clean brown bottle, be put into 1-4 DEG C of environment and save backup, and used in 5 days, when preservation
Between pollen more than 5 days do not use；
5）Artificial hybridization is pollinated：Artificial hybridization pollinates first 1 hour and takes out step 4）The pollen of preservation, is gradually restored to room
Temperature selects healthy female parent to have II phase of hemp nettle flower, a little pollen is accounted for writing brush or cotton swab, and it is maternal that pollen is shaken off the health
On the column cap for having II phase of hemp nettle flower, writing brush or cotton swab are not contacted with column cap, carry out flower pollination one by one rapidly；
6）Artificial emasculation：After artificial hybridization is pollinated, there is II phase of hemp nettle flower to go the female parent pollinated at once
The anther of stamen is carefully removed totally, cannot touch and hinder pistil stigma, anther is collected and taken away by hero；
7）The female parent that part has been pollinated has II phase of hemp nettle flower, has little time emasculation and had been enter into for III phase, then the female parent is had valve
It spends III phase flower to extract, collects and take away.
8）After female parent has I phase of hemp nettle flower to enter for II phase, 3 are repeated the above steps）Step 7）.
The flower of radix pseudostellariae is smaller, and anther is more, and artificial emasculation speed is slow, but artificial pollination speed is fast, radix pseudostellariae gynoecium column
Head can pollination time it is shorter, the present invention using first pollination, rear emasculation method, allow hybridization pollen at the first time occupy and can award
The pistil stigma of powder promotes the sprouting of hybridization pollen, improves hybridization efficiency.This method and conventional first emasculation are pollinated afterwards
Method is compared, and 2 times or more can be improved in artificial hybridization pollination efficiency.
There is hemp nettle opening at the top of radix pseudostellariae, when the rainy day, the anther of stamen does not crack generally, if continuous rainy weather, flower
Piece most abortion, setting percentage are less than 10%, even zero.The present invention is opened by built epiphragma rain cover, radix pseudostellariae flower,
Natural seed setting rate about 50% or so；By manually preparing, the setting percentage of artificial hybridization pollination greatly improves pollen up to 90% or so
Artificial hybridization setting percentage.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of radix pseudostellariae artificial hybridization pollinating method, it is characterised in that：There is the developmental stage of hemp nettle to be divided into I-IV radix pseudostellariae
Phase, I phase flower refer to that petal does not open, anther does not expose；II phase flower refers to that petal has opened, and stamen development is ripe, anther
Expose and do not crack, column cap is stretched out and expanded；III phase flower refers to that anther has cracked, and petal is not withered；IV phase flower refers to flower
Valve has been withered；The artificial hybridization pollinating method includes the following steps：
1) isolation cultivation：The male parent of radix pseudostellariae hybridization pollination with female parent is carried out that cultivation is isolated respectively, prevents biology hybrid；
2) built epiphragma：Film is covered on radix pseudostellariae male parent, maternal cultivation plot built, frame；Only when fine day, by film
It pulls open；
3）Select flower：Extracing all female parents has III phase of the non-artificial pollination of hemp nettle, IV phase flower, collects and takes away, and retains strong
Health female parent has I phase of hemp nettle and II phase flower, extract unhealthy female parent it is all have hemp nettle；
4）Prepare pollen：It selects and wins healthy male parent to have II phase of hemp nettle flower, take back interior, extract calyx and petal, remaining
It is partially placed into clean uncovered culture dish, is placed in freeze-drying lyophilization in 1-4 DEG C of environment, take out, shake off after most of anther dehiscence
Pollen collects pollen in clean brown bottle, is put into 1-4 DEG C of environment and saves backup；
5）Artificial hybridization is pollinated：Artificial hybridization pollinates first 1 hour and takes out step 4）The pollen of preservation is gradually restored to room temperature, choosing
Selecting healthy female parent has II phase of hemp nettle flower, and a little pollen is accounted for writing brush or cotton swab, and pollen, which is shaken off the healthy female parent, valve
On the column cap for spending II phase flower, flower pollination is carried out one by one；
6）Artificial emasculation：After artificial hybridization is pollinated, there is II phase of hemp nettle flower to carry out emasculation the female parent pollinated at once, it will
Anther is collected and is taken away；
7）After female parent has I phase of hemp nettle flower to enter for II phase, 3 are repeated the above steps）Step 6）.
2. a kind of radix pseudostellariae artificial hybridization pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 2）Built
The time of epiphragma is 15 days to 30 days after pollination before artificial hybridization pollination.
3. a kind of radix pseudostellariae artificial hybridization pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 4）In 1-
The pollen saved backup in 4 DEG C of environment, uses in 5 days.
4. a kind of radix pseudostellariae artificial hybridization pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 5）Writing brush
Or cotton swab is not contacted with column cap.
5. a kind of radix pseudostellariae artificial hybridization pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 6）It
Afterwards, the female parent that part has been pollinated has II phase of hemp nettle flower, if also non-emasculation had been enter into for III phase and has III phase of hemp nettle flower as female parent,
The female parent then there is into the excision of III phase of hemp nettle flower, collects and takes away.
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103960010A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-08-06 | 贵州三泓药业股份有限公司 | Construction method of pseudostellaria heterophylla germplasm resource nurseries |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103960010A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-08-06 | 贵州三泓药业股份有限公司 | Construction method of pseudostellaria heterophylla germplasm resource nurseries |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| Natural hybridization between Pseudostellaria davidii and Pseudostellaria palibiniana (Caryophyllaceae）;KYUNG CHOI et al.;《Plant Species Biology》;20011231(第16期);第39-47页 * |
| 太子参花粉活力和柱头可授性研究;韩怡等;《种子》;20120930;第31卷(第9期);第37-40页 * |
| 江苏省地产药材太子参良种选育研究;韩怡等;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库农业科技辑》;20060415(第4期);第64页、第66页第2段、第69页最后两段、第70页及第71页第一段 * |
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