CN107466840A - A kind of producing method for seed of flue-cured tobacco male sterile line kind - Google Patents
A kind of producing method for seed of flue-cured tobacco male sterile line kind Download PDFInfo
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- CN107466840A CN107466840A CN201710791430.3A CN201710791430A CN107466840A CN 107466840 A CN107466840 A CN 107466840A CN 201710791430 A CN201710791430 A CN 201710791430A CN 107466840 A CN107466840 A CN 107466840A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of producing method for seed of flue-cured tobacco male sterile line kind, the described method comprises the following steps：(1) male parent and female parent of tobacco are planted, the male parent is male fertility flue-cured tobacco, and the female parent is male sterility flue-cured tobacco；(2) male parent and female parent are carried out smearing wooden fork processing, makes the male parent and the main floral axis of maternal formation and 2~4 cigarette wooden fork sprays；(3) using the pollen of the male parent, the flower on the maternal main floral axis and the cigarette wooden fork spray is pollinated；(4) the maternal capsule is harvested.The method of the invention utilizes the main floral axis principle different with the flowering time of cigarette wooden fork spray, extend the florescence of flue-cured tobacco, longer pollination period is provided for the hybridization of flue-cured tobacco, breeding, is advantageous to mitigate the influences of the unfavourable weather to pollination such as rainfall, improves hybridization pollination work efficiency and hybrid seed yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to flue-cured tobacco breeding field, in particular to a kind of producing method for seed of flue-cured tobacco male sterile line kind.
Background technology
Flue-cured tobacco is a kind of industrial crops planted extensively in China, is the primary raw material of production of cigarettes, and China's export
One of large agricultural product.Therefore, the quality of flue-cured tobacco cultivars has great economic results in society.At present, the main of flue-cured tobacco is educated
Kind mode is crossbreeding.Compared with other breeding modes, flue-cured tobacco Hybrid has distinctive hybrid vigour, it is possible to increase
Quality, resistance and the yield of flue-cured tobacco.
In hermaphrodite flower crop, the phenomenon of male reproductive organ performance degeneration deformity or loss of function, referred to as male sterility.
Flue-cured tobacco male sterile line refers to the flue-cured tobacco cultivars or self-mating system with male sterility characteristic, abbreviation flue-cured tobacco sterile line.Flue-cured tobacco male
Sterile line is to apply male sterility mechanism, is formed by fertile kind transformation.Flue-cured tobacco male sterile line is due to body physiological function
Imbalance changes, so that male organs are unable to normal development, Primary epitope is：Filigree degeneration, atrophy, distortion, do not have in flower pesticide
Pollen grain or pollen grain sky are flat, lack fecundity etc.；But its Stamen development is normal, foreign pollen fertilization can be received.
Flue-cured tobacco male sterile line be in itself infertility, it is necessary to have a normal fertile kind give sterile line pollination, offspring is still kept
Its male sterility characteristic.
These characteristics based on male sterile line, it need not be carried out at emasculation to female parent again in flue-cured tobacco crossbreeding
Reason, can use manpower and material resources sparingly, reduce the production cost of hybrid seed, also, the freedom that can also efficiently control flue-cured tobacco is numerous
Grow, realize that unification for kind, is advantageous to kind protection and production distribution.With the development process of World tobacco industry, tobacco infertility
The popularizing planting of series hybrid has progressively turned into the dominant direction of leaf tobacco production.Therefore, the demand of flue-cured tobacco male-sterile seed is not yet
Disconnected increase.
However, the production of hybrid seeds of male sterile line kind need to carry out artificial pollination, it is necessary to spend substantial amounts of manpower, in the Tobacco Flowering phase
The substantial amounts of labour of tissue is inside needed to carry out assault completion, labor organization pressure is big, and in Hunan south area, tobacco florescence 5-6
The middle of the month just locates major flood season, and rainwater is more, often misses florescence a large amount of work holdup with caused by because weather influences, it is difficult to ensure to complete
Seed scheduled production.
In view of this, it is special to propose the present invention.
The content of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of producing method for seed of flue-cured tobacco male sterile line kind, this method utilization master
Floral axis is different with the flowering time of cigarette wooden fork spray, extends the overall pollination period of blooming of flue-cured tobacco, and mitigating unfavourable weather influences, and improves miscellaneous
Hand over pollination work efficiency and hybrid seed yield.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for extending the flue-cured tobacco florescence, spent by using main floral axis and cigarette wooden fork
The flowering time of branch is different, extends the florescence of flue-cured tobacco, longer pollination period is provided for the hybridization of flue-cured tobacco, breeding, be advantageous to subtract
The influences of the unfavourable weather to pollination such as light rainfall.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy uses following technical scheme：
A kind of producing method for seed of flue-cured tobacco male sterile line kind, the described method comprises the following steps：(1) father of flue-cured tobacco is planted
Originally and maternal, the male parent is male fertility flue-cured tobacco, and the female parent is male sterile line flue-cured tobacco；(2) to the male parent and mother
This carries out smearing wooden fork processing, makes the male parent and the main floral axis of maternal formation and 2~4 cigarette wooden fork sprays；(3) using the flower of the male parent
Powder, the flower on the maternal main floral axis and the cigarette wooden fork spray is pollinated；(4) the maternal capsule is harvested
Fruit.
The method of the invention is different from the flowering time of cigarette wooden fork spray using main floral axis, extends blooming for flue-cured tobacco entirety
Time, mitigating unfavourable weather influences, and improves hybridization pollination work efficiency and hybrid seed yield.
In some specific embodiments, the number of the cigarette wooden fork spray is 3.
In some specific embodiments, the concrete mode for smearing wooden fork includes：Before main floral axis is formed, cigarette strain of erasing
Axillary bud, choose 2~4 axillary buds 4~5 of main floral axis bottom section positions when main floral axis just flower, be trained cigarette wooden fork spray；It is excellent
Selection of land, the number of the axillary bud is 3.
In some specific embodiments, the male parent and maternal separately plantation, and adjust the male parent and female parent
Sowing time, the maternal initial bloom stage is set to be postponed 5~10 days than the male parent, it is preferable that to make the maternal initial bloom stage ratio
The male parent is postponed 7 days.
The above method of the present invention makes the florescence of male parent more maternal in advance through the above way, is concentrated so as to have ample time
The pollen of male parent is gathered, (that is, gathers pollen directly from male parent to award in a manner of the artificial pollination with traditional " to spend to flower "
Powder) to compare, speed is fast, easy to operate, and the utilization rate of pollen is also higher.
In some specific embodiments, the male parent and the female parent take interval sowing；Preferably, the father
This and it is described it is maternal divide equally the sowing of 3~4 phases, be spaced 25~35 days for each issue；It is highly preferred that the male parent and the female parent divide equally 3
Phase sow, each issue be spaced 30 days.The overall pollination period of blooming of flue-cured tobacco can also further be extended by the way of interval sowing, subtracted
Influence of the day short of rain to pollination, improve the work efficiency and hybrid seed yield of pollination.
In some specific embodiments, the male parent and maternal planting proportion are 1:1~4；Preferably, it is described
Male parent and maternal planting proportion are 1:4.
In some specific embodiments, the pollen of the male parent is collected by way of concentrated collection, preferably
Ground, it is acquired in the following manner：The flower of the male parent is gathered, takes flower pesticide, dries, Anther dehiscence sheds afterwards
Pollen sieving removal of impurities, is produced；Preferably, collection spends length to start general red flower more than 4cm and corolla；The drying side of the flower pesticide
Mode includes, by the flower pesticide equably airing or at 30~35 DEG C in the sun, drying 8~12 hours at preferably 32 DEG C；More
Preferably, after sieving removal of impurities, the flower pesticide is fitted into brown, wide-mouth bottle, is preserved at 3~5 DEG C stand-by.
In some specific embodiments, the pollination includes making the maternal flower expose column cap, by the father
This pollen invests the maternal column cap；Preferably, the pollination proceeds by initial bloom stage；In pollination, by female parent
Middle disc flower and the flower opened are extractd；For receiving the flower of paternal pollen to spend long more than 4cm and pattern is general red to containing
Bud flower to be put.
In some specific embodiments, according to the maternal situation of blooming, divide 4~5 times to the maternal progress
Pollination, after every plant of pollination 80~100 is spent, wipe out remaining bud.
In some specific embodiments, when avoiding noon 12 of fine day in rainy day or temperature more than 35 DEG C~
When 15, to the maternal pollination.
In some specific embodiments, when the capsule turns brown by Huang, point ripe capsule of 6~8 batches of harvestings.
The present invention also provides a kind of method for extending the flue-cured tobacco florescence, and methods described includes, the flue-cured tobacco smear at wooden fork
Reason, makes the flue-cured tobacco form main floral axis and 2~4 cigarette wooden fork sprays；Preferably, the cigarette wooden fork spray is 3.
In some embodiments, it is described smear wooden fork processing include：Before main floral axis is formed, the axillary bud for flue-cured tobacco of erasing,
2~4 axillary buds are chosen in 4~5 section positions in main floral axis bottom when main floral axis just flower, are trained cigarette wooden fork spray；Preferably, institute
The number for stating axillary bud is 3.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) the method for the invention extends flue-cured tobacco using the main floral axis principle different with the flowering time of cigarette wooden fork spray
At the florescence, longer pollination period is provided for the hybridization of flue-cured tobacco, breeding, be advantageous to mitigate shadow of the unfavourable weathers such as rainfall to pollination
Ring, improve hybridization pollination work efficiency and hybrid seed yield.
(2) the method for the invention makes the florescence of male parent more maternal in advance, so as to the concentrated collection male parent that has ample time
Pollen, (that is, gather pollen directly from male parent to pollinate) in a manner of the artificial pollination with traditional " to spend to flower " and compare,
Speed is fast, easy to operate, and the utilization rate of pollen is also higher.
(3) the method for the invention also utilizes the mode of interval sowing, further extends the overall pollination period of blooming of flue-cured tobacco,
Influence of the rainy day to pollination is reduced, improves the work efficiency and hybrid seed yield of pollination.
Embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but those skilled in the art will
Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.It is unreceipted specific in embodiment
Condition person, the condition suggested according to normal condition or manufacturer are carried out.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, it is
The conventional products obtained can be bought by city.
Following embodiments and comparative example experiment flue-cured tobacco cultivars used are Hunan cigarette 3；Test site is located at Chenzhou City agricultural section
Learn research institute's flue-cured tobacco breeding breeding base.
A kind of producing method for seed of flue-cured tobacco male sterile line of embodiment 1
1st, sow
The determination of 1-1 male parents and planting of maternal quantity and ratio
Planting of maternal area is calculated by double centner/hectare according to plan breeding amount, in Parent ratio 1：4 calculate
Male parent area.Parent is planted in different fields or in same field by area 1 respectively：4 are divided into two pieces of plantations, field with
Obvious nameplate sign Parent planting area, to facilitate production of hybrid seeds operational administrative.
The determination of 1-2 Parent sowing times
According to breeding kind Parent feature, estimated this year sowing from sowing to the initial bloom stage time throughout the year by Parent
To the initial bloom stage time.Postponed with maternal initial bloom stage than male parent and determine within 7 days Parent sowing time, the sowing time is by local normal tobacco
Produce sowing time.South Hunan is typically in mid-December.
2nd, wooden fork processing (that is, the cultivation of cigarette wooden fork spray) is smeared
Parent is manually erased cigarette strain axillary bud before main floral axis is formed, in main floral axis bottom 4-5 when main floral axis just flower
3 Bud cultures are selected into cigarette wooden fork spray in individual section position.
3rd, apply fertilizer
Added in cigarette strain initial bloom stage and apply 60 kilograms of urea and 60 kilograms of potassium sulfates.
4th, pollinate
Start to gather flower, making pollen in male flower initial bloom stage, pollinated when maternal cigarette strain just flower.
4-1 gathers male parent flower
In every morning since the male parent initial bloom stage, in male parent Tanaka selection spend it is long be more than 4cm, corolla start it is general it is red extremely
The fresh flower that a bud just ready to burst, is adopted down together with anthocaulus, be put in basket be transported into time it is indoor medicinal for picking flowers.The flower adopted back can not heap
Pressure, keep flower naturally fresh as far as possible.To make full use of male flower pollen, fine day, cloudy day, rainy day can gather flower when stopping rain.
It is every to there is standard compliant flower to adopt back utilization as far as possible.
4-2 picks flowers medicine pollen
The fresh flower adopted back need to carry out medicine of picking flowers in time, tear corolla, take the uniform airing of flower pesticide in drying, be lined with newspaper and winnow with a dustpan
On dustpan, it is placed under sunlight and dries during fine day morning 9-12, during 3-5 in afternoon, the place of scattering light is placed in during noon 12-3.Cloudy day
Or the rainy day inserts in drying baker (32 DEG C of temperature setting) drying 8-12 hours, treat that Anther dehiscence is shed pollen, and dusting cover is crossed by pollen,
After removing impurity removing, load brown, wide-mouth bottle in, insert 3-5 DEG C of refrigerator it is cold deposit preserve it is stand-by.After each issue of male parent flower harvesting terminates
Floral axis is wiped out, in order to avoid the later stage decorative pattern at the end of a poem, article, etc. where there is a small blank space is set seeds, produces when hybrid seed harvests and artificially mixes.
4-3 pollinates
Before pollination, pollen is sub-packed in the bottle for the penicillin size for fastening cotton thread, is distributed to each pollination personnel and hangs
In front to pollinate.
Pollinate and proceeded by initial bloom stage, extract during pollination it is maternal in disc flower and open flower, select to spend long 4cm with
On, general red to the just budding flower of pattern, top corolla is gently extractd, exposes column cap, take a small amount of pollen point to award with cotton swab is viscous
In maternal column cap.Often flower repetition point is awarded 2-3 times, until column cap turns white.4-5 batches are divided to carry out field according to the maternal cigarette strain situation of blooming
Between pollinate, after the pollination of every plant of cigarette is spent up to 80-100, wipe out remaining bud in time, wait capsule maturation.
Pollinate and carried out in sunny day and cloudy day, except the highest temperature up to more than 35 DEG C of sunny day noon 12 up to 3 when in addition to, other are white
Its time can be carried out.Rain is met in 12 hours after such as pollinating, should in time mend and award after it's clearing up in 24 hours, expired benefit awards effect
It is bad.It is estimated such as after pollination to have rainfall, it can be taken shelter from rain with sheepskin paper bag bagging.Paper bag is removed after clearing up, sheepskin paper bag can weigh
It is multiple to utilize.
5th, seed collection
Because interval sowing is taken in the sterility cross-bred production of hybrid seeds of tobacco, the pollination of every plant of cigarette need to divide 3-4 times according to order of blooming again
Complete, therefore seed maturity is also to carry out successively.To ensure seed quality, the harvesting of tobacco hybridization kind can only be taken adopts in batches
Receive, when capsule turns brown by Huang, rob the capsule that sunny day harvests maturation in batches, general 6~8 harvestings finish.When capsule harvests only
The capsule in maternal row is adopted, forbids the seed infiltrated in harvesting in male parent row.
1 main floral axis of comparative example, which is picked flowers, a little to be awarded
The production of hybrid seeds is carried out with reference to the methods described of embodiment 1, difference only exists, and the sowing time, smears wooden fork processing and pollination step and reality
It is different to apply example 1.Specifically：
Sowing time：Male parent and female parent are sowed simultaneously.
Smear wooden fork：Parent is manually erased cigarette strain axillary bud before main floral axis is formed, when main floral axis just flower under main floral axis
Portion's axillary bud, avoid the formation of cigarette wooden fork spray.
Pollination：Selection flowering, the male parent flower containing pollinia, is directly carried out a little with maternal flower before pollination
Award.Corolla is selected to close or loosely, the general red or red maternal flower that a bud just ready to burst of pattern, gently pinch corolla and expose during pollination
Column cap, then tear corolla and expose the paternal pollen of stamen and put and award with it.The method need to be bloomed in male flower and flower pesticide just spontaneous combustion is opened
Picked flowers when splitting pollination, timing needs accurate, and too early flower pesticide can use when not splitting without pollen, and slightly slow pollen is scattered again.It is suitable
When pollination period of picking flowers it is very short, in one day in the fine day morning 9 up to 12 when, just have when 5 afternoon 3 it is more the flowers are in blossom, Er Qiexiong
When Hua Xuan is spent, pollen of picking flowers into pollinating process is lost more, operation inconvenience, and pollination work efficiency is low.
Experimental example 1
Fruit after cigarette strain harvesting described in embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 is placed in time and dries the drying in the air in kind of building of ventilation, with dry
On net colour bar cloth or plastic film pad, threshing is dried again after the afterripening of certain time, through repeatedly screening, united after selection by winnowing
One is sterilized 15 minutes with 2% copper-bath, then is cleaned with clear water, then well dries dry rear selection by winnowing again with cotton pad, is refilled
Bag simultaneously hangs up properly label, determines yield.
To alkalescence such as the pollination period of blooming of embodiment 1 and comparative example 1, hybrid seed yield, pollination effects relatively, it is specific relatively to tie
Fruit is referring to table 1~2.
Maternal pollination period of blooming described in the embodiment 1 of table 1 and comparative example 1
Table 1 is the main floral axis initial bloom stage of the 2015 annual distinct methods female parent cigarette strain of Hunan cigarette 3, the latter stage and can be by pink blossom of blooming
Phase, wherein the main floral axis production of hybrid seeds (comparative example 1) can pollinate, the florescence can pollinate the florescence as 21 days；The main floral axis smoke adding wooden fork spray production of hybrid seeds is (real
Apply example 1) maternal cigarette strain can pollinate number of days 41 days, and the floral axis production of hybrid seeds more main than the florescence that can pollinate extends 20 days, favorably selects weather at the florescence
Pollination, mitigate the influence of bad climate, alleviate labour's pressure, reach the purpose for improving yield.
The seeding technique application effect of the embodiment 1 of table 2 and comparative example 1
Table 2 is Chenzhou City Institute of agricultural sciences flue-cured tobacco breeding breeding base breeding No. three production of hybrid seeds situations of Hunan cigarette in 2015.
As known from Table 2：Pick flowers than the main floral axis production of hybrid seeds and a little award using main floral axis smoke adding wooden fork spray powder pollination technique (embodiment 1) processed of picking flowers
(comparative example 1) per unit area yield increases 54.0kg/hm2, amplification is up to 110.0%；Average work efficiency increase 124.4g/d, amplification 139.6%, into
Work efficiency and seed per unit area yield are improved again.Seed quality is all up to one-level breeding standard.
Finally it should be noted that：Various embodiments above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
The present invention is described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments for pipe, but it will be understood by those within the art that：Its
The technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can still be modified, either to which part or all technical characteristic
Carry out equivalent substitution；And these modifications or replacement, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from various embodiments of the present invention skill
The scope of art scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of producing method for seed of flue-cured tobacco male sterile line kind, it is characterised in that the described method comprises the following steps：(1) plant
The male parent and female parent of flue-cured tobacco are planted, the male parent is male fertility flue-cured tobacco, and the female parent is male sterility flue-cured tobacco；(2) to institute
State male parent and female parent carries out smearing wooden fork processing, make the male parent and the main floral axis of maternal formation and 2~4 cigarette wooden fork sprays；(3) institute is used
The pollen of male parent is stated, the flower on the maternal main floral axis and the cigarette wooden fork spray is pollinated；(4) described in harvesting
Maternal capsule.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that it is described smear wooden fork processing include：Before main floral axis is formed, erase
The axillary bud of flue-cured tobacco, 4~5 section positions in main floral axis bottom when main floral axis just flower choose 2~4 axillary buds, are trained cigarette wooden fork flower
Branch；Preferably, the number of the axillary bud is 3.
3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the male parent and maternal separately plantation, and adjust the father
Sheet and maternal sowing time, the maternal initial bloom stage is set to be postponed 5~10 days than the male parent, it is preferable that to make the female parent
Initial bloom stage than the male parent postpone 7 days.
4. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the male parent and the female parent take interval sowing；It is excellent
Selection of land, the male parent and it is described it is maternal divide equally the sowing of 3~4 phases, be spaced 25~35 days for each issue；It is highly preferred that the male parent and institute
State it is maternal divide equally the sowing of 3 phases, be spaced 30 days for each issue.
5. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the pollen of the male parent is carried out by way of concentrated collection
Collect, it is preferable that be acquired in the following manner：The flower of the male parent is gathered, takes flower pesticide, is dried, afterwards by flower pesticide
The pollen sieving to shed of splitting cleans, and produces.
6. according to the method for claim 5, it is characterised in that the pollination includes making the maternal flower expose post
Head, the pollen of the male parent is invested into the maternal column cap.
7. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that according to the maternal situation of blooming, divide 4~5 times to institute
State female parent to be pollinated, after every plant of pollination 80~100 is spent, wipe out remaining bud.
8. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that when the capsule turns brown by Huang, points of 6~8 batches harvestings into
Ripe capsule.
A kind of 9. method for extending the flue-cured tobacco florescence, it is characterised in that methods described includes, and the flue-cured tobacco is carried out to smear wooden fork processing,
The flue-cured tobacco is set to form main floral axis and 2~4 cigarette wooden fork sprays；Preferably, the cigarette wooden fork spray is 3.
10. according to the method for claim 9, it is characterised in that it is described smear wooden fork processing include：Before main floral axis is formed, smear
Except the axillary bud of flue-cured tobacco, 4~5 section positions in main floral axis bottom when main floral axis just flower choose 2~4 axillary buds, are trained cigarette wooden fork
Spray；Preferably, the number of the axillary bud is 3.
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| CN201710791430.3A CN107466840A (en) | 2017-09-05 | 2017-09-05 | A kind of producing method for seed of flue-cured tobacco male sterile line kind |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108834883A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-11-20 | 四川省烟草公司达州市公司 | A method of it is not pinched eggplant clothing tobacco using male sterile line cultivation cigar |
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| CN108834883A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-11-20 | 四川省烟草公司达州市公司 | A method of it is not pinched eggplant clothing tobacco using male sterile line cultivation cigar |
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