CN109566404A - A kind of sponge gourd cross-breeding method in two seasons of one year - Google Patents
A kind of sponge gourd cross-breeding method in two seasons of one year Download PDFInfo
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- CN109566404A CN109566404A CN201910050834.6A CN201910050834A CN109566404A CN 109566404 A CN109566404 A CN 109566404A CN 201910050834 A CN201910050834 A CN 201910050834A CN 109566404 A CN109566404 A CN 109566404A
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- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 53
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- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008774 maternal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
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- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical class [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000009051 Ambrosia paniculata var. peruviana Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000003097 Artemisia absinthium Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000001851 Artemisia dracunculus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017731 Artemisia dracunculus ssp. dracunculus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000003261 Artemisia vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001600407 Aphis <genus> Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005752 Copper oxychloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- IWDQPCIQCXRBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fenaminosulf Chemical compound [Na+].CN(C)C1=CC=C(N=NS([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 IWDQPCIQCXRBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005906 Imidacloprid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005807 Metalaxyl Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HKMOPYJWSFRURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro hypochlorite;copper Chemical compound [Cu].ClOCl HKMOPYJWSFRURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010196 hermaphroditism Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate Chemical compound COCC(=O)N(C(C)C(=O)OC)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1C ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 241000218922 Magnoliophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000422 nocturnal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219138 Luffa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003956 Luffa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019658 bitter taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005078 fruit development Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000008216 herbs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001926 lymphatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of sponge gourd cross-breeding methods in two seasons of one year, mainly include that the crops for rotation management of spring July in March-and summer and autumn crops for rotation in December in July-manage two stages.Two stages include seeding and seedling raising, site preparation transplanting, field management, artificial pollination, pick and take kind of 6 steps.The present invention uses greenhouse and Small plastic shed nursery, and being achieved the effect that by reasonable arrangement crops for rotation and agronomic measures, which reduces high temperature or low temperature, negatively affects sponge gourd growth and development, to realize the production in two seasons of one year of sponge gourd hybrid seeding；Spring, more conventional sponge gourd producing method for seed did sth. in advance 15-20 days, and summer and autumn can equally obtain stable yields, high-quality sponge gourd hybrid seed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant breeding, and in particular to a kind of sponge gourd is in South Hubei hybrid seeding cultivation in two seasons of one year
Technology.
Background technique
Sponge gourd be Curcurbitaceae Luffa (Luf faSpp.) annual sprawling herbs plant, it is regional originating from Tropical Asian,
The subtropical and tropical zones in Asia, Oceania, Africa and America are distributed mainly on, share 8 kinds.Wherein 2 kinds of common silks
Melon and angular sponge gourd respectively at being passed to China in 6th century and 19th century, China be mainly distributed with luffa-smooth loofah (Luf fa cylindrica) and angular sponge gourd (Luf fa acutangula) 2 kinds.Research has shown that, saponin(e substance, bitter taste contained by sponge gourd
Matter, lymphatic temperament, wood glue, citrulling, xylan etc. have certain health-care effect to human body, therefore sponge gourd is gradually standby on the market
Favored, cultivation scale expands year by year, to provide wide market for sponge gourd hybrid seeding.
South Hubei is located at the Changjiang river Zhong Liunan bank, belongs to the continental monsoon climate in subtropical zone, has a moderate climate, and illumination is sufficient,
Abundant rainfall, mainly to plant based on luffa-smooth loofah.In the sponge gourd hybrid seeding production history of South Hubei, often it is merely able to
Carry out the production work of sponge gourd hybrid seeding in August in March-, and it is excessively high in second half year one side 7, August part temperature, and highest can reach
To 38 DEG C or so, and sponge gourd is to like warm short day property plant, and growth optimum temperature is 25-30 DEG C, and the strong sunshine of high temperature easily leads to silk
Curcumbitate influences pollination and fruit development at hermaphrodite flower；On the other hand, in sponge gourd development later stage in November, temperature on average is fast
Prompt drop to 20 DEG C hereinafter, kind melon growth and development it is slow, easily lead to seed can not full maturity, greatly reduce seed production efficiency and production
Amount.
In order to improve sponge gourd seed production efficiency, local seed manufacturing enterprise is merely able to be produced in spring, summer and autumn crops for rotation
It is transferred to Hainan and carries out breeding, considerably increase production of hybrid seeds production cost, therefore sponge gourd cross-breeding technology in two seasons of one year of tackling key problems, it is right
Shorten the sponge gourd hybrid seeding period, raising productivity effect plays the role of very important.
Present invention aim to address South Hubei sponge gourd hybrid seeding crops for rotation arrangement and administrative skill problem, the technology
Using the production of hybrid seeds period can not only be shortened, change the production history of a Nian Yiji, and can greatly reduce production of hybrid seeds production cost.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim to address South Hubei sponge gourd hybrid seeding crops for rotation arrangement and administrative skill problem, the technology
Using the production of hybrid seeds period can not only be shortened, change the production history of a Nian Yiji, and can greatly reduce production of hybrid seeds production cost.
A kind of sponge gourd cross-breeding method in two seasons of one year, includes the following steps:
S1. Parent sowing, nursery step:
Early March carries out in the greenhouse, and the maternal sowing time postpones 10 days than male parent, and male parent and maternal quantitative proportion are 1:10,
Male parent 20 g of sowing quantity per acre, maternal 200 g of sowing quantity per acre；
It soaks seed 0.5 hour for first 55 DEG C before sowing, takes out 30 DEG C of constant temperature after seed is wrapped up with wet gauze and be protected from light vernalization 24 hours, seed
It can be sowed in hole tray after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, 0.5 cm of earthing；
Hole tray is placed on seedbed, Small plastic shed heat and moisture preserving is covered, day temperature is maintained at 25~30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is maintained at 16
It~18 DEG C, emerges within 7 days, raises arch shed membrane, night epiphragma daytime；
S2. site preparation transplant step:
Early April is ready for transplanting to open country when sponge gourd seedling is grown to two leaves wholeheartedly, and 10 days site preparations, have been applied per acre before transplanting
Machine fertilizer 1500 kg, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 50 kg of compound fertilizer are as base fertilizer, 1.5 m wide of compartment face, 0.3 m of ditch depth, 0.3 m of furrow width, compartment
The fluorescence mulch of 1.8 m wide is covered after the leveling of face；
Seedling is periodically moved into outdoor within transplanting first 7 days, improves seedling resistance, and with 6000 times of wettable powder of 10% pyrrole worm woods
Liquid, 70% 600 times of carbendazim liquid is spraying, pre- preventing disease and pest；
Every compartment plants two rows, 0.5 m of spacing in the rows, line-spacing 1 m, every 667 m when field planting21200 plants are planted, a planting water is poured after field planting；
S3. field management step:
It 5~7 days after the transplanting of mid-April to late May, checks the growth of cereal crop seedlings and fills the gaps with seedlings in time, built is tied up climing when sponge gourd stretches climing 40cm, female
During which this excision whole lateral bine, male parent pull out the hybrid strain for not meeting varietal characteristic, especially male parent purity is wanted without training in time
Guarantee reaches 100%；
Samping off, downy mildew and aphid are paid attention in terms of sponge gourd pest management, it is soluble that samping off can alternately spray 75% fenaminosulf
800~1000 times of liquid of pulvis, 58% metalaxyl mancozeb wettable powder, 600~800 times of liquid, 30% copper oxychloride suspending agent 500~
600 times of liquid are prevented and treated；Downy mildew can spray 70% Mancozeb, 500 times of liquid or 72% gram of white 600 times of liquid of cyanogen is prevented and treated；It is anti-
Eliminating aphis can be used 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 4000 times of liquid and prevents and treats by spraying；
S4. artificial pollination step:
Late May male parent and female parent started existing bud May 15, and May 22 to June 5 is best pollination period；
Sponge gourd belongs to the different flowering plant of monoecism, therefore female parent wants stringent emasculation during the production of hybrid seeds, complete before male flower is open
Portion destroys；
Production district was all covered into separation net in 10 days in advance, it is ensured that without foreign pollen a string of flowers；
5:00~6:00 point started to acquire and male flower and was fitted into plastics basket every morning during pollination, with the style of male flower against female
Colored pistil painting is put on the skin, and every male flower awards 2~3 female flowers, and every plant is pollinated 4~5, and is completed before 10 points of the morning, is carried out and is awarded
Powder marks and extracts in time do not pollinate melon and different melon, in order to avoid consumption nutrient；
7~10 days kind melons come to the ripening period after pollination, and excision plant is climing top, allow nutrition to convert to fruit, every plant is stayed 2~3, melon；
It is showed according to growth potential, mu imposes 10 kg urea and 10 kg potassium sulfates and pours water in time；
S5. the sowing of summer and autumn stubble Parent, nursery step:
Early July carries out in the greenhouse, and Parent application rate and vernalization seeding method are the same as spring stubble；
Hole tray is placed on seedbed after sowing, sunshade net is covered, is watered according to soil moisture content, and ventilation removes in time
Wet, control day and night temperature is advisable at 5~10 DEG C；
S6. spring stubble picks step:
Wait for that kind of the melon whole body changes into yellowish-brown mid-July, quality is substantially reduced, and when planting climing beginning failure, is selected fair weather, is started
It picks and is stored at shady and cool dry and ventilated and dry 10 days；
S7. spring stubble kind melon takes kind, the transplanting of summer and autumn stubble site preparation:
Spring mid-July stubble sponge gourd is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested after completing picking work, and site preparation applies fertilizer to the subsoil, and specific method is the same as spring stubble；
It is ready for transplanting when sponge gourd seedling is grown to two leaves wholeheartedly, seedling is periodically moved into outdoor within transplanting first 7 days, it is anti-to improve seedling
Inverse property, and 10% pyrrole worm woods 6000 times of liquid of wettable powder are used, 70% 600 times of carbendazim liquid is sprayed, pre- preventing disease and pest；
Every compartment plants two rows, spacing in the rows 0.5m, line-spacing 1m, every 667m when field planting21200~1300 plants are planted, primary field planting is poured after field planting
Water；
Late July collects seed, and miscellaneous melon is further rejected according to curcumbitate, i.e. desirable kind after kind of a melon dries, after the seed of taking-up is cleaned
It dries 2~3 days, controls 10% to seed moisture content hereinafter, pack storage can be cleaned in a cool and dry place；
S8. field management step:
In early August to early September, 5~7 days after transplanting, checks the growth of cereal crop seedlings and fill the gaps with seedlings in time, sponge gourd seedling carries out slotting when stretching climing 40cm
It frame and ties up climing, during which pulls out the hybrid strain for not meeting varietal characteristic in time, pest control method is the same as spring stubble；
It is 18~32 DEG C that sponge gourd, which grows preference temperature, reduces temperature and intense light irradiation is conducive to sponge gourd reproductive growth；
Summer and autumn high temperature period need to cover sunshade net, and suitably more waterings in afternoon mercury dropped；
S9. artificial pollination step:
September 30 days is to being best pollination period during October 12；
Summer and autumn is paid attention to covering sunshade net in time and attention watering cooling in due course, normally be divided with sharp male flower and female flower during producing
Change, pollination optimum temperature is 25~28 DEG C, avoids high temperature that the formation of hermaphrodite flower is caused to be the key that summer and autumn production of hybrid seeds work；
Specific pollination operation is with spring stubble, and 7~10 days tender melons come to the ripening period after pollination, and excision is planted climing top, allows nutrition to fruit
Conversion, every plant is stayed 2~3, melon；
It is showed according to growth potential, mu imposes 10 kg urea, 10 kg potassium sulfate and pours water in time；
S10 picks step:
Mid-November selects fair weather, changes into yellowish-brown to kind of the melon whole body, kind melon quality is substantially reduced, when planting climing beginning failure
Start to pick and be stored in and be dried at shady and cool dry and ventilated；
S11. kind of a step is taken:
It collects seed within late November after-ripening 10 days, miscellaneous melon is further rejected according to curcumbitate, i.e. desirable kind after kind of a melon dries, the kind of taking-up
Son dries 2~3 days in a cool and dry place after cleaning, and is controlled 10% to seed moisture content hereinafter, pack storage can be cleaned.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
The present invention uses greenhouse and Small plastic shed nursery, and being reached by reasonable arrangement crops for rotation and agronomic measures reduces high temperature or low temperature
To the effect of sponge gourd growth and development negative effect, to realize the production in two seasons of one year of sponge gourd hybrid seeding.Spring more conventional silk
Melon producing method for seed does sth. in advance 15-20 days, and summer and autumn can equally obtain stable yields, high-quality sponge gourd hybrid seed.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described below with reference to examples:
Embodiment one:
Late March --- site preparation: selection fertile soil can fill the plot that can be arranged, and broadcast preplanting treatment and apply fertilizer to the subsoil, per acre organic fertilizer
1500 kg, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 50 kg of compound fertilizer are as base fertilizer, 1.5 m wide of compartment face, 0.3 m of ditch depth, 0.3 m of furrow width, and compartment face is whole
The fluorescence mulch of 1.8 m wide is covered after flat.
Early April --- Parent sowing, nursery: in open field live broadcast, female parent postpones 10 days compared with the male parent sowing time, male parent
It is 1:10, male parent 20 g of sowing quantity per acre, maternal 200 g of sowing quantity per acre with maternal quantitative proportion.Seeding method is point on film
It broadcasts, 0.5 m of spacing in the rows, line-spacing 1 m, every 667 m21200-1300 plants of cultivation, 2 cm of depth of planting or so and earthing, are looked into after emerging
It sees the growth of cereal crop seedlings and fills the gaps with seedlings in time.Seedling stage pays attention to control liquid manure, avoids seedling excessive growth.
Mid-April to early June --- field management: insert rack is carried out when sponge gourd seedling stretches climing about 40 cm and ties up climing, sponge gourd leans on
Major branch as a result, lateral bine is more and easy consumption nutrient, female parent extract whole lateral bines, do not pluck lateral bine, during which pull out and be not inconsistent in time by male parent
The hybrid strain of varietal characteristic is closed, especially male parent purity will guarantee to reach 100%.Samping off, frost are paid attention in terms of sponge gourd pest management
Mildew and aphid, samping off can alternately sprinkling 75% fenaminosulf soluble powder, 800~1000 times of liquid, 58% metalaxyl MnZn be wettable
600~800 times of liquid of property pulvis, 30% copper oxychloride suspending agent, 500~600 times of liquid are prevented and treated；It is gloomy that downy mildew can spray for 70% generation
500 times of liquid of MnZn or 72% gram of white 600 times of liquid of cyanogen are prevented and treated；10% imidacloprid wettable powder 4000 can be used in anti-eliminate aphis
Times liquid is prevented and treated by spraying.
Mid-June --- artificial pollination: June 10 to June 22 is best pollination period.Sponge gourd belongs to the different flower of monoecism
Plant, therefore female parent wants stringent emasculation during the production of hybrid seeds, all destroys before male flower is open.10 days in advance complete by production district
Portion covers separation net, it is ensured that without foreign pollen a string of flowers.5:00-6:00 point started to acquire male flower and be packed into every morning during pollination
In plastics basket, to be put on the skin with the pistil painting of the style of male flower against female flower, every male flower awards 2-3 female flower, every plant of pollination 4-5, and
It is completed before 10 points of the morning, carries out pollination and mark and extract in time do not pollinate melon and different melon, in order to avoid consumption nutrient.After pollination
Kind melon comes to the ripening period within 10-15 days, and excision plant is climing top, and nutrition is allowed to convert to fruit.It is showed according to growth potential, mu imposes 10
10 kg potassium sulfate of kg urea is simultaneously poured water in time.
Early August --- picking: yellowish-brown is changed into kind of the melon whole body, when planting climing beginning failure, fair weather is selected, starts
It picks and is stored at shady and cool dry and ventilated and dry.
Mid-August --- take kind: picking can collect seed for after-ripening 10 days, and miscellaneous melon is further rejected according to curcumbitate, is dried in the air to kind of a melon
I.e. desirable kind after dry, the seed of taking-up dries 2-3 days in a cool and dry place after cleaning, to seed moisture content control 10% hereinafter,
Pack storage can be cleaned.
Embodiment two:
Early August --- site preparation: it after the completion of the work of spring sponge gourd hybrid seeding, uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested and site preparation applies fertilizer to the subsoil, apply per acre organic
Fertilizer 1500 kg, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 50 kg of compound fertilizer are as base fertilizer, 1.5 m wide of compartment face, 0.3 m of ditch depth, 0.3 m of furrow width, compartment face
The fluorescence mulch of 1.8 m wide is covered after leveling.
Mid-August --- Parent sowing, nursery: in open field live broadcast, female parent postpones 10 days compared with the male parent sowing time, male parent
It is 1:10 with maternal quantitative proportion.Seeding method and seedling management method are the same as embodiment one.
Early September to early October --- field management: predominantly training is tied up climing, pulls out hybrid strain in time and pest and disease damage is anti-
It controls.Specific method is the same as embodiment one.
Mid-October --- artificial pollination: male parent and female parent best pollination period be October 10 to October 20, specifically
Pollinating method is the same as embodiment one.
Early December --- picking: kind melon early December still can not full maturity, outdoor temperature on average has already decreased to
15 DEG C hereinafter, selection fair weather start to pick and be stored at shady and cool ventilation, take kind again after after-ripening 10 days.
Mid-December --- it takes kind: miscellaneous melon is further rejected before collecting seed according to curcumbitate, in cool place after the seed of taking-up is clean
Place's sunning 2-3 days is controlled 10% to seed moisture content hereinafter, pack storage can be cleaned.
Embodiment three:
The technical solution adopted by the present invention mainly includes the crops for rotation management of spring July in March-and summer and autumn crops for rotation in December in July-management two
A stage.Two stages include seeding and seedling raising, site preparation transplanting, field management, artificial pollination, pick and take kind of 6 steps, tool
Steps are as follows for body:
Early March --- Parent sowing, nursery: the step carries out in the greenhouse, and the maternal sowing time postpones 10 days than male parent,
Male parent and maternal quantitative proportion are 1:10, male parent 20 g of sowing quantity, maternal 200 g of sowing quantity per acre per acre.First 55 DEG C before sowing
Seed soaking 0.5 hour is taken out 30 DEG C of constant temperature after seed is wrapped up with wet gauze and is protected from light vernalization 24 hours or so, and seed can be broadcast after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally
In hole tray, 0.5 cm of earthing.Hole tray is placed on seedbed, Small plastic shed heat and moisture preserving is covered, day temperature is maintained at 25-30 DEG C,
Nocturnal temperature is maintained at 16-18 DEG C, emerges within about 7 days or so, raises arch shed membrane, night epiphragma daytime.
Early April --- site preparation transplanting: transplanting is ready for when sponge gourd seedling is grown to two leaves wholeheartedly to open country, before transplanting
10 days site preparations, 1500 kg of organic fertilizer per acre, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 50 kg of compound fertilizer are as base fertilizer, 1.5 m wide of compartment face, ditch depth
0.3 m, 0.3 m of furrow width cover the fluorescence mulch of 1.8 m wide after the leveling of compartment face.Seedling is periodically moved to outdoor in first 7 days by transplanting,
Improve seedling resistance, and use 10% pyrrole worm woods 6000 times of liquid of wettable powder, 70% 600 times of carbendazim liquid be sprayed, pre- disease-resistant
Evil.Every compartment plants two rows, 0.5 m of spacing in the rows, line-spacing 1 m, every 667 m when field planting21200 plants are planted, a planting water is poured after field planting.
Mid-April to late May --- field management: it 5-7 days after transplanting, checks the growth of cereal crop seedlings and fills the gaps with seedlings in time, sponge gourd is stretched climing
Built is tied up climing when about 40cm, and female parent extracts whole lateral bines, during which male parent is pulled out in time without training and do not meet the miscellaneous of varietal characteristic
Strain, especially male parent purity will guarantee to reach 100%.Samping off, downy mildew and aphid are paid attention in terms of sponge gourd pest management, it is sudden
Disease can alternately sprinkling 75% fenaminosulf soluble powder, 800~1000 times of liquid, 58% metalaxyl mancozeb wettable powder 600~
800 times of liquid, 30% copper oxychloride suspending agent, 500~600 times of liquid are prevented and treated；Downy mildew can spray 70% Mancozeb, 500 times of liquid,
Or 72% gram of white 600 times of liquid of cyanogen is prevented and treated；Anti- eliminate aphis can be used 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 4000 times of liquid and prevent and treat by spraying.
Before and after late May --- artificial pollination: male parent and female parent started to show bud, 22 days to 6 May 15 days or so May
The moon 5 was best pollination period.Sponge gourd belongs to the different flowering plant of monoecism, therefore female parent wants stringent emasculation during the production of hybrid seeds,
It is all destroyed before male flower is open.Production district was all covered into separation net in 10 days in advance, it is ensured that without foreign pollen a string of flowers.Pollination period
Between every morning 5:00-6:00 point start to acquire and male flower and be fitted into plastics basket, applied with the pistil of style against the female flower of male flower
It puts on the skin, every male flower awards 2-3 female flower, every plant of pollination 4-5, and completes before 10 points of the morning, carries out pollination label and timely
Do not pollinate melon and different melon are extractd, in order to avoid consumption nutrient.7-10 days kind melons come to the ripening period after pollination, and excision is planted climing top, allow battalion
It supports and is converted to fruit, every plant is stayed melon 2-3.It is showed according to growth potential, mu imposes 10 kg urea, 10 kg potassium sulfate and fills in time
Water.
Early July --- the sowing of summer and autumn stubble Parent, nursery: the step carries out in the greenhouse, Parent application rate and urges
Bud seeding method is the same as spring stubble.Hole tray is placed on seedbed after sowing, sunshade net is covered, is watered according to soil moisture content,
And timely ventilation drying, control day and night temperature are advisable at 5-10 DEG C.
Mid-July --- spring stubble picking: changing into yellowish-brown to kind of the melon whole body, and quality is substantially reduced, when planting climing beginning failure,
Fair weather is selected, starts to pick and be stored in and is dried 10 days or so at shady and cool dry and ventilated.
Mid or late July --- spring stubble kind melon takes kind, the transplanting of summer and autumn stubble site preparation: spring mid-July stubble sponge gourd completes picking work
After uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested, site preparation applies fertilizer to the subsoil, specific method with the spring stubble.It is ready for transplanting when sponge gourd seedling is grown to two leaves wholeheartedly, transplant first 7 days
Seedling is periodically moved into outdoor, improves seedling resistance, and with 10% pyrrole worm woods 6000 times of liquid of wettable powder, 70% carbendazim
600 times of liquid are spraying, pre- preventing disease and pest.Every compartment plants two rows, spacing in the rows 0.5m, line-spacing 1m, every 667m when field planting21200-1300 plants are planted,
A planting water is poured after field planting.Late July collects seed, and miscellaneous melon is further rejected according to curcumbitate, i.e. desirable kind after kind of a melon dries, takes
Seed out dries 2-3 days in a cool and dry place after cleaning, to seed moisture content control 10% hereinafter, can clean pack into
Library.
Early August to early September --- field management: it 5-7 days after transplanting, checks the growth of cereal crop seedlings and fills the gaps with seedlings in time, sponge gourd seedling is stretched
Insert rack is carried out when climing about 40cm and ties up climing, during which pulls out the hybrid strain for not meeting varietal characteristic, pest control method same spring in time
Stubble.It is 18-32 DEG C that sponge gourd, which grows preference temperature, reduces temperature and intense light irradiation is conducive to sponge gourd reproductive growth.When summer and autumn high temperature
Phase need to cover sunshade net, and suitably more waterings in afternoon mercury dropped.
Mid-September --- artificial pollination: September 30 days is to being best pollination period during October 12.During summer and autumn produces
Pay attention to covering sunshade net in time and pay attention to watering cooling in due course, with sharp male flower and female flower normal differentiation, pollination optimum temperature is 25-
28 DEG C, avoid high temperature that the formation of hermaphrodite flower is caused to be the key that summer and autumn production of hybrid seeds work.Specific pollination operation is with spring stubble, after pollination
Tender melon comes to the ripening period within 7-10 days, and excision plant is climing top, and nutrition is allowed to convert to fruit, and every plant is stayed melon 2-3.According to growth potential table
Existing, mu imposes 10 kg urea, 10 kg potassium sulfate and pours water in time.
Mid-November --- picking: selection fair weather changes into yellowish-brown to kind of the melon whole body, and kind melon quality is substantially reduced,
Start to pick and be stored in when planting climing beginning failure and be dried at shady and cool dry and ventilated.
Late November --- it takes kind: collecting seed within after-ripening 10 days, miscellaneous melon is further rejected according to curcumbitate, after kind of a melon dries
It dries 2-3 days after taking kind, the seed of taking-up to clean, controls 10% to seed moisture content hereinafter, can clean in a cool and dry place
Pack storage.
Each phenological period table of comparisons of 1 three kinds of crops for rotation schemes of subordinate list
。
Claims (1)
1. a kind of sponge gourd cross-breeding method in two seasons of one year, which comprises the steps of:
S1. Parent sowing, nursery step:
Early March carries out in the greenhouse, and the maternal sowing time postpones 10 days than male parent, and male parent and maternal quantitative proportion are 1:10,
Male parent 20 g of sowing quantity per acre, maternal 200 g of sowing quantity per acre；
It soaks seed 0.5 hour for first 55 DEG C before sowing, takes out 30 DEG C of constant temperature after seed is wrapped up with wet gauze and be protected from light vernalization 24 hours, seed
It can be sowed in hole tray after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, 0.5 cm of earthing；
Hole tray is placed on seedbed, Small plastic shed heat and moisture preserving is covered, day temperature is maintained at 25~30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is maintained at 16
It~18 DEG C, emerges within 7 days, raises arch shed membrane, night epiphragma daytime；
S2. site preparation transplant step:
Early April is ready for transplanting to open country when sponge gourd seedling is grown to two leaves wholeheartedly, and 10 days site preparations, have been applied per acre before transplanting
Machine fertilizer 1500 kg, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 50 kg of compound fertilizer are as base fertilizer, 1.5 m wide of compartment face, 0.3 m of ditch depth, 0.3 m of furrow width, compartment
The fluorescence mulch of 1.8 m wide is covered after the leveling of face；
Seedling is periodically moved into outdoor within transplanting first 7 days, improves seedling resistance, and with 6000 times of wettable powder of 10% pyrrole worm woods
Liquid, 70% 600 times of carbendazim liquid is spraying, pre- preventing disease and pest；
Every compartment plants two rows, 0.5 m of spacing in the rows, line-spacing 1 m, every 667 m when field planting21200 plants are planted, a planting water is poured after field planting；
S3. field management step:
It 5~7 days after the transplanting of mid-April to late May, checks the growth of cereal crop seedlings and fills the gaps with seedlings in time, built is tied up climing when sponge gourd stretches climing 40cm, female
During which this excision whole lateral bine, male parent pull out the hybrid strain for not meeting varietal characteristic, especially male parent purity is wanted without training in time
Guarantee reaches 100%；
Samping off, downy mildew and aphid are paid attention in terms of sponge gourd pest management, samping off alternately sprays 75% fenaminosulf soluble powder
800~1000 times of liquid of agent, 58% metalaxyl mancozeb wettable powder, 600~800 times of liquid, 30% copper oxychloride suspending agent 500~600
Times liquid is prevented and treated；Downy mildew sprays 70% Mancozeb, 500 times of liquid or 72% gram of white 600 times of liquid of cyanogen is prevented and treated；It is anti-to eliminate aphis
It is prevented and treated by spraying using 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 4000 times of liquid；
S4. artificial pollination step:
Late May male parent and female parent started existing bud May 15, and May 22 to June 5 is pollination period；
Sponge gourd belongs to the different flowering plant of monoecism, therefore female parent wants stringent emasculation during the production of hybrid seeds, complete before male flower is open
Portion destroys；
Production district was all covered into separation net in 10 days in advance, it is ensured that without foreign pollen a string of flowers；
5:00~6:00 point started to acquire and male flower and was fitted into plastics basket every morning during pollination, with the style of male flower against female
Colored pistil painting is put on the skin, and every male flower awards 2~3 female flowers, and every plant is pollinated 4~5, and is completed before 10 points of the morning, is carried out and is awarded
Powder marks and extracts in time do not pollinate melon and different melon, in order to avoid consumption nutrient；
7~10 days kind melons come to the ripening period after pollination, and excision plant is climing top, allow nutrition to convert to fruit, every plant is stayed 2~3, melon；
It is showed according to growth potential, mu imposes 10 kg urea and 10 kg potassium sulfates and pours water in time；
S5. the sowing of summer and autumn stubble Parent, nursery step:
Early July carries out in the greenhouse, and Parent application rate and vernalization seeding method are the same as spring stubble；
Hole tray is placed on seedbed after sowing, sunshade net is covered, is watered according to soil moisture content, and ventilation removes in time
It is wet, day and night temperature is controlled at 5~10 DEG C；
S6. spring stubble picks step:
Wait for that kind of the melon whole body changes into yellowish-brown mid-July, quality is substantially reduced, and when planting climing beginning failure, is selected fair weather, is started
It picks and is stored at shady and cool dry and ventilated and dry 10 days；
S7. spring stubble kind melon takes kind, the transplanting of summer and autumn stubble site preparation:
Spring mid-July stubble sponge gourd is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested after completing picking work, and site preparation applies fertilizer to the subsoil, and specific method is the same as spring stubble；
It is ready for transplanting when sponge gourd seedling is grown to two leaves wholeheartedly, seedling is periodically moved into outdoor within transplanting first 7 days, it is anti-to improve seedling
Inverse property, and 10% pyrrole worm woods 6000 times of liquid of wettable powder are used, 70% 600 times of carbendazim liquid is sprayed, pre- preventing disease and pest；
Every compartment plants two rows, spacing in the rows 0.5m, line-spacing 1m, every 667m when field planting21200~1300 plants are planted, a planting water is poured after field planting；
Late July collects seed, and miscellaneous melon is further rejected according to curcumbitate, i.e. desirable kind after kind of a melon dries, after the seed of taking-up is cleaned
It dries 2~3 days, controls 10% to seed moisture content hereinafter, pack storage can be cleaned in a cool and dry place；
S8. field management step:
In early August to early September, 5~7 days after transplanting, checks the growth of cereal crop seedlings and fill the gaps with seedlings in time, sponge gourd seedling carries out slotting when stretching climing 40cm
It frame and ties up climing, during which pulls out the hybrid strain for not meeting varietal characteristic in time, pest control method is the same as spring stubble；
It is 18~32 DEG C that sponge gourd, which grows preference temperature, reduces temperature and intense light irradiation is conducive to sponge gourd reproductive growth；
Summer and autumn high temperature period need to cover sunshade net, and suitably more waterings in afternoon mercury dropped；
S9. artificial pollination step:
September 30 days is to being pollination period during October 12；
Summer and autumn is paid attention to covering sunshade net in time and attention watering cooling in due course, normally be divided with sharp male flower and female flower during producing
Change, pollination temperature is 25~28 DEG C, avoids high temperature that the formation of hermaphrodite flower is caused to be the key that summer and autumn production of hybrid seeds work；
Specific pollination operation is with spring stubble, and 7~10 days tender melons come to the ripening period after pollination, and excision is planted climing top, allows nutrition to fruit
Conversion, every plant is stayed 2~3, melon；
It is showed according to growth potential, mu imposes 10 kg urea, 10 kg potassium sulfate and pours water in time；
S10. step is picked:
Mid-November selects fair weather, changes into yellowish-brown to kind of the melon whole body, kind melon quality is substantially reduced, when planting climing beginning failure
Start to pick and be stored in and be dried at shady and cool dry and ventilated；
S11. kind of a step is taken:
It collects seed within late November after-ripening 10 days, miscellaneous melon is further rejected according to curcumbitate, i.e. desirable kind after kind of a melon dries, the kind of taking-up
Son dries 2~3 days in a cool and dry place after cleaning, and is controlled 10% to seed moisture content hereinafter, pack storage can be cleaned.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111226787A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-06-05 | 佛山市农业科学研究所(佛山市农业技术推广中心) | Method for efficient hybrid pollination of luffa with edge |
| CN113331050A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-09-03 | 咸宁市农业科学院 | Rice seed production pollination machine |
| CN115005089A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-09-06 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Seed reproduction method of non-browning loofah original seeds |
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| CN108925380A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-04 | 长沙市蔬菜科学研究所(长沙市无公害蔬菜检测中心)(长沙市农业科学研究所) | A kind of one batch of double receipts balsam pear producing method for seed |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108925380A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-04 | 长沙市蔬菜科学研究所(长沙市无公害蔬菜检测中心)(长沙市农业科学研究所) | A kind of one batch of double receipts balsam pear producing method for seed |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111226787A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-06-05 | 佛山市农业科学研究所(佛山市农业技术推广中心) | Method for efficient hybrid pollination of luffa with edge |
| CN113331050A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-09-03 | 咸宁市农业科学院 | Rice seed production pollination machine |
| CN115005089A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-09-06 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Seed reproduction method of non-browning loofah original seeds |
| CN115005089B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2024-04-02 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Seed reproduction method of original seeds of towel gourd without browning |
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