CN115005089B - A method for propagating non-browning luffa original seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, relates to the field of vegetable breeding, and in particular relates to a method for breeding original seeds of non-browning luffa, which utilizes electric heating wires, a small arch shed and a greenhouse double-layer film heating heat preservation and 7 months black sunshade net covering seedling raising technology in a greenhouse to carry out breeding of original seeds of two seasons for one year. Comprises breeding of high-quality non-browning multi-resistance towel gourd inbred lines; seed selection of a two-season stock strain in one year; dividing a single melon planting district; the single plant is strictly bagged to isolate selfing; peeling commercial melon, cutting into round cake with thickness of 2cm at 1/3 position near the stem end of melon and round cake with thickness of 2cm at 1/3 position near the stem end of melon, boiling in boiling water for 3 min, and identifying pulp browning degree. The seed reproduction method can effectively solve the problems of brown stain, poor purity and consistency of varieties and the like of the luffa, the seed reproduction purity of the original seeds can reach more than 95 percent, the luffa is not brown stain, the commodity is increased by more than 10 percent, and the cost of fine seed reproduction can be effectively reduced. The technology is simple and convenient to operate, is suitable for being applied to the planting of towel gourd facilities, is acceptable to seed companies or bases or growers or scientific research units, and has excellent popularization and application prospects.

Description

A method of propagating non-browning luffa original seeds

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and relates to the technical field of vegetable breeding, and specifically relates to a method for breeding original seeds of non-browning loofah, which is specially used for breeding original seeds of loofah twice a year in a greenhouse.

Background technique

Luffa is an annual herbaceous plant of the genus Luffa in the family Cucurbitaceae.

There are two cultivated species [Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem] and [Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb], which originate from tropical Asia and are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Luffa has important edible and economic value and is one of the main vegetable crops in my country. Luffa pulp is delicate and soft, rich in trace elements, vitamins, proteins, amino acids and other nutrients. In addition, luffa also has high medicinal value. Its fruits, flowers, leaves, seeds, luffa and even wound fluid can be used as medicine. Therefore, growing luffa has extremely high economic benefits.

The cultivation area of luffa is expanding year by year, but growers and melon farmers in various regions keep their own seeds all year round. There are problems such as seed degradation, poor purity and consistency of varieties, and browning, resulting in unstable luffa yield and quality in various regions, affecting the development of the luffa industry. The essence of these problems is the reason for long-term seed retention, reduced purity and degradation of good luffa varieties. The invention provides a breeding method for non-browning luffa original seeds. This method can purify and rejuvenate excellent luffa varieties, and select and breed excellent luffa varieties original seeds. The original original seeds are the original seeds and improved varieties for breeding excellent varieties. It can effectively solve the problems of impure purity, poor consistency and browning of luffa varieties.

Summary of the invention

In view of the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for propagating non-browning luffa original seeds. Propagation through this method can solve the problems of luffa pulp browning, impure purity and poor consistency, and thereby increase luffa yield. and quality.

The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

A method for propagating non-browning luffa original seeds, including the following steps:

1) Breeding of high-quality non-browning luffa inbred lines:

Using browning-resistant luffa 2D as material, in late February in early spring, use small arches and electric wires to heat seedlings in a greenhouse. When the seedlings grow to 5 to 6 true leaves, observe and record the disease resistance of each individual plant and then transplant it. In mid-March, 100 2D plants were planted in small areas in the plastic greenhouse. When the plants bloomed, individual plants were listed and the first male and female flower time, disease resistance and consistency of the individual plants were recorded. After 7 to 9 days of pollination, 1 product was harvested from each plant. Identification of the browning degree of the melon flesh; select a single plant from 100 plants with a browning degree of 0 or 1, good disease resistance, early flowering, straight melon shape and good consistency; the selected single plant will be put on a red label, and each Each red-labeled single plant is strictly bagged and self-crossed. Each self-crossed plant will produce 3 to 4 fruits. If the fruit set is not successful 10 days after pollination, and the melon shape is inconsistent, the melons will be harvested in separate lines at the end of June when the melons are mature. Plant; in early July, the newly collected single-melon-line seeds will be raised to seedlings, and the seedling trays will be covered with black sunshade nets until planting. At the end of July, each single-melon-line plant will be divided into small areas for planting. Select plants with a browning degree of 0 and good disease resistance. Single plants with early flowering, straight and consistent melon shapes are strictly bagged and self-crossed. In early October, a layer of film is added to the plastic greenhouse for insulation. When the melons mature in early November, they are harvested in separate melon lines, that is, It is a high-quality non-browning loofah inbred line;

2) Breeding of high-quality non-browning loofah original species:

The high-quality, browning degree 0, and good consistency 2D self-crossed single melon seeds selected in 1) are divided into small areas for planting, and about 50 plants are planted in each small area; each plant must be strictly inspected in the single melon line nursery. Artificial bagging and isolation are used to perform self-crossing of single plants, and the leaf shape, leaves, stems, flower organs, fruit shape and size, fruit skin color and texture, browning degree, taste, pulp color, and seeds are evaluated during the entire growth and development period of the plant. Comprehensive traits such as color and size, fruit setting uniformity and stress resistance were investigated, and individual plants with poor stress resistance, poor fruit setting, poor consistency and browning were removed. After comprehensive evaluation of each single melon line, the best 5 individual plants were retained. , self-crossing with a red label; seedlings were raised in the greenhouse using small arches and heating wires at the end of February, black sunshade nets were used to raise seedlings at the beginning of July, and greenhouse films were added for insulation at the beginning of October. Two-season cultivation was implemented in one year, and four generations of continuous self-breeding were carried out; comprehensive analysis Evaluate the characteristics of individual plants, and finally select individual plants that do not brown, have good resistance, and have pure seeds; self-breed the selected individual plants, and collect seeds from self-crossed melons on the same individual plant. The seeds will be obtained after passing the inspection. High-quality, non-browning original luffa seeds;

3) Establish a non-browning loofah original seed breeding system:

Propagation of the original stock must be done by manually bagging and pollinating the male and female flowers of the same plant and self-crossing, and sister crosses are not allowed. First, before breeding, select land that has not been planted with Cucurbitaceae melons in the previous crop, and disinfect the soil. Before sowing the seeds, Disinfection treatment, using sterilized substrates and plug trays to raise seedlings of the original species; during the pollination period, the male and female flowers of a single plant are bagged and self-crossed manually, and the melons after pollination are marked. After 10 days, a pollination and fruit setting inspection is carried out to remove those that failed to set fruit. Melons with poor shape can only be harvested when the seeds in the fruit have reached physiological and morphological maturity in about 50 days; then the seeds are dried and stored, and then the purity of the seeds is tested; follow the technique in 1) for two seasons a year Propagation of original seeds: Strictly perform self-crossing breeding on a single plant. Seeds from self-crossed melons on the same plant are mixed and numbered individually. The seeds are stored in a -18°C freezer.

To identify the degree of browning of the pulp in step 1), peel the commercial melon and cut out a 2cm thick round cake at 1/3 of the melon handle and a 2cm thick round cake at 1/3 of the melon base, and boil them in boiling water for 3 minutes. , to identify the browning degree of the fruit pulp, the fruit core and pulp are slightly browned, the browning degree is 1 if the browning area is <30%, and the browning degree is 0 if the pulp is not browned.

In the step 2), greenhouses are used for two seasons of cultivation per year, and the crop rotation is reasonably arranged. A small arch greenhouse and electric heating wires are used for heating seedlings at the end of February, black sunshade nets are used for shading seedlings at the beginning of July, and double-layer film is added to the greenhouse for heat preservation in October, so as to achieve two seasons of loofah breeding in the greenhouse per year.

Compared with existing breeding technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

The present invention uses electric heating wire heating, small arch shed insulation, sunshade net covering seedling cultivation and October greenhouse plus film insulation to achieve the production of sponge gourd in one year and two seasons, and selects excellent inbred line single plants with characteristics that meet the variety characteristics during the seedling stage and the growth period. A single plant nursery is established and artificial bagging isolation pollination is carried out. After 3 consecutive years and 6 generations of self-pollination breeding, sponge gourds with characteristics such as no browning, strong stress resistance, straight melon strips and early maturity that can be stably inherited are selected as original seeds, which effectively solves the problems of browning and impure species of sponge gourd. The original seeds and improved varieties are propagated with the original seeds of the inbred line, which can effectively improve the yield and quality of the improved varieties and ensure the purity of the varieties.

Detailed ways

Specific examples are used below to illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited by the following specific examples. Example 1 Breeding of high-quality non-browning luffa inbred lines

In late February in early spring, take 150 plump and uniform 2D loofah seeds and soak them in warm water at about 55°C for 30 minutes for disinfection and sterilization of the seeds. After 30 minutes, wash the seeds with tap water. Soak the cleaned seeds in water at about 30°C for 12 to 14 hours. After soaking, take out the seeds and clean them. Then use clean wet gauze to wrap the seeds and lay them flat in a tray. Carry out germination treatment in an environment of about 30℃, and sow the seeds after 80% germination.

Use 50-hole or 128-hole plug trays for seedling cultivation. Before sowing, you can use 84 disinfectant to disinfect the plug trays. Add an appropriate amount of 50% carbendazim to the seedling substrate, add water, mix well, and put it into a tray for later use. Sow one seed in each hole, cover it with 0.5 to 1cm of substrate and water it thoroughly. Then cover the hole tray with a transparent film and place the hole tray neatly above the heating wire. Adjust the seedling temperature to 28°C and use a small The shed is insulated. After 50% of the luffa seedlings have emerged, peel off the film and continue heating until the luffa grows to 5 to 6 true leaves. Then gradually uncover the small shed for seedling training before planting.

The soil in the greenhouse should be plowed and dried about 7 days before planting, and the ridges should be furrowed and covered with mulch 1 day before planting. The row spacing is 60cm~80cm, and the plant spacing is 35cm~40cm. Choose a sunny day for planting, select 100 seedlings with good growth and no disease for planting, and then water them thoroughly. Later management is the same as conventional cultivation management.

When the plant grows to 40cm, wrap the plant around the hanging rope in an S shape and remove the side vines. A consistency survey will be conducted after a week to remove plants whose agronomic characteristics do not meet the characteristics of the variety. In early April, record the opening time of the first male and female flower, the number of nodes of the first female flower, the number of consecutive fruit sets and disease resistance. At the same time, peel the commercial melon and cut out the 2cm thick round cake and 1/3 of the stem end of the melon. Boil the 1/3 of the pedicle of a 2cm thick round cake in boiling water for 3 minutes to determine the browning degree of the pulp.

Then, among all the materials, their comprehensive performance and yield are combined to identify single plant materials with high quality, browning degree 0 or 1, straight melon shape, multiple resistance and good consistency and mark them. In early May, fruits are set on the selected individual plants, folded into rectangular paper bags with newspapers, bagged and isolated the afternoon before the female flowers bloom, and the buds are clamped with small plastic clips the afternoon before the male flowers bloom, and removed from 7 to 10 am the next morning. The male flowers pollinate the bagged female flowers, and one male flower can pollinate 2 to 3 female flowers. After pollination, a red tag is hung and the date is recorded on the tag, and management is strengthened. At the end of June, when the skin of the melons turns yellow, becomes soft, and the weight becomes lighter, and you can hear the sound of shaking seeds, you can harvest the melons on sunny days and dry them in the sun. You can peel and remove the seeds in 3 to 4 days. , the extracted seeds need to be dried in the sun for 2 to 3 days, and then bagged according to the individual plant number. The collected seeds will be re-cultivated in early July. The seedling temperature is high in summer and frequent watering is required. After the seedlings emerge, use black sunshade nets for sunshade treatment from 8:30 am to 18:00pm. Gradually remove the sunshade nets 3 to 4 days before planting. Practice seedlings. Continue to select single plants with high quality, browning degree 0 or 1, straight melon shape, multiple resistance and good consistency. In October, double-layer film insulation was added to the greenhouse to achieve the breeding of high-quality non-browning luffa inbred lines in the greenhouse for one and two seasons.

Example 2 Breeding of high-quality non-browning luffa original seeds

At the end of February, 50 seeds of a single line were selected in the autumn in Example 1 for germination treatment. Use a 50-hole plug tray to grow seedlings, use a small shed and a heating wire to heat the seedlings, adjust the seedling temperature to 28°C, and cover the plug tray with a film to keep it warm. When the luffa grows to 5 to 6 true leaves, then gradually open the small shed for seedling training before planting. In the single melon garden, each plant's leaf shape, leaves, stems and vines, flower organ, fruit shape and size, fruit skin color and texture, browning degree, taste, flesh color, seed color and size, fruit setting uniformity and Comprehensive traits such as stress resistance were investigated, and individual plants with poor stress resistance, poor fruit setting, inconsistency and browning were removed. Each plant was strictly artificially bagged and isolated for individual plant self-fertilization. After comprehensive evaluation of each individual melon line, the best Five excellent single plants are self-crossed and reserved with red labels. In early July, seedlings are raised from single seeds in spring. In summer, the temperature of seedlings is high and frequent watering is required. After the seedlings emerge, use black sunshade nets for sunshade treatment from 8:30 am to 18:00pm. Gradually remove the sunshade nets 3 to 4 days before planting. Practice seedlings. At the end of July, 50 seedlings with strong plants were selected for planting. A consistency survey was conducted one week after planting to remove plants whose agronomic characteristics did not meet the characteristics of the variety. Later management is the same as conventional cultivation management. At the end of August, the opening time of the first male and female flower, the number of nodes of the first female flower, the number of consecutive fruit sets, disease resistance, browning resistance, single melon weight, plant leaf shape, leaves, stems and vines, flower organ and fruit shape and size were recorded again. , fruit appearance, skin color and texture, taste, flesh color and other data, and finally comprehensive data to identify high-quality, browning degree of 0, multi-resistant individual plants and mark them. In early September, the artificial bagging, isolation and self-crossing of individual plants were completed. In October, a layer of film is added to the greenhouse to keep the melons warm. In early November, when the melons are mature, they can be harvested on a sunny day. The harvesting and seed removal methods are the same as in spring. Finally, the color and size of the seeds are tested before bagging to eliminate the bad ones and keep the good ones.

The collected seeds will be self-selected for 2 generations in the spring and summer of the second year. This breeding method can be used to plant two seasons in a greenhouse in one year. At the same time, it can effectively screen out individual luffa plants that do not brown and have excellent properties. Through 2 years and 4 generations of breeding, pure original seeds can be finally selected. .

Example 3 Propagation of high-quality non-browning luffa original seeds

In late February, the selected original seeds will be taken out and propagated. First of all, before propagating, it is best to select land where Cucurbitaceae melons have not been planted in the previous crop and disinfect the soil. The land preparation, sowing, seedling raising, planting and plant management for propagation are the same as those for spring or summer cultivation and management. During the pollination period of luffa, investigate the plant characteristics and remove hybrid plants whose characteristics are inconsistent with the characteristics of the variety. When the female flowers are in bloom, the male and female flowers of a single plant are artificially isolated and bagged for self-pollination. Each plant uses its own male flowers clamped the day before to pollinate 2 to 3 female flowers. After pollination, they are bagged to prevent pollen contamination, and a sign is hung on the melon stem. Record the pollination time. 3 to 4 days after pollination, remove the paper bag to check whether fruit setting is successful, and remove unsuccessful and unpollinated young fruits or female flowers. After successful fruit setting, top the main vines of the plant to transform vegetative growth into reproductive growth. About 20 days after pollination, the melons will swell and take shape. They need to be hung up with ropes to prevent the melons from touching the ground and causing rotten melons.

45 to 60 days after fruit setting, the color of the melon skin changes from green to yellow, and the weight becomes significantly lighter. If you shake the melon with your hands, you can hear internal sounds, indicating that the melon is mature and can be harvested. During the process of harvesting melons, it is necessary to remove melons with obviously inconsistent melon shapes. After harvesting the melons, remove part of the melon rind from the melon handle, then place it in a gauze bag and hang it in a cool, dry place to dry. After 3 to 4 days, after the melons are dry, remove the melon rind and take out the seeds. Remove bad seeds and collect seeds from self-crossed melons on the same plant. The seeds are numbered individually and stored in a -18°C freezer. This propagation method can achieve two seasons of propagation in one year, and can effectively improve the propagation efficiency of high-quality non-browning loofah varieties.

Claims (1)

1. A method for propagating non-browning luffa original seeds, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps: 1) Breeding of high-quality non-browning luffa inbred lines: Using browning-resistant loofah 2D as the material, in early spring in late February, seedlings were raised in a greenhouse using a small arch shed and electric heating wires. When the seedlings grew to 5-6 true leaves, the disease resistance of each individual plant was observed and recorded before transplanting. In mid-March, 100 2D plants were planted in a plastic greenhouse in small plots. When the plants bloomed, individual plants were labeled and the time of the first male and female flowers, disease resistance and consistency of the individual plants were recorded. 7-9 days after pollination, one commercial melon was collected from each plant for flesh browning degree identification; individual plants with browning degree of 0 or 1, good disease resistance, early flowering, straight melon shape and good consistency were selected from the 100 plants; red cards were hung on the selected individual plants, and each red carded individual plant was labeled with a red card. The single plants of the brand are strictly bagged and self-pollinated. Each plant is self-pollinated to produce 3 to 4 fruits. The unsuccessful fruit setting and inconsistent melon shapes are removed 10 days after pollination. They are harvested in single melon series after the melons are ripe at the end of June; the newly collected single melon series seeds are raised for seedlings in early July, and the seedling trays are covered with black sunshade nets before planting. At the end of July, each single melon series plant is planted in a small area, and the single plants with 0 browning degree, good disease resistance, early flowering, straight melon shape and good consistency are selected for strict bagging and self-pollination. In early October, a layer of film is added to the plastic greenhouse for heat preservation. In early November, after the melons are ripe, they are harvested in single melon series, which is the high-quality non-browning loofah inbred line; 2) Breeding of high-quality non-browning luffa original seeds: The high-quality, browning degree 0, and good consistency 2D self-crossed single melon seeds selected in 1) are divided into small areas for planting, and about 50 plants are planted in each small area; each plant must be strictly inspected in the single melon line nursery. Artificial bagging and isolation are used to perform self-crossing of single plants, and the leaf shape, leaves, stems, flower organs, fruit shape and size, fruit skin color and texture, browning degree, taste, pulp color, and seeds are evaluated during the entire growth and development period of the plant. Comprehensive traits such as color and size, fruit setting uniformity and stress resistance were investigated, and individual plants with poor stress resistance, poor fruit setting, poor consistency and browning were removed. After comprehensive evaluation of each single melon line, the best 5 individual plants were retained. , self-crossing with a red label; seedlings were raised in the greenhouse using small arches and heating wires at the end of February, black sunshade nets were used to raise seedlings at the beginning of July, and greenhouse films were added for insulation at the beginning of October. Two-season cultivation was implemented in one year, and four generations of continuous self-breeding were carried out; comprehensive analysis Evaluate the characteristics of individual plants, and finally select individual plants that do not brown, have good resistance, and have pure seeds; self-breed the selected individual plants, and collect seeds from self-crossed melons on the same individual plant. The seeds will be obtained after passing the inspection. High-quality, non-browning original luffa seeds; 3) Establish a non-browning loofah original seed breeding system: The original seed propagation must be carried out by artificial bagging of male and female flowers of the same single plant for pollination and self-pollination, and sister cross-pollination is not allowed; first, before seed propagation, select the land where Cucurbitaceae melons have not been planted before, and disinfect the soil. The seeds must be disinfected before sowing, and the sterilized substrate and plug tray are used for seedling cultivation of the original seed; during the pollination period, the male and female flowers of a single plant are artificially bagged for self-pollination, and the melons after pollination are marked. After 10 days, the pollination and fruit setting are checked, and the melons that fail to set fruit and have poor melon shapes are removed; the seeds in the fruit can only be harvested when they reach physiological and morphological maturity in about 50 days; then the seeds are dried and stored, and then the seed purity is tested; the seeds are propagated twice a year according to the technology in 1); the original seed propagation is strictly single-plant self-pollination, and the self-pollinated melons on the same single plant are mixed and collected, and the single plant is used as a unit and numbered separately, and the seeds are stored in a -18℃ freezer; To identify the degree of browning of the pulp in step 1), peel the commercial melon and cut out a 2cm thick round cake at 1/3 of the melon handle and a 2cm thick round cake at 1/3 of the melon base, and boil them in boiling water for 3 minutes. , to identify the browning degree of the fruit pulp, the fruit core and pulp are slightly browned, the browning degree is 1 if the browning area is <30%, and the browning degree is 0 if the pulp is not browned.