CN111226787A - Method for efficient hybrid pollination of luffa with edge - Google Patents
Method for efficient hybrid pollination of luffa with edge Download PDFInfo
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- CN111226787A CN111226787A CN202010173159.9A CN202010173159A CN111226787A CN 111226787 A CN111226787 A CN 111226787A CN 202010173159 A CN202010173159 A CN 202010173159A CN 111226787 A CN111226787 A CN 111226787A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for efficient hybrid pollination of luffa acutangula with edges, and aims to solve the problems in the existing pollination method. The method comprises the following specific steps: step one, selecting male flowers with yellow buds for collection; and step two, selecting a female flower with a yellow bud, tearing off the male flower petals until the male flower stamens are exposed, slightly and uniformly smearing the male flower stamens on the stigmas of the female flowers, then filling the whole male flower stamens into the female flowers, and binding the female flower petals tightly. The invention does not need to adopt a net-building shed facility, does not need to remove male flowers manually, does not need to introduce bees, reduces the production investment and saves the cost; the tying line is adopted to tie the female petals, so that the material is simple and convenient, the carrying is easy, the operation is rapid, and the working efficiency is improved; the method can complete hybrid pollination before the flowering of the female flowers in the afternoon of the same day without clamping flowers in advance; the invention adopts the tying line to clamp the flower, has simple operation, can be pressed by fingers, effectively blocks the pollution of the abnormal flower, saves time, is convenient to operate and has high working efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of towel gourd pollination, in particular to a method for carrying out efficient hybrid pollination on towel gourds with edges.
Background
The luffa distinguished victoria cucurbitae, cucurbita pepo, arvensis, trichosanthes kirilowii, are annual climbing herbaceous plants of the luffa genus of the cucurbitaceae family. Loofah originates in asia, is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of asia, oceania, africa and america, has been cultivated in india before 2000 and introduced into china at the beginning of the 6 th century. There are two main types of loofah, namely common loofah and luffa with edge. The fruit of the luffa acutangula has a rod shape, the length of the luffa acutangula is 25-60 cm, the transverse diameter of the luffa acutangula is 5-7 cm, the surface skin of the luffa acutangula is green and wrinkled, and the luffa acutangula is 10 edges, green or. The seeds are oval, and the skin of the cucumis melo seeds is thick, wrinkled and black. Luffa acutangula is mainly cultivated in south China. The towel gourd is eaten by tender towel gourd, can be fried and dressed in cold sauce, has more delicious taste when used for making soup, and can promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst, clear away heat and toxic materials when eaten frequently. Luffa cylindrica has high medicinal value, and can be used as root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit and seed. The towel gourd is an important Chinese medicinal material and processing raw material for processing bath products and the like.
In order to breed the variety of the luffa acutangula with strong growth vigor, high yield, strong resistance and good quality, the luffa acutangula with the edge is usually hybridized and bred by adopting an artificial pollination mode. The existing method comprises the following steps: firstly, utilize cover bag pollination, this method though can improve the pollination rate of accuracy, but cover bag is long consuming time, and the operation is inconvenient, and the cost of labor is high, and whole work efficiency is low. Secondly, the clamp is used for clamping flowers and pollinating, the method is high in cost of the clamp, the risk of high pollution rate of the different pollen exists after the petals of the female flowers are easy to fall off by using the clamp, and in addition, the recovery of the clamp also increases the cost of workers. Thirdly, the scale effect of the method is really beneficial for bee pollination by building a net shed, but the method has the defects of complex structure, material consumption, high manufacturing cost, high cost for maintaining the net shed, low light transmittance, influence on crop growth, manual removal of male flowers, introduction of bee populations and cost increase. Related research is also being conducted.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a method for efficient hybrid pollination of luffa acutangula with edges, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
a method for efficient hybrid pollination of luffa with edge comprises the following steps:
step one, collecting male parent male flowers: selecting male flowers with yellow buds for collection, and carrying the collected male flowers with the male flowers;
step two, pollination: selecting a female flower with a yellow flower bud, poking the petals of the female flower, taking out a male flower, tearing off the petals of the male flower until the stamen of the male flower is exposed, slightly and uniformly smearing the stamen of the male flower on the head of the female flower, then filling the whole stamen of the male flower into the female flower, and then fastening the petals of the female flower to prevent the flower from being polluted by ants, bees and other insects;
step three, marking: and (5) performing pollination marking on the female flowers after pollination, and completing pollination.
As a further scheme of the embodiment of the invention: and (4) screening variant plants before male parent male flowers are collected, and removing the variant plants when the variant plants are found to eliminate the variant plants.
As a further scheme of the embodiment of the invention: the time for collecting male flowers of the male parents is from 2 pm to 3 pm, the temperature is proper, and the time for collecting male flowers of the male parents is delayed when the male flowers meet continuous cloudy days or the temperature is low.
As a further scheme of the embodiment of the invention: in the step one, the collected male flowers are put into a mesh bag to be carried about, the mesh bag is convenient to purchase, and the cost is low.
As a further scheme of the embodiment of the invention: in the second step, the pollination time is 3 pm to 5 pm, the temperature is proper, and the pollination time is delayed when continuous cloudy days are met or the temperature is low.
As a further scheme of the embodiment of the invention: in the second step, the female petals are tied by tying lines, so that the connection firmness is good and the female petals are not easy to scatter.
As a further scheme of the embodiment of the invention: in the third step, the female flowers after pollination are marked with pollination by adopting a nylon rope tying mode, so that the operation is simple and the popularization is convenient.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method does not need to adopt a net-building shed facility, does not need to manually remove male flowers, does not need to introduce bees, reduces production investment and saves cost;
the method adopts the tying line to tie the female petals, compared with the bagging method, the material used is simple and convenient, the carrying is easy, the operation is rapid, and the working efficiency is improved;
the method can complete hybrid pollination before the flowering of the female flowers in the afternoon of the same day, does not need to clamp flowers in advance, and realizes high-efficiency operation;
the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the tying line is adopted for clamping the flowers, the operation is simple, the flowers can be clamped by pressing with fingers, the abnormal flower pollution is effectively blocked, the time is saved, the operation is convenient, and the working efficiency is high.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present patent will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Green source No. 1 (variety approval number: yue fu 2013004), green source No. 2 (species approval number: yue fu 2014012), and green source No. 3 (species approval number: yue fu 2016009) have been cultured by the method of the present invention, and the description is given using green source No. 3 as example 1.
Example 1
Selecting a planting field: the Luffa cylindrica has large plant growth amount, long seed maturation process and moisture resistance, but the seed melons are easy to rot, so that the field with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, rich organic matters, good drainage and ventilation and exposure to the sun is selected, and the former Perilla frutescens is preferably rice, so that the continuous cropping with melon vegetables is avoided. The seed production plot establishes an isolation area with the radius of 500 m, and the common luffa and luffa with arris cannot be planted in the isolation area.
Soil preparation and base fertilizer application: deeply ploughing the land, harrowing and smashing after 3-4 days of sunshine exposure, loosening the soil, leveling the ground, and leveling the land every 667 m2Applying 1500 kg of decomposed chicken manure, 50-70 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 100 kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizers, uniformly mixing the base fertilizers with soil, ridging and making ridges, wherein the width of the ridge surface is 1.3 m, the height of the ridge is about 30 cm, the width of the groove is 40cm, drainage grooves are formed in the periphery of the ridge surface, and the ridge surface is covered with a silver reflective mulching film.
And (3) seeding of parents: the variety is derived from a female parent of an FS153 pure inbred line, a male parent of an FS214-2 pure inbred line, and is generally arranged to be sown in the late 3 th to the early 4 th in spring and in the late 7 th to the early 8 th in autumn.
Preparing for seeding: the root system of the luffa with the arris is developed, and in order to avoid transplanting root damage and improve the transplanting survival rate, transplanting planting is carried out after disc hole seedling raising. Smashing harmless fertile garden soil, fully mixing the smashed fertile garden soil and an organic matrix according to the weight ratio of 2:1, and filling 2/3 cups for standby.
Seed soaking, germination accelerating and seeding: the seed consumption of the female parent FS153 pure inbred line per mu is 150 g-200 g, the male parent FS214-2 pure inbred line is sowed in staggered period according to the seed consumption of 1:10 of the female parent FS153 pure inbred line by weight, and the male parent is sowed 7 days earlier than the female parent, so that sufficient pollen is provided. Soaking seeds in warm water at 50 ℃ for 10 min for sterilization, cooling, soaking the seeds for 8-10 hours, putting the seeds into a cloth bag, throwing off excessive water, placing the cloth bag in a thermostat at 30-34 ℃ for germination acceleration, dibbling the seeds in a seedling tray in the afternoon of a fine day after exposing the seeds to the white, drenching the seedling tray thoroughly before dibbling, flatly sowing the seeds in tray holes, uniformly scattering a layer of matrix soil with the thickness of about 1 cm, drenching the seeds with fine water slowly, covering a sunshade net or a film after drenching thoroughly, preserving heat and moisture in spring, preventing exposure to the sun and wind and rain in autumn, and making male parent marks and female parent marks so as to avoid mixing.
Seedling stage management: and water and fertilizer are strictly controlled in the seedling stage, the soil is kept dry and wet, and the seeds are exposed, and then a film or a sunshade net is uncovered to make an arched shed. And (5) uncovering an arched shed for hardening seedlings 7 days before transplanting and field planting, and promoting the seedlings to gradually adapt to the open natural environment. The standard of strong seedlings before planting is that one core with two leaves and one stem is strong, the leaves are dark green, and the root system is developed.
And (3) transplanting, planting and building frames: performing double-row planting with plant row spacing of 55-60 cm by 60cm, each 667 m2Planting about 1500 plants, watering enough root fixing water after the film is perforated for field planting, and watering according to weather factors after seedling delay. When plant vine grows to 40cm, using bamboo to build double-row fence frame, leading vine to the frame, weeding in seedling stage, and dressing every 667 m when female parent is female flower2And (3) 10 kg of compound fertilizer, removing lateral tendrils and male flowers below 1 m of the female parent plant, promoting the female flowers of the main tendrils of the female parent to develop, and not picking the lateral tendrils and the male flowers of the male parent. And performing conventional cultivation and planting management during vegetative growth of the plants.
Cleaning work before pollination: and (4) carefully screening male parent plants and female parent plants, and removing the plants uniformly once suspicious plants or variant plants appear. The female flowers of the male parent and the male flowers of the female parent were removed. As the luffa acutangula strips grow fast, if the first fruit nodes are too low, the luffa acutangula strips are easy to infect diseases and rot after contacting with soil; after the first female flower bears fruit, the nutrition of the melon strip is quickly absorbed, so that the fruit at the later node obtains less nutrition and is not easy to fruit, and therefore, female buds with the plant height of less than 1 m are removed together.
And (3) cross pollination: the blooming time of female flowers of luffa with arris is 3:00-5:00 in the afternoon, if continuous cloudy days or low temperature is met, the blooming time is delayed to 6 in the afternoon: about 00, in the example, the female parent FS153 female flower is opened at 3:30-4:30 in the afternoon. The pollination method does not need to clamp flowers in advance, all pollination steps can be completed in the afternoon of the day, male flowers of a male parent FS214-2 are collected, male flowers which are about to bloom but do not bloom yellow are selected, and if the male flowers have insects or ants and the like, the male flowers are not collected at all; searching female parent FS153 female flower, selecting female flower which is about to bloom but does not bloom yellow, slightly poking the petals of the female flower with fingers, slightly stripping the petals of the male flower with hands, slightly sticking the pollen of the male flower on the heads of the female flower pillars, tightening the petals of the female flower with a thickened metal tying wire, if the pollen of the male flower is less, slightly plugging the male flower into the petals of the female flower and then tightening the male flower with the metal tying wire, preventing the flower from being polluted by ants, bees and other insects, and marking the pollinated female flower stems by nylon ropes.
And (3) field management after pollination: the luffa with the edge can be continuously pollinated and fruit set, young melons and deformed melons which are not pollinated or have unsuccessful pollination are timely picked off from female parent plants, so that centralized supply of nutrients to seed melons is facilitated, and 2-3 fruits can be set on each female parent. The demand for water and fertilizer is vigorous in the fruit expansion period, the fertilizer and water should be supplemented in time, and every 667 m of topdressing can be performed in the pollination period210 kg of compound fertilizer, and foliar fertilizer solution with the mass fraction of 0.2 percent can be sprayed for 2-3 times during the expanding and developing period of the seeds after pollination to prevent the premature senility of the plants. And diseases and pests such as powdery mildew, cotton rot, downy mildew, diaphania cucurbitae, melon fly and the like can be prevented and treated in time.
And (3) pest control: common diseases of the Luffa acutangula seed production in south China mainly include seedling damping-off, late-pollination cotton rot, downy mildew and powdery mildew. Common pests are diaphania cucurbitae, liriomyza sativae, whitefly and melon flies. The damping-off prevention should enhance seedling management and medicament control: (1) the seedbed is elevated, and the air is ventilated, so that the flood and the stain can be prevented; (2) after the seeds germinate and come out of the soil, the moisture is strictly controlled, and the principle of drenching is that the seeds are dry and wet; (3) when dead seedlings are found, the seedlings are removed in time, 800-fold solution of 75% dexon soluble powder and 600-fold solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder are sprayed, and after spraying, soil is properly scattered for covering, so that the disease is prevented from spreading. The cotton rot mostly occurs at the lower part of the plant, and as fruits contacting the ground are most prone to attack, the fruits are attacked when accumulated water is not drained timely after rain in the fruit setting period in continuous rainy days, the fruits are rotten, seeds are immature and the like. The prevention and treatment need to be advanced, the drainage and irrigation needs to be kept smooth in the early stage of disease occurrence, rotten fruits on the diseased leaves are removed in time, 500 times of solution of pulikes water agent with the mass fraction of 72.2% and 500 times of solution of antivirus wettable powder with the mass fraction of 64% can be sprayed, and the pesticide is applied once every 4 days for 2-3 times continuously. Downy mildew and powdery mildew mostly occur under continuous and high humidity conditions of rainy days, and mostly occur in the middle and last 9 months in the south China, at the moment, melons and fruits are shaped and enter the later ripening stage, but the quality of the melons and fruits can still be affected even if the melons and fruits are seriously attacked. In the early stage of disease, the management should be strengthened, the ditches are opened in time for draining water, the diseased and old leaves are removed, and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied additionally. The medicament treatment can be carried out by alternately spraying 600 times of chlorothalonil wettable powder with the mass fraction of 75%, 600 times of antithrombin (propineb) with the mass fraction of 70% or 500 times of daphne mould with the mass fraction of 70%, and spraying once every 7 days for 2-3 times continuously. The diaphania cucullata, liriomyza sativae, trialeurodes vaporariorum and bactrocera cucurbitae insect pests can be sprayed alternately with 2.5% of deltamethrin 1500 times liquid or 2.5% of amaxim (methoxyfenozide) 2000 times liquid or 1% of cyromazine 800 times liquid, and yellow plates or adhesive queens with sex attractants are used for physically preventing and treating the liriomyza sativae and the bactrocera cucurbitae, so that the effect is better.
Harvesting in good time, and warehousing after sun planting: the ripened and browned melons and fruits have thick flesh, and although the seeds are mature and turn color, the water content of the melon strips is high, and the melons and fruits still need to be harvested until the melon strips become yellow, dry and brown. The insect-resistant melons, deformed melons and unmarked melons are completely eliminated during collection. The melon seeds are harvested and then aired in a sunny way, when the melon shells are shaken to hear the sound of the rolling of the seeds, the tops of the melon strips are cut open, the seeds are thrown out by forceful beating, the taken seeds are put into a mesh bag for airing for 5-7 days, and the seeds are not directly aired on the cement ground, so that the embryo is prevented from being burned, and the germination rate is reduced. Removing impurities after drying in the sun, selecting, bagging at normal temperature, placing in a bag with labels indicating information such as variety name and variety origin, sealing, and placing in a freezer for later use.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A method for efficient hybrid pollination of luffa with edge is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step one, collecting male parent male flowers: selecting male flowers with yellow buds for collection, and carrying the collected male flowers with the male flowers;
step two, pollination: selecting a female flower with a yellow flower bud, poking the petals of the female flower, taking out a male flower, tearing off the petals of the male flower until the stamen of the male flower is exposed, slightly and uniformly smearing the stamen on the head of the female flower, then filling the whole stamen of the male flower into the female flower, and then fastening the petals of the female flower.
2. The method for efficient hybrid pollination of luffa acutangula with edges according to claim 1, further comprising marking: and (5) marking the pollinated female flowers with pollination marks.
3. The method for high efficiency hybrid pollination of luffa acutangula with a ridge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the selection of variant plants is performed before the collection of male parent male flowers, and when variant plants are found, the pulling-out treatment is performed.
4. The method for high efficiency hybrid pollination of luffa acutangula linnaeus according to claim 1, wherein the time for collecting male flowers of male parents in the first step is 2 pm to 3 pm.
5. The method for high-efficiency hybrid pollination of luffa acutangula linnaeus as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein the collected male flowers are carried around in a mesh bag in the first step.
6. The method for high efficiency hybrid pollination of luffa acutangula linnaeus according to claim 1, wherein the pollination time in step two is 3 pm to 5 pm.
7. The method for high-efficiency hybrid pollination of luffa acutangula with a pyramid, according to claim 1 or 6, wherein in the second step, the female petals are tied by a tying line.
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2020
- 2020-03-13 CN CN202010173159.9A patent/CN111226787A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
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| CN101496494A (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2009-08-05 | 彭邻海 | Crossbreeding method for variety of luffa |
| CN105940930A (en) * | 2016-05-29 | 2016-09-21 | 胡永军 | A sunlight greenhouse seed production method for loofahs |
| CN106982735A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-07-28 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of method for improving sponge gourd seed production efficiency |
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Application publication date: 20200605 |