CN109566403A - A kind of hybrid pumpkin seed production method in two seasons of one year - Google Patents
A kind of hybrid pumpkin seed production method in two seasons of one year Download PDFInfo
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- CN109566403A CN109566403A CN201910050830.8A CN201910050830A CN109566403A CN 109566403 A CN109566403 A CN 109566403A CN 201910050830 A CN201910050830 A CN 201910050830A CN 109566403 A CN109566403 A CN 109566403A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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Abstract
A kind of hybrid pumpkin seed production method in two seasons of one year includes the following steps: that March~July and July~summer and autumn in November crops for rotation manage two stages；Two stages include site preparation transplanting, field management, artificial pollination, pick and take kind of 6 steps.Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: the present invention uses greenhouse and Small plastic shed nursery, being achieved the effect that by reasonable arrangement crops for rotation and agronomic measures, which reduces high temperature or low temperature, negatively affects pumpkin growth and development, to realize the production in two seasons of one year of hybrid pumpkin seed production.Spring more conventional pumpkin producing method for seed can be done sth. in advance to harvest for 15-20 days, and summer and autumn can equally obtain stable yields, high-quality squash hybridization seed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant breeding, and in particular to a kind of method of hybrid pumpkin seed production.
Background technique
Pumpkin be Curcurbitaceae Cucurbita (Genus Cucurbita) annual sprawling herbs plant, China cultivation
There is the history of or so quincentenary, from last century the nineties, pumpkin is with its high nutritive value and functional characteristic in market
On by favor, with the raising of China's economic level and the improvement of quality of life, pumpkin cultivation scale be also gradually expanded, from
And wide market is provided for hybrid pumpkin seed production.
The pumpkin time of infertility about 100-120 days, growth optimum temperature was 15-30 DEG C, and fruit development optimum temperature is 20-25
DEG C, like short-day, most kinds 7-8 section starts give birth to female flower, later every 4-5 section again give birth to female flower, no matter and kind it is ripe
Property sooner or later, the melon of the first female flower section is small, and seed is also few, therefore the first female flower needs to extract the normal hair to guarantee subsequent kind of melon
It educates；On the other hand, since pumpkin root system absorbs, nutrient ability is limited, and single plant stays melon quantity excessively to easily lead to shedding and kind melon development
It is bad, therefore stay melon number to be 2-3 after general maternal pollination to be advisable, it is subject to different cultivars growth characteristics.When the first fruit is opened
It originates when educating, three or four melons generated again later will stop developing and changing melon or bud drop, it is necessary to several days after the first melon harvest
Fruit can just be formed, this is the result intermittency in production.
South Hubei is located at the Changjiang river Zhong Liunan bank, belongs to the continental monsoon climate in subtropical zone, has a moderate climate, and illumination is sufficient,
Abundant rainfall is often merely able to for pumpkin crops for rotation to be arranged in August in March-, one in local hybrid pumpkin seed production production history
For aspect since 7, August part temperature is excessively high, highest can reach 38 DEG C or so, and Seedling Stage is the important period of bud differentiation, high
Warm strong sunshine easily leads to pumpkin and forms hermaphrodite flower, and then influences pollination success rate and fruit development；On the other hand, local pumpkin is planted
If training crops for rotation are arranged in summer and autumn, pollination time is in mid or late October, and November is kind of an important period for melon development, and November
Local temperature on average at 9-17 DEG C, low temperature easily lead to seed can not full maturity, substantially reduce seed production efficiency and yield.In order to mention
High pumpkin seed production efficiency, local seed manufacturing enterprise are merely able to be produced in spring, and summer and autumn crops for rotation are transferred to Hainan progress
Breeding considerably increases production of hybrid seeds production cost, therefore cross-breeding technology for squash in two seasons of one year of tackling key problems, to shortening squash hybridization system
Kind period, raising productivity effect play the role of very important.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim to address South Hubei hybrid pumpkin seed production crops for rotation arrangement and administrative skill problem, the technology
Using the production of hybrid seeds period can not only be shortened, change the production history of a Nian Yiji, and can greatly reduce production of hybrid seeds production cost.
The technical scheme is that a kind of hybrid pumpkin seed production method in two seasons of one year, includes the following steps:
March~July and July~summer and autumn in November crops for rotation manage two stages；Two stages include site preparation transplanting, field pipe
Kind of 6 steps are picked and are taken in reason, artificial pollination, the specific steps are as follows:
S1. spring crops for rotation seeding and seedling raising management:
Early March carries out in the greenhouse, and the maternal sowing time postpones 10 days than male parent, and male parent and maternal quantitative proportion are 1: 10,
It soaks seed 0.5 hour for first 55 DEG C before sowing, takes out 30 DEG C of constant temperature after seed is wrapped up with wet gauze and be protected from light vernalization 24 hours, seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally
After can be sowed in hole tray, 0.5 cm of earthing；Hole tray is placed on seedbed, Small plastic shed heat and moisture preserving is covered, day temperature is maintained at
25~30 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is maintained at 16~18 DEG C, emerges within 7 days, raises arch shed membrane, night epiphragma daytime；
S2.4 the first tenday period of a month month --- site preparation transplanting:
Transplanting is ready for when pumpkin seedling is grown to two leaves wholeheartedly to open country；10 days site preparations before transplanting, per acre organic fertilizer
2000 kg, 50 kg of compound fertilizer cover 1.8 after the leveling of compartment face as base fertilizer, 1.5 m wide of compartment face, 0.3 m of ditch depth, 0.4 m of furrow width
The fluorescence mulch of m wide；Seedling is periodically moved into outdoor within transplanting preceding 7 days, raising seedling resistance, and with 10% imidacloprid, mu 10~
20 grams, 70% 600 times of carbendazim is spraying, pre- preventing disease and pest；Every compartment plants two rows when field planting, 0.6 m of spacing in the rows, line-spacing 1 m, and every 667
m2700~800 plants are planted, a planting water is poured after field planting；
S3.4 the first tenday period of a month month to mid-May --- field management: 5~7 days after transplanting, checks the growth of cereal crop seedlings and fill the gaps with seedlings in time；Pumpkin seedling is opened
Beginning carries out insert rack when stretching climing and ties up climing, and pumpkin leans on major branch as a result, lateral bine is more and easy consumption nutrient, thus it is maternal need 2~3 days it is whole
Branch 1 time extracts whole lateral bines, and male parent is without training；Period pulls out the hybrid strain for not meeting varietal characteristic in time, and especially male parent is pure
Degree will guarantee to reach 100%；Pumpkin pest and disease damage is less, and management aspect pays attention to bacterial angular leaf spot, powdery mildew and cabbage caterpillar, bacterium
Property angular leaf spot can alternately sprinkling 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder, 4000 times of liquid, 50% speed can clever 1500 times of liquid, 75% Bravo
The medicaments such as 500 times of liquid are prevented and treated；Powdery mildew can spray efficient germicide 20% triadimefon lotion, 2000 times of liquid and be controlled, and every 7
It is sprayed 1 time；This malicious tick, mu 50mL even spraying can be used in prevention and treatment cabbage caterpillar；
The S4.5 last ten-days period month --- artificial pollination: male parent and female parent started existing bud May 10, and May 20 to May 30 is most
Good pollination period；Pumpkin belongs to the different flowering plant of monoecism, therefore female parent wants stringent emasculation during the production of hybrid seeds, in male flower opening
Preceding whole is destroyed；Production district was all covered into separation net in 10 days in advance, it is ensured that without foreign pollen a string of flowers；Every morning during pollination
5:00~6:00 point starts to acquire male flower and be fitted into plastics basket, is put on the skin with the pistil painting of style against the female flower of male flower, every hero
Flower awards 2 female flowers, and every plant is pollinated 3~4, and is completed before 10 points of the morning, carries out pollination label and extracts in time and does not pollinate
Melon and different melon, in order to avoid consumption nutrient；7~10 days kind melons come to the ripening period after pollination, and excision plant is climing top, and nutrition is allowed to turn to fruit
Change, every plant is stayed 2, melon；It is showed according to growth potential, mu imposes 10 kg urea, 10 kg potassium sulfate and pours water in time；
S5.7 the first tenday period of a month month --- the sowing of summer and autumn stubble Parent, nursery: early July vernalization sowing, nursery in the greenhouse, female parent sowing
Time postpones 10 days than male parent, and male parent and female parent quantitative proportion are 1: 10, sows preceding first 55 DEG C seed soaking 0.5 hour, takes out seed
30 DEG C of constant temperature are protected from light vernalization 24 hours after being wrapped up with wet gauze, and seed can be sowed in hole tray after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, 0.5 cm of earthing；Period
Sunshade net is covered, is watered according to soil moisture content, and timely ventilation drying, controls day and night temperature at 5~10 DEG C；
The S6.7 middle of the month --- spring stubble picking: selection fair weather changes into yellow to kind of the melon whole body, starts to pick when planting climing failure
And be stored at shady and cool ventilation, it displays 20 days, takes kind after abundant after-ripening again；
The S7.7 last ten-days period month --- summer and autumn stubble site preparation transplanting: spring stubble pumpkin is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested after completing picking work, and site preparation applies fertilizer to the subsoil, specifically
Method is the same as spring stubble；Transplanting is ready for when pumpkin seedling is grown to two leaves wholeheartedly to open country；Seedling is periodically moved to room in first 7 days by transplanting
Outside, improve seedling resistance, and use 10% imidacloprid, 10~20 grams of mu, 70% 600 times of carbendazim be sprayed, pre- preventing disease and pest；Field planting
When every compartment plant two rows, 0.6 m of spacing in the rows, line-spacing 1 m, every 667 m21000~1100 plants are planted, a planting water is poured after field planting；
S8.8 the first tenday period of a month month --- spring stubble takes kind: cuing open before melon takes kind and further rejects miscellaneous melon according to curcumbitate, after the seed of taking-up is cleaned
It dries 2~3 days, controls 10% to seed moisture content hereinafter, pack storage can be cleaned in shady place；
S9.8 the first tenday period of a month month to mid-September --- field management: 5~7 days after transplanting, checking the growth of cereal crop seedlings and fill the gaps with seedlings in time, training tie up it is climing,
Hybrid strain and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control specific method are pulled out with spring stubble；It is 18~32 DEG C that pumpkin, which grows preference temperature, reduces temperature and Qiang Guang
According to being conducive to pumpkin reproductive growth；Summer and autumn high temperature period need to cover sunshade net, and suitably more waterings in afternoon mercury dropped；
The S10.9 middle of the month --- artificial pollination: the best pollination period of Parent is September 12 days to September 25th；It 10 days in advance will production
Area all covers separation net, it is ensured that without foreign pollen a string of flowers, attention covers sunshade net in time during summer and autumn produces, and pays attention to suitable
When watering cooling, with sharp male flower and female flower normal differentiation；Pumpkin pollination optimum temperature is 25~28 DEG C, and high temperature is avoided to lead to both sexes
Colored formation is the key that summer and autumn production of hybrid seeds work；Concrete operations are the same as spring stubble during pollination；7~10 days tender melons enter into after pollination
The ripe phase, excision plant is climing top, allows nutrition to convert to fruit, every plant is stayed 2, melon；It is showed according to growth potential, mu imposes 10 kg urea
10 kg potassium sulfates are simultaneously poured water in time；
The S11.10 last ten-days period month --- picking: selection fair weather changes into yellow to the pumpkin fruit whole body, starts to adopt when planting climing failure
It plucks and is stored at shady and cool ventilation, display 20 days, take kind after abundant after-ripening again；
The S12.11 middle of the month --- take kind: cuing open and further reject miscellaneous melon before melon takes kind according to curcumbitate, the seed of taking-up clean after in
Shady place dries 2~3 days, is controlled 10% to seed moisture content hereinafter, pack storage can be cleaned.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
The present invention uses greenhouse and Small plastic shed nursery, and being reached by reasonable arrangement crops for rotation and agronomic measures reduces high temperature or low temperature
To the effect of pumpkin growth and development negative effect, to realize the production in two seasons of one year of hybrid pumpkin seed production.Spring relatively conventional south
Melon producing method for seed can be done sth. in advance to harvest for 15-20 days, and summer and autumn can equally obtain stable yields, high-quality squash hybridization seed.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described combined with specific embodiments below:
Embodiment one:
Late March --- site preparation: selection fertile soil can fill the plot that can be arranged, and broadcast preplanting treatment and apply fertilizer to the subsoil, per acre organic fertilizer
2000 kg, 50 kg of compound fertilizer cover 1.8 after the leveling of compartment face as base fertilizer, 1.5 m wide of compartment face, 0.3 m of ditch depth, 0.4 m of furrow width
The fluorescence mulch of m wide.
Early April --- Parent sowing, nursery: in open field live broadcast, female parent postpones 10 days compared with the male parent sowing time, parent
This quantitative proportion is 1:10.Seeding method is program request on film, 0.6 m of spacing in the rows, line-spacing 1 m, every 667 m21000-1100 plants are planted,
2 cm of depth of planting or so and earthing, the growth of cereal crop seedlings is checked after emerging and is filled the gaps with seedlings in time.Seedling stage pays attention to control liquid manure, avoids seedling empty
It is long.
Mid-April to mid or late May --- field management: insert rack is carried out when pumpkin seedling starts to stretch climing and ties up climing, pumpkin leans on
Major branch knot melon, lateral bine is more and easy consumption nutrient, therefore female parent needs 2-3 days excision lateral bines, and male parent is without training.Period pulls out not
Meeting the hybrid strain of varietal characteristic, especially male parent purity will guarantee to reach 100%.Pumpkin pest and disease damage is less, and management aspect pays attention to carefully
Bacterium property angular leaf spot, powdery mildew and cabbage caterpillar, bacterial angular leaf spot can alternately spray 4000 times of 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder
Liquid, 50% speed can the medicaments such as clever 1500 times of liquid, 75% 500 times of liquid of Bravo prevented and treated；Powdery mildew can spray efficient germicide 20%
2000 times of liquid of triadimefon lotion are controlled, and are sprayed 1 time within every 7 days；This malicious tick can be used in prevention and treatment cabbage caterpillar, and 50 mL of mu uniformly sprays
Mist.
June early and middle ten days --- artificial pollination: May 30 to June 15 be best pollination period, 10 days in advance are complete by production district
Portion covers separation net, it is ensured that without foreign pollen a string of flowers, female parent wants stringent emasculation during the production of hybrid seeds, all beats before male flower is open
Fall.5:00-6:00 point started to acquire and male flower and was fitted into plastics basket every morning during pollination, with the style of male flower against female flower
Pistil painting put on the skin, every male flower awards 2 female flowers, every plant of pollination 2-3, and completes before 10 points of the morning, carries out pollination and marks
And do not pollinate melon and different melon are extractd in time, in order to avoid consumption nutrient.7-10 days kind melons come to the ripening period after pollination, and climing top is planted in excision
Point allows nutrition to convert to fruit.It is showed according to growth potential, mu imposes 10 kg urea, 10 kg potassium sulfate and pours water in time.
Early August --- picking: yellow is changed into the pumpkin fruit whole body, when planting climing failure, fair weather is selected to start to adopt
It plucks and is stored at shady and cool ventilation, display 20 days, take kind after abundant after-ripening again.
Late August --- it takes kind: miscellaneous melon is further rejected before collecting seed according to curcumbitate, in shady place after the seed of taking-up is clean
Sunning 2-3 days is controlled 10% to seed moisture content hereinafter, pack storage can be cleaned.
Embodiment two:
Early August --- site preparation: uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested after the picking of spring pumpkin kind melon, and site preparation applies fertilizer to the subsoil, per acre 2000 kg of organic fertilizer,
50 kg of compound fertilizer covers the glimmering of 1.8 m wide after the leveling of compartment face as base fertilizer, 1.5 m wide of compartment face, 0.3 m of ditch depth, 0.4 m of furrow width
Light mulch.
Late August --- Parent sowing, nursery: in open field live broadcast, female parent postpones 10 days compared with the male parent sowing time, male parent
It is 1:10 with maternal quantitative proportion.Seeding method and seedling management method are the same as embodiment one.
Early September to mid-October --- field management: predominantly training is tied up climing, pulls out hybrid strain in time and pest and disease damage is anti-
It controls.Specific method is the same as embodiment one.
Mid or late October --- artificial pollination: male parent and female parent best pollination period be October 15 to October 30, tool
Body pollinating method is the same as embodiment one.
Late November --- picking: kind melon can not still be fully finished annesl before and after November 30, and outdoor temperature on average is
Through selecting fair weather to start to pick and be stored at shady and cool ventilation, taking kind again after displaying 20 days down to 9-17 DEG C.
Mid or late December --- it takes kind: miscellaneous melon is further rejected before collecting seed according to curcumbitate, in yin after the seed of taking-up is clean
Liang Chu is dried 2-3 days, is controlled 10% to seed moisture content hereinafter, pack storage can be cleaned.
Embodiment three:
The technical solution adopted by the present invention mainly includes the crops for rotation management of spring July in March-and summer and autumn crops for rotation in November in July-management two
A stage.Two stages include seeding and seedling raising, site preparation transplanting, field management, artificial pollination, pick and take kind of 6 steps, tool
Steps are as follows for body:
Early March --- Parent sowing, nursery: the step carries out in the greenhouse, and the maternal sowing time postpones 10 days than male parent,
Male parent and female parent quantitative proportion are 1:10, sow preceding first 55 DEG C seed soaking 0.5 hour, take out 30 DEG C of perseverances after seed is wrapped up with wet gauze
Temperature is protected from light vernalization 24 hours or so, and seed can be sowed in hole tray after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, 0.5 cm of earthing.Hole tray is placed on seedbed, is covered
Small plastic shed heat and moisture preserving, day temperature are maintained at 25-30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is maintained at 16-18 DEG C, emerge within about 7 days or so, daytime
Raise arch shed membrane, night epiphragma.
Early April --- site preparation transplanting: transplanting is ready for when pumpkin seedling is grown to two leaves wholeheartedly to open country.Before transplanting
10 days site preparations, 2000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre, 50 kg of compound fertilizer is as base fertilizer, 1.5 m wide of compartment face, 0.3 m of ditch depth, furrow width
0.4 m covers the fluorescence mulch of 1.8 m wide after the leveling of compartment face.Seedling is periodically moved into outdoor within transplanting first 7 days, it is anti-to improve seedling
Inverse property, and 10% imidacloprid is used, 10-20 grams of mu, 70% 600 times of carbendazim is sprayed, pre- preventing disease and pest.Every compartment plants two rows when field planting,
0.6 m of spacing in the rows, line-spacing 1 m, every 667 m2700-800 plants are planted, a planting water is poured after field planting.
Early April to mid-May --- field management: it 5-7 days after transplanting, checks the growth of cereal crop seedlings and fills the gaps with seedlings in time.Pumpkin seedling is opened
Beginning carries out insert rack when stretching climing and ties up climing, and pumpkin leans on major branch as a result, lateral bine is more and easy consumption nutrient, thus female parent need 2-3 days it is whole
Branch 1 time extracts whole lateral bines, and male parent is without training.Period pulls out the hybrid strain for not meeting varietal characteristic in time, and especially male parent is pure
Degree will guarantee to reach 100%.Pumpkin pest and disease damage is less, and management aspect pays attention to bacterial angular leaf spot, powdery mildew and cabbage caterpillar, bacterium
Property angular leaf spot can alternately sprinkling 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder, 4000 times of liquid, 50% speed can clever 1500 times of liquid, 75% Bravo
The medicaments such as 500 times of liquid are prevented and treated；Powdery mildew can spray efficient germicide 20% triadimefon lotion, 2000 times of liquid and be controlled, and every 7
It is sprayed 1 time；This malicious tick, mu 50mL even spraying can be used in prevention and treatment cabbage caterpillar.
Late May --- artificial pollination: male parent and female parent started to show bud, May 20 to May 30 10 days or so May
Day is best pollination period.Pumpkin belongs to the different flowering plant of monoecism, therefore female parent wants stringent emasculation during the production of hybrid seeds, in male flower
It is all destroyed before open.Production district was all covered into separation net in 10 days in advance, it is ensured that without foreign pollen a string of flowers.It is every during pollination
Its morning 5:00-6:00 point starts to acquire male flower and be fitted into plastics basket, is put on the skin with the pistil painting of style against the female flower of male flower, often
Piece male flower awards 2 female flowers, every plant of pollination 3-4, and completes before 10 points of the morning, carries out pollination and marks and extract in time and does not award
Powder melon and different melon, in order to avoid consumption nutrient.7-10 days kind melons come to the ripening period after pollination, and excision is planted climing top, allow nutrition to fruit
Conversion, every plant is stayed 2, melon.It is showed according to growth potential, mu imposes 10 kg urea, 10 kg potassium sulfate and pours water in time.
Early July --- the sowing of summer and autumn stubble Parent, nursery: early July, vernalization sowing, nursery, female parent were broadcast in the greenhouse
The kind time postpones 10 days than male parent, and male parent and female parent quantitative proportion are 1:10, and kind is taken out in preceding first 55 DEG C seed soaking 0.5 hour of sowing
30 DEG C of constant temperature are protected from light vernalization 24 hours or so after son is wrapped up with wet gauze, and seed can be sowed in hole tray after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, earthing 0.5
cm.Period covers sunshade net, is watered according to soil moisture content, and timely ventilation drying, controls day and night temperature at 5-10 DEG C and is
Preferably.
Mid-July --- spring stubble picking: selection fair weather changes into yellow to kind of the melon whole body, starts to adopt when planting climing failure
It plucks and is stored at shady and cool ventilation, display 20 days, take kind after abundant after-ripening again.
Late July --- summer and autumn stubble site preparation transplanting: spring stubble pumpkin is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested after completing picking work, and site preparation applies fertilizer to the subsoil, tool
Body method is the same as spring stubble.Transplanting is ready for when pumpkin seedling is grown to two leaves wholeheartedly to open country.Transplanting periodically moves to seedling for first 7 days
Outdoor, improve seedling resistance, and use 10% imidacloprid, 10-20 grams of mu, 70% 600 times of carbendazim be sprayed, pre- preventing disease and pest.It is fixed
Every compartment plants two rows, 0.6 m of spacing in the rows, line-spacing 1 m, every 667 m when plant21000-1100 plants are planted, a planting water is poured after field planting.
Early August --- spring stubble takes kind: cuing open before melon takes kind and further rejects miscellaneous melon according to curcumbitate, after the seed of taking-up is cleaned
It dries 2-3 days, controls 10% to seed moisture content hereinafter, pack storage can be cleaned in shady place.
Early August to mid-September --- field management: 5-7 days after transplanting, checking the growth of cereal crop seedlings and fill the gaps with seedlings in time, training tie up it is climing,
Hybrid strain and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control specific method are pulled out with spring stubble.It is 18-32 DEG C that pumpkin, which grows preference temperature, reduces temperature and intense light irradiation
Be conducive to pumpkin reproductive growth.Summer and autumn high temperature period need to cover sunshade net, and suitably more waterings in afternoon mercury dropped.
Mid-September --- artificial pollination: the best pollination period of Parent is September 12 days to September 25th.It 10 days in advance will production
Area all covers separation net, it is ensured that without foreign pollen a string of flowers, attention covers sunshade net in time during summer and autumn produces, and pays attention to suitable
When watering cooling, with sharp male flower and female flower normal differentiation.Pumpkin pollination optimum temperature is 25-28 DEG C, and high temperature is avoided to lead to both sexes
Colored formation is the key that summer and autumn production of hybrid seeds work.Concrete operations are the same as spring stubble during pollination.7-10 days tender melons enter into after pollination
The ripe phase, excision plant is climing top, allows nutrition to convert to fruit, every plant is stayed 2, melon.It is showed according to growth potential, mu imposes 10 kg urea
10 kg potassium sulfates are simultaneously poured water in time.
Late October --- picking: selection fair weather changes into yellow to the pumpkin fruit whole body, starts to adopt when planting climing failure
It plucks and is stored at shady and cool ventilation, display 20 days, take kind after abundant after-ripening again.
Mid-November --- take kind: cuing open and further reject miscellaneous melon before melon takes kind according to curcumbitate, the seed of taking-up clean after in
Shady place dries 2-3 days, is controlled 10% to seed moisture content hereinafter, pack storage can be cleaned.
Subordinate list
。
Claims (1)
1. a kind of hybrid pumpkin seed production method in two seasons of one year, which comprises the steps of:
March~July and July~summer and autumn in November crops for rotation manage two stages；Two stages include site preparation transplanting, field pipe
Kind of 6 steps are picked and are taken in reason, artificial pollination, the specific steps are as follows:
S1. spring crops for rotation seeding and seedling raising management:
Early March carries out in the greenhouse, and the maternal sowing time postpones 10 days than male parent, and male parent and maternal quantitative proportion are 1: 10,
It soaks seed 0.5 hour for first 55 DEG C before sowing, takes out 30 DEG C of constant temperature after seed is wrapped up with wet gauze and be protected from light vernalization 24 hours, seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally
After can be sowed in hole tray, 0.5 cm of earthing；Hole tray is placed on seedbed, Small plastic shed heat and moisture preserving is covered, day temperature is maintained at
25~30 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is maintained at 16~18 DEG C, emerges within 7 days, raises arch shed membrane, night epiphragma daytime；
S2.4 the first tenday period of a month month --- site preparation transplanting:
Transplanting is ready for when pumpkin seedling is grown to two leaves wholeheartedly to open country；10 days site preparations before transplanting, per acre organic fertilizer
2000 kg, 50 kg of compound fertilizer cover 1.8 after the leveling of compartment face as base fertilizer, 1.5 m wide of compartment face, 0.3 m of ditch depth, 0.4 m of furrow width
The fluorescence mulch of m wide；Seedling is periodically moved into outdoor within transplanting preceding 7 days, raising seedling resistance, and with 10% imidacloprid, mu 10~
20 grams, 70% 600 times of carbendazim is spraying, pre- preventing disease and pest；Every compartment plants two rows when field planting, 0.6 m of spacing in the rows, line-spacing 1 m, and every 667
m2700~800 plants are planted, a planting water is poured after field planting；
S3.4 the first tenday period of a month month to mid-May --- field management: 5~7 days after transplanting, checks the growth of cereal crop seedlings and fill the gaps with seedlings in time；Pumpkin seedling is opened
Beginning carries out insert rack when stretching climing and ties up climing, and pumpkin leans on major branch as a result, lateral bine is more and easy consumption nutrient, thus it is maternal need 2~3 days it is whole
Branch 1 time extracts whole lateral bines, and male parent is without training；Period pulls out the hybrid strain for not meeting varietal characteristic in time, and especially male parent is pure
Degree will guarantee to reach 100%；Pumpkin pest and disease damage is less, and management aspect pays attention to bacterial angular leaf spot, powdery mildew and cabbage caterpillar, bacterium
Property angular leaf spot can alternately sprinkling 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder, 4000 times of liquid, 50% speed can clever 1500 times of liquid, 75% Bravo
The medicaments such as 500 times of liquid are prevented and treated；Powdery mildew can spray efficient germicide 20% triadimefon lotion, 2000 times of liquid and be controlled, and every 7
It is sprayed 1 time；This malicious tick, mu 50mL even spraying can be used in prevention and treatment cabbage caterpillar；
The S4.5 last ten-days period month --- artificial pollination: male parent and female parent started existing bud May 10, and May 20 to May 30 is most
Good pollination period；Pumpkin belongs to the different flowering plant of monoecism, therefore female parent wants stringent emasculation during the production of hybrid seeds, in male flower opening
Preceding whole is destroyed；Production district was all covered into separation net in 10 days in advance, it is ensured that without foreign pollen a string of flowers；Every morning during pollination
5:00~6:00 point starts to acquire male flower and be fitted into plastics basket, is put on the skin with the pistil painting of style against the female flower of male flower, every hero
Flower awards 2 female flowers, and every plant is pollinated 3~4, and is completed before 10 points of the morning, carries out pollination label and extracts in time and does not pollinate
Melon and different melon, in order to avoid consumption nutrient；7~10 days kind melons come to the ripening period after pollination, and excision plant is climing top, and nutrition is allowed to turn to fruit
Change, every plant is stayed 2, melon；It is showed according to growth potential, mu imposes 10 kg urea, 10 kg potassium sulfate and pours water in time；
S5.7 the first tenday period of a month month --- the sowing of summer and autumn stubble Parent, nursery: early July vernalization sowing, nursery in the greenhouse, female parent sowing
Time postpones 10 days than male parent, and male parent and female parent quantitative proportion are 1: 10, sows preceding first 55 DEG C seed soaking 0.5 hour, takes out seed
30 DEG C of constant temperature are protected from light vernalization 24 hours after being wrapped up with wet gauze, and seed can be sowed in hole tray after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, 0.5 cm of earthing；Period
Sunshade net is covered, is watered according to soil moisture content, and timely ventilation drying, controls day and night temperature at 5~10 DEG C；
The S6.7 middle of the month --- spring stubble picking: selection fair weather changes into yellow to kind of the melon whole body, starts to pick when planting climing failure
And be stored at shady and cool ventilation, it displays 20 days, takes kind after abundant after-ripening again；
The S7.7 last ten-days period month --- summer and autumn stubble site preparation transplanting: spring stubble pumpkin is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested after completing picking work, and site preparation applies fertilizer to the subsoil, specifically
Method is the same as spring stubble；Transplanting is ready for when pumpkin seedling is grown to two leaves wholeheartedly to open country；Seedling is periodically moved to room in first 7 days by transplanting
Outside, improve seedling resistance, and use 10% imidacloprid, 10~20 grams of mu, 70% 600 times of carbendazim be sprayed, pre- preventing disease and pest；Field planting
When every compartment plant two rows, 0.6 m of spacing in the rows, line-spacing 1 m, every 667 m21000~1100 plants are planted, a planting water is poured after field planting；
S8.8 the first tenday period of a month month --- spring stubble takes kind: cuing open before melon takes kind and further rejects miscellaneous melon according to curcumbitate, after the seed of taking-up is cleaned
It dries 2~3 days, controls 10% to seed moisture content hereinafter, pack storage can be cleaned in shady place；
S9.8 the first tenday period of a month month to mid-September --- field management: 5~7 days after transplanting, checking the growth of cereal crop seedlings and fill the gaps with seedlings in time, training tie up it is climing,
Hybrid strain and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control specific method are pulled out with spring stubble；It is 18~32 DEG C that pumpkin, which grows preference temperature, reduces temperature and Qiang Guang
According to being conducive to pumpkin reproductive growth；Summer and autumn high temperature period need to cover sunshade net, and suitably more waterings in afternoon mercury dropped；
The S10.9 middle of the month --- artificial pollination: the best pollination period of Parent is September 12 days to September 25th；It 10 days in advance will production
Area all covers separation net, it is ensured that without foreign pollen a string of flowers, attention covers sunshade net in time during summer and autumn produces, and pays attention to suitable
When watering cooling, with sharp male flower and female flower normal differentiation；Pumpkin pollination optimum temperature is 25~28 DEG C, and high temperature is avoided to lead to both sexes
Colored formation is the key that summer and autumn production of hybrid seeds work；Concrete operations are the same as spring stubble during pollination；7~10 days tender melons enter into after pollination
The ripe phase, excision plant is climing top, allows nutrition to convert to fruit, every plant is stayed 2, melon；It is showed according to growth potential, mu imposes 10 kg urea
10 kg potassium sulfates are simultaneously poured water in time；
The S11.10 last ten-days period month --- picking: selection fair weather changes into yellow to the pumpkin fruit whole body, starts to adopt when planting climing failure
It plucks and is stored at shady and cool ventilation, display 20 days, take kind after abundant after-ripening again；
The S12.11 middle of the month --- take kind: cuing open and further reject miscellaneous melon before melon takes kind according to curcumbitate, the seed of taking-up clean after in
Shady place dries 2~3 days, is controlled 10% to seed moisture content hereinafter, pack storage can be cleaned.
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| CN110140608A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-08-20 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A kind of cultural method that roselle yields two crops a year |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108925380A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-04 | 长沙市蔬菜科学研究所(长沙市无公害蔬菜检测中心)(长沙市农业科学研究所) | A kind of one batch of double receipts balsam pear producing method for seed |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108925380A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-04 | 长沙市蔬菜科学研究所(长沙市无公害蔬菜检测中心)(长沙市农业科学研究所) | A kind of one batch of double receipts balsam pear producing method for seed |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110140608A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-08-20 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A kind of cultural method that roselle yields two crops a year |
| CN110140608B (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2021-03-26 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for cultivating roselle twice a year |
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