CN115362932A - Pineapple film-covering moisture-proof hybridization method - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pineapple film-covering moisture-proof hybridization method, which comprises the following steps of (1) planning hybridization parent combination, (2) collecting pollen by moisture-proof water, covering male parent plants with films before sunset every day during development of hybridization pollination, removing the plants in the morning next day, and then collecting the pollen; (3) moisture-proof water pollination hybridization: the female parent plant is covered by a film before sunset every day, removed in the next morning, and then cross pollination is carried out, including two conditions: a. treating the flowers of the female parent with normal pistils obviously growing over the stamens; b. treating flowers of female parents with stamens growing over pistils; (4) management after pollination; and (5) harvesting seeds. The method provided by the invention is simple and convenient to operate, the pollination success rate can be obviously improved, the hybridization breeding seed setting rate is improved, large-scale high-quality and healthy hybrid seeds can be easily obtained, and excellent new germplasm can be easily cultivated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop crossbreeding, and particularly relates to a pineapple crossbreeding method.
Background
Pineapple [ Ananas comosus (l.) Merr. ] is also known as pineapple, a perennial monocotyledonous evergreen herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Ananas of the family anaphicaceae, and one of the famous tropical fruits. The pineapple fruit is rich in nutrition, contains a large amount of fructose, glucose, vitamin B, C, phosphorus, citric acid, protease and other substances, and is one of the most economically valuable fruits in the world.
The pineapple selective breeding work in China was interrupted for a long time in the last 90 th century, so that the current domestic pineapple main cultivated varieties are still varieties which are selectively bred and popularized in the last 80 th century. More than 95% of the major producing areas of Guangdong pineapples are traditional Bali and Shenwan; more than 75% of Guangxi pineapple main producing areas are traditional Bali varieties, and the main cultivated varieties of Hainanwanning and Qionghainan provinces with the largest pineapple producing areas are traditional Bali varieties; although the varieties have the advantages of strong resistance and wide adaptability, the varieties obviously show the defects of degeneration, low commodity value and the like due to long-term asexual propagation and application, and seriously restrict the healthy and stable development of the pineapple planting industry.
At present, the number of excellent pineapple varieties cultivated all over the world is small, and the existing germplasm resources need to be dug urgently to develop the hybridization breeding work by utilizing specific characters. Pineapple fruit is a typical flower-gathering fruit, and the flowers are densely populated on the upper part of the fleshy rachis of the center of the plant, such as the pine ball distribution, and are gradually developed from the flowering and fruiting. Research shows that the plant pollen propagation path can be blocked by much dew and long duration, the probability of pollination and insemination is reduced, and the plant propagation is extremely adversely affected. Therefore, the artificial pollination hybridization is carried out only on pineapple flowers which are opened in the early morning, and the effect is conceivable. In addition, pineapple flower is dense and little flower, and the flower is formed by three petal coincidence, and the flower that blooms greatly only opens out a osculum in petal dead ahead department and regards as the artificial pollination passageway, and the flower opening part can hold a matchstick size, so artificial pollination instrument small and exquisite more is favorable to carrying out the pollination hybridization.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to effectively solve the defects of the conventional pineapple pollination hybridization technology, the invention provides a pineapple film-coating moisture-proof hybridization method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a pineapple film-coating moisture-proof water hybridization method comprises the following steps:
(1) Planning the combination of the hybrid parents: selecting a variety with relatively long affinity and relatively outstanding target characters as parents to carry out hybridization, and meeting the florescence of the parents by planning planting time in advance and manually forcing flowers to regulate and control;
(2) Collecting pollen by using damp-proof water: during development of hybrid pollination, a non-woven fabric film is selected to cover a male parent plant before sunset every day, a stick support is fixed with a tether, the non-woven fabric film is removed early every morning, 7-9;
(3) And (3) preventing wet pollination hybridization: before sunset every day, a non-woven fabric film is selected to cover the female parent plant, a wooden stick support is fixed with a tying rope, meanwhile, the non-woven fabric film is firstly unbundled every morning, and then the cross pollination operation is carried out in the morning from 8 to 10:
a. when pollination is carried out, one end of a cotton head of a cotton swab is extended into a centrifugal tube for collecting pollen, so that cotton head fluff fully adsorbs the pollen, the cotton head adsorbing the pollen is fully contacted with a stigma in a blooming flower of a female parent plant, pollination insemination of the female parent pistil is ensured, and finally, a mark indicates the hybridization time of a male parent and a female parent;
b. female parent flowers with stamens over pistils: holding the mouth of a centrifugal tube with a cover close to a female parent plant to bloom flowers, then holding tweezers by hand to lightly clamp the anther which surrounds and completely covers the pistil stigma into the centrifugal tube for later use, removing the anther to ensure that the pistil stigma of the female parent is easy to pollinate and hybridize, then extending one end of a cotton head of a cotton swab into the centrifugal tube for marking pollen of the male parent, enabling cotton head villi to fully adsorb pollen, then fully contacting the cotton head for adsorbing the pollen with the stigma for emasculating flowers to ensure that the pistil of the female parent pollinates and inseminates, and finally marking the time for indicating the hybridization of the male parent and the female parent and pollination;
(4) And (3) management after pollination: spraying carbendazim or thiophanate methyl 1-2 times after blossom withering to prevent fruit diseases from endangering the healthy development of seeds in fruit eye chambers, bagging in time at fruit expansion period to prevent high-temperature burn, and preventing insects and animals from gnawing and injuring near fruit maturity;
(5) Seed harvesting: when the fruit skin turns yellow by 1/2 after pollination and hybridization for 3-4 months, the fruit can be harvested, the seeds of the harvested fruit can be directly harvested according to the maturity, and the seeds can be harvested after the mature fruit skin turns yellow completely after storage.
Preferably, the method for regulating and controlling the artificial flower forcing selects ethephon 800-1000 times of liquid for flower forcing to be used for flower forcing varieties twice; selecting 1.5-2.5% calcium carbide solution for flower forcing variety for 2-4 times or 1.5-2.5% calcium carbide solution for flower forcing for 2 times, adding ethephon 800-1000 times of solution, and filling core for 1 time; the flower forcing of the calcium carbide solution is carried out at night in sunny days; ethephon She Cuihua selects 5-9: 00 or evening 18: after 00 (avoiding high summer temperatures).
The flower forcing time needs to be judged in advance according to the change of the climate environment, the flower forcing needs to be arranged in advance for about 45-60 days at the low temperature of flower forcing in spring, and the flower forcing can be carried out 20-30 days in advance at the high temperature of summer. And 3, the florescence of a batch suitable for pollination is as follows: the flowering period in the last ten days of the month is 5, and the flower is promoted in the last ten days of the month is 4; 3 in the middle of the month, flower forcing in 12 months.
The pineapple plants bloom naturally and fruit only once in 3 and 4 months in general, and other batches of cross breeding work can not be carried out freely without carrying out flower forcing to regulate the production period and removing the normal season flowers in advance. Therefore, the pineapple needs to be promoted to regulate the production period so as to improve the breeding efficiency. Although the pollen amount and the hybrid seed-setting rate of pineapple flower forcing plants are far lower than those of natural flowering plants, the applicant develops pollination and hybridization between natural pineapple flowers and flower forcing batches in 2021 and 2022, and finds that the flower forcing uniformity and seed-setting rate of different varieties of pineapples are not different from those of natural flowers, and even are better than those of natural flowers. Because natural flowers are susceptible to cold damage caused by cold rain and low temperature in spring, flowers and pollen are underdeveloped.
Preferably, the non-woven fabric film is a white agricultural non-woven fabric film with the density of 60 g, air permeability, water resistance and light weight.
Preferably, the size of the centrifugal tube with the cover is 5 ml.
Preferably, the cotton swab is a nano cotton swab, the size of the match stem is about 9cm, and the small cotton head has strong flocking fine hair adsorption capacity.
Preferably, the carbendazim or thiophanate methyl is sprayed by 500-800 times of liquid.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, when seeds are taken, the pineapple is peeled by a peeling knife or a bent knife, then the seeds are dug and collected from the fruit eye chamber by the 304 integrated dual-purpose fork spoon, and finally the seeds are cleaned for later use.
Preferably, the hybrid parent combination with relatively long affinity and outstanding target characters is selected to be Malaysia pineapple x watermelon pineapple pollination, winter honey pineapple x hand-torn pineapple, hand-torn pineapple x watermelon pineapple, malaysia pineapple x winter honey pineapple. (1) The Malaysia pineapple and the watermelon pineapple have rich fragrance and high sweetness of the Malaysia mature fruit, but the small fruit yield is low; the watermelon and pineapple have less fiber, the fruit has high yield, but the fruit has light fragrance and moderate sweetness. (2) The winter honey pineapple and the hand-torn pineapple have no thorns on the winter honey leaves, less fruit fiber, fineness and good winter fruit quality, but the pulp is easy to be water-soaked in the mature period; the hand-torn pineapple is easy to peel and has good taste, the fruit shows high resistance to flesh water stain, but the leaves are thorny, and the fruit is sour in winter. (3) The hand-torn pineapples and watermelon pineapples are easy to peel and have good taste, fruits show high resistance to pulp water stain, but leaves have more thorns, and the weight of a single fruit is low; the watermelon and pineapple leaves have no thorns, the weight of a single fruit is high, but the sweetness of the fruit is moderate, the flavor is not good, and the fruit is easy to be soaked in pulp water in the mature period. (4) The mature fruits of Malaysia pineapple and winter honey pineapple have strong fragrance and high sweetness, but the fruits are small and the yield is low; the winter honey has no thorns on leaves, less fruit fiber, fineness, good fruit quality in winter, larger single fruit and high yield, but the pulp is easy to be water-soaked in the mature period.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method is simple and convenient, can obviously improve the pollination success rate, improves the hybridization breeding seed setting rate, is easy to obtain large-batch high-quality and healthy hybrid seeds, and is easy to culture excellent new germplasm. The natural flowers are easily affected by cold damage of low-temperature overcast and rainy in spring, so that the flowers and the pollen are dysplastic, the parent combination hybridization can be more comprehensively and reasonably configured by the flower forcing technology for regulating the production period, and excellent germplasm is more easily cultivated.
2. The invention adopts 60 g of breathable, waterproof and light white agricultural non-woven fabric film to cover parent plants, aims to shield the situation that the petal pollen is wetted by dew in the morning and evening, and the pollen is not coated by even if the pollination cotton is wetted, so that the cross pollination work is difficult to smoothly develop, and the film covering can obviously promote the pollination insemination, improve the maturing rate of cross breeding and harvest a large amount of high-quality cross breeding materials.
3. According to the invention, 5ml of centrifugal tube with a cover is selected to take powder and match with a small nano cotton swab for pollination, so that the method is very suitable for ananas comosus with dense and small flowers, and can obviously increase the female parent pollination hybridization probability; the 304-body dual-purpose fork spoon avoids mechanical damage when seeds are harvested, and effectively reduces later-stage seed breeding mildew infection.
4. The invention firstly performs castration treatment on the flowers with stamens growing over pistils, namely, the anther removal is to avoid that the anthers of the flowers of the female parent can not pollinate and hybridize smoothly due to the fact that the short stigma in the flowers is shielded, and under the conditions that the anthers collected by castration are more and the pollen quality is good, the anthers can be taken to pollinate and hybridize with other flowers of the female parent, so that the utilization rate of the pollen is improved.
5. The success rate of pollination and hybridization of the invention reaches more than 90 percent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a view showing the film covering condition of the pineapple parent nonwoven fabric in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the situation of extracting pineapple male parent pollen.
FIG. 3 is a drawing showing the emasculation of anthers.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the operation of cross pollination.
FIG. 5 shows the stamens and pistils of normal pineapple.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the case where stamens are over pistils.
Fig. 7 is a view showing the state of pineapple dew on the 3 rd month early in the case of no coating film.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the following examples:
example 1
A pineapple film-coating moisture-proof hybridization method comprises the following steps:
(1) Planning the combination of the hybrid parents: selecting Malaysia pineapple with more distant affinity and more prominent target characters as parents to perform hybridization. The malaysia ripe fruits have strong fragrance and high sweetness, but the fruits are small and the yield is low; watermelon and pineapple have less fiber, the fruit has high yield, but the fruit has light fragrance and moderate sweetness.
Parent florescence is met by planning planting time in advance and manually forcing flowers to regulate and control. The parent is planted in autumn, the size of the seedling is 30-40cm, the ridge forming height is 20cm, and the width of the ridge surface is 1.2m; the row spacing of the plants is 40cm multiplied by 50cm, and the operation row width is 1.2m. 3-5 days before flower forcing, no rain, selecting 5-00: 00, avoiding high-temperature operation in the noon, and filling core with 800 times of ethephon for flower forcing twice; every 5-7 days.
(2) Collecting pollen by using damp-proof water: during the development of hybrid pollination, a non-woven fabric film is selected to cover a male parent plant before sunset every day, a stick support is fixed with a tether (as shown in figure 1), meanwhile, the non-woven fabric film is removed early morning, 7;
(3) And (3) preventing wet pollination hybridization: before sunset every day, a non-woven fabric film is selected to cover the female parent plant, a wooden stick support is fixed with a tying rope, meanwhile, the non-woven fabric film is firstly unbundled every morning, and then the cross pollination operation is carried out in the morning from 8 to 10:
a. when pollinating, one end of the cotton head of the cotton swab is extended into a centrifugal tube for collecting pollen, so that the cotton head villus fully adsorbs the pollen (as shown in figure 4), then the cotton head adsorbing the pollen is fully contacted with the stigma in the blooming flower of the female parent plant, the pollination and insemination of the female parent pistil are ensured, and finally the hybridization time of the male parent and the pollination is marked;
b. maternal flower with stamens over pistils (as shown in fig. 6): holding the mouth of a centrifugal tube with a cover close to a female parent plant to bloom flowers, then holding tweezers by hand to lightly clamp the anther which surrounds and completely covers the pistil stigma into the centrifugal tube for later use, removing the anther to ensure that the pistil stigma of the female parent is easy to pollinate and hybridize, then extending one end of a cotton head of a cotton swab into the centrifugal tube for marking pollen of the male parent (as shown in figure 3), enabling the fluff of the cotton head to fully adsorb pollen, fully contacting the cotton head for adsorbing the pollen with the stigma for emasculating the flowers so as to ensure pollination and insemination of the pistil of the female parent, and finally marking the time for indicating the hybridization of the female parent and the pollination;
(4) And (3) management after pollination: spraying carbendazim or thiophanate methyl 500-800 times of the solution for 1-2 times after flower withering to prevent fruit diseases from endangering the healthy development of seeds in fruit eye chambers, bagging fruits in time in the fruit expansion period to prevent high-temperature burn, and preventing insects and animals from gnawing and damaging the fruits when the fruits are close to mature;
(5) Seed harvesting: when the fruit skin turns yellow by 1/2 after pollination and hybridization for 3-4 months, the fruit can be harvested, the seeds of the harvested fruit can be directly harvested according to the maturity, and the seeds can be harvested after the mature fruit skin turns yellow completely after storage. Peeling the pineapple by a peeling knife or a bent knife, digging and picking seeds from the fruit mesh chamber by using a 304-integrated dual-purpose fork spoon, and finally cleaning the seeds for later use.
The non-woven fabric film adopted in the implementation is a white agricultural non-woven fabric film with the density of 60 g, air permeability, water resistance and light weight. The size of the centrifugal tube with the cover is 5 ml. The cotton swab is a nano cotton swab, the size of the body-shaped match stalk is about 9cm long, and the small cotton head has strong flocking fine hair adsorption capacity.
Example 2
A pineapple film-coating moisture-proof hybridization method comprises the following steps:
(1) Planning the combination of the hybrid parents: and selecting winter honey pineapple with far-distant affinity and more prominent target character and hand-torn pineapple as parents to perform hybridization. The winter honey leaves have no thorns, the fruit fiber is less, the winter honey leaves are fine and smooth, the fruit quality is good in winter, but the fruit flesh is easy to be water-soaked in the mature period; the hand-torn pineapple is easy to peel and has good taste, the fruit shows high resistance to flesh water stain, but the leaves are thorny, and the fruit is sour in winter.
Parent florescence is met by planning planting time in advance and manually forcing flowers to regulate and control. The parent is planted in autumn, the size of the seedling is 30-40cm, the ridge forming height is 20cm, and the width of the ridge surface is 1.2m; the row spacing of the plants is 40cm multiplied by 50cm, and the width of the operation row is 1.2m. 3-5 days before flower forcing, selecting 1.5% -2.5% calcium carbide solution to flower forcing for 2 times, wherein the calcium carbide solution is carried out at intervals of 1 day every time, and is carried out at night in sunny days, and the temperature is reduced to below 25 ℃; then adding ethephon 800-1000 times of liquid to fill the core for 1 time; selecting 5-9 a.m. during the day: 00 is carried out.
(2) Collecting pollen by using damp-proof water: during development of hybrid pollination, a non-woven fabric film is selected to cover a male parent plant before sunset every day, a stick support is fixed with a tether, the non-woven fabric film is removed every morning, 7-9;
(3) And (3) preventing wet pollination hybridization: before sunset every day, a non-woven fabric film is selected to cover the female parent plant, a wooden stick support is fixed with a tying rope, meanwhile, the non-woven fabric film is firstly unbundled every morning, and then the cross pollination operation is carried out in the morning from 8 to 10:
a. when pollination is carried out, one end of a cotton head of a cotton swab is extended into a centrifugal tube for collecting pollen, so that cotton head fluff fully adsorbs the pollen, the cotton head adsorbing the pollen is fully contacted with a stigma in a blooming flower of a female parent plant, pollination insemination of the female parent pistil is ensured, and finally, a mark indicates the hybridization time of a male parent and a female parent;
b. female parent flowers with stamens over pistils: holding the mouth of a centrifugal tube with a cover close to a female parent plant to bloom flowers, then holding a pair of tweezers to gently clamp the anther which surrounds and completely covers the gynoecium into the centrifugal tube for later use, removing the anther to enable the gynoecium stigmas of the female parent to be easy to pollinate and hybridize, then extending one end of a cotton head of a cotton swab into the centrifugal tube for marking pollen of the male parent, enabling cotton head villus to fully adsorb the pollen, fully contacting the cotton head for adsorbing the pollen with stigmas of the castrated flowers to ensure the gynoecium pollination and insemination of the female parent, and finally marking the time for indicating the hybridization between the male parent and the pollination;
(4) And (3) management after pollination: spraying carbendazim or thiophanate methyl 500-800 times of the solution for 1-2 times after flower withering to prevent fruit diseases from endangering the healthy development of seeds in fruit eye chambers, bagging fruits in time in the fruit expansion period to prevent high-temperature burn, and preventing insects and animals from gnawing and damaging the fruits when the fruits are close to mature;
(5) Seed harvesting: when the fruit skin turns yellow by 1/2 after pollination and hybridization for 3-4 months, the fruit can be harvested, the seeds of the harvested fruit can be directly harvested according to the maturity, and the seeds can be harvested after the mature fruit skin turns yellow completely after storage. Peeling the pineapple by a peeling knife or a bent knife, digging and picking seeds from the fruit mesh chamber by using a 304-integrated dual-purpose fork spoon, and finally cleaning the seeds for later use.
The non-woven fabric film adopted in the implementation is a white agricultural non-woven fabric film with the density of 60 g, air permeability, water resistance and light weight. The size of the centrifugal tube with the cover is 5 ml. The cotton swab is a nano cotton swab, the size of the body-shaped match stalk is about 9cm long, and the small cotton head has strong flocking fine hair adsorption capacity.
Example 3
A pineapple film-coating moisture-proof hybridization method comprises the following steps:
(1) Planning the combination of the hybrid parents: and (3) selecting the hand-torn pineapples with more distant relativity and more prominent target characters to be hybridized with the watermelon pineapples. The hand-torn pineapple is easy to peel and has good taste, the fruit has high resistance to pulp water stain, but the leaves have more thorns, and the weight of a single fruit is low; the watermelon and pineapple leaves have no thorns, the weight of a single fruit is high, but the sweetness of the fruit is moderate, the flavor is not good, and the fruit is easy to be soaked in pulp water in the mature period.
The florescence of the parents are met by planning the planting time in advance and regulating and controlling artificial flower forcing. The parent is planted in autumn, the size of the seedling is 30-40cm, the height of the ridge is 20cm, and the width of the ridge surface is 1.2m; the row spacing of the plants is 40cm multiplied by 50cm, and the operation row width is 1.2m. 3-5 days before flower forcing, selecting 18-00 days in the evening of sunny days, and filling core with ethephon 1000 times liquid for flower forcing twice; every 5-7 days.
(2) Collecting pollen by using damp-proof water: during development of hybrid pollination, a non-woven fabric film is selected to cover a male parent plant before sunset every day, a stick support is fixed with a tether, the non-woven fabric film is removed early every morning, 7-9;
(3) And (3) preventing wet pollination hybridization: before sunset every day, a non-woven fabric film is selected to cover the female parent plant, a wooden stick support is fixed with a tying rope, the non-woven fabric film is removed every morning, and then the hybrid pollination operation is carried out in the morning under the conditions of:
a. when pollination is carried out, one end of a cotton head of a cotton swab is extended into a centrifugal tube for collecting pollen, so that cotton head fluff fully adsorbs the pollen, the cotton head adsorbing the pollen is fully contacted with a stigma in a blooming flower of a female parent plant, pollination insemination of the female parent pistil is ensured, and finally, a mark indicates the hybridization time of a male parent and a female parent;
b. female parent flowers with stamens over pistils: holding the mouth of a centrifugal tube with a cover close to a female parent plant to bloom flowers, then holding tweezers by hand to lightly clamp the anther which surrounds and completely covers the pistil stigma into the centrifugal tube for later use, removing the anther to ensure that the pistil stigma of the female parent is easy to pollinate and hybridize, then extending one end of a cotton head of a cotton swab into the centrifugal tube for marking pollen of the male parent, enabling cotton head villi to fully adsorb pollen, then fully contacting the cotton head for adsorbing the pollen with the stigma for emasculating flowers to ensure that the pistil of the female parent pollinates and inseminates, and finally marking the time for indicating the hybridization of the male parent and the female parent and pollination;
(4) And (3) management after pollination: spraying carbendazim or thiophanate methyl 500-800 times of the solution for 1-2 times after flower withering to prevent fruit diseases from endangering the healthy development of seeds in fruit eye chambers, bagging fruits in time in the fruit expansion period to prevent high-temperature burn, and preventing insects and animals from gnawing and damaging the fruits when the fruits are close to mature;
(5) Seed harvesting: when the fruit skin turns yellow by 1/2 after pollination and hybridization for 3-4 months, the fruit can be harvested, the seeds of the harvested fruit can be directly harvested according to the maturity, and the seeds can be harvested after the mature fruit skin turns yellow completely after storage. Peeling the pineapple with a peeling knife or a bent knife, digging and picking seeds from the fruit mesh chamber with a 304-integrated dual-purpose fork spoon, and finally cleaning the seeds for later use.
The non-woven fabric film adopted in the implementation is a white agricultural non-woven fabric film with the density of 60 g, air permeability, water resistance and light weight. The size of the centrifugal tube with the cover is 5 ml. The cotton swab is a nano cotton swab, the size of the body-shaped match stalk is about 9cm long, and the small cotton head has strong flocking fine hair adsorption capacity.
Example 4
A pineapple film-coating moisture-proof water hybridization method comprises the following steps:
(1) Planning the combination of the hybrid parents: selecting Malaysia pineapple with more distant affinity and more prominent target characters as parents to be hybridized with winter honey pineapple. The malaysia ripe fruits have strong fragrance and high sweetness, but the fruits are small and the yield is low; the winter honey has no thorns on leaves, less fruit fiber, fineness and good fruit quality in winter, but the fruit is easy to be soaked in water during the mature period.
The florescence of the parents are met by planning the planting time in advance and regulating and controlling artificial flower forcing. The parent is planted in autumn, the size of the seedling is 30-40cm, the height of the ridge is 20cm, and the width of the ridge surface is 1.2m; the row spacing of the plants is 40cm multiplied by 50cm, and the operation row width is 1.2m. 3-5 days before flower forcing, selecting 1.5% -2.5% calcium carbide solution to flower for 4 times, wherein the calcium carbide solution is carried out at intervals of 1 day every time, and is carried out at night in sunny days, and the temperature is reduced to below 25 ℃.
(2) Collecting pollen by using damp-proof water: during development of hybrid pollination, a non-woven fabric film is selected to cover a male parent plant before sunset every day, a stick support is fixed with a tether, the non-woven fabric film is removed early every morning, 7-9;
(3) And (3) preventing wet pollination hybridization: before sunset every day, a non-woven fabric film is selected to cover the female parent plant, a wooden stick support is fixed with a tying rope, meanwhile, the non-woven fabric film is firstly unbundled every morning, and then the cross pollination operation is carried out in the morning from 8 to 10:
a. when pollination is carried out, one end of a cotton head of a cotton swab is extended into a centrifugal tube for collecting pollen, so that cotton head fluff fully adsorbs the pollen, the cotton head adsorbing the pollen is fully contacted with a stigma in a blooming flower of a female parent plant, pollination insemination of the female parent pistil is ensured, and finally, a mark indicates the hybridization time of a male parent and a female parent;
b. female parent flowers with stamens over pistils: holding the mouth of a centrifugal tube with a cover close to a female parent plant to bloom flowers, then holding tweezers by hand to lightly clamp the anther which surrounds and completely covers the pistil stigma into the centrifugal tube for later use, removing the anther to ensure that the pistil stigma of the female parent is easy to pollinate and hybridize, then extending one end of a cotton head of a cotton swab into the centrifugal tube for marking pollen of the male parent, enabling cotton head villi to fully adsorb pollen, then fully contacting the cotton head for adsorbing the pollen with the stigma for emasculating flowers to ensure that the pistil of the female parent pollinates and inseminates, and finally marking the time for indicating the hybridization of the male parent and the female parent and pollination;
(4) And (3) management after pollination: spraying 500-800 times of carbendazim or thiophanate methyl solution for 1-2 times after blossom withering to prevent fruit diseases from endangering the healthy development of seeds in fruit eye chambers, bagging in time to prevent high-temperature burn during fruit expanding period, and preventing insects and animals from gnawing and damaging when fruits are ripe;
(5) Seed harvesting: when the fruit skin turns yellow by 1/2 after pollination and hybridization for 3-4 months, the fruit can be harvested, the seeds of the harvested fruit can be directly harvested according to the maturity, and the seeds can be harvested after the mature fruit skin turns yellow completely after storage. Peeling the pineapple by a peeling knife or a bent knife, digging and picking seeds from the fruit mesh chamber by using a 304-integrated dual-purpose fork spoon, and finally cleaning the seeds for later use.
The non-woven fabric film adopted in the implementation is a white agricultural non-woven fabric film with the density of 60 g, air permeability, water resistance and light weight. The size of the centrifugal tube with the cover is 5 ml. The cotton swab is a nano cotton swab, has the size of the match stalk and the length of about 9cm, and has strong flocking fine hair adsorption capacity.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 only in that: the male parent and the female parent are not covered by films before sundown, dew is normally received as is, the pineapple plants in the morning are shown in figure 7, water drops are stained on leaves and flowers, and moisture is heavy.
The experimental data for examples 1-4 of the present invention and comparative example 1 are reported in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 pineapple plant hybridization conditions Table
From the above table 1, it can be seen that the coating film prevents moisture, so that the adhesion of pollen can be effectively reduced, the pollen activity can be improved, and the success rate of hybrid pollination can be improved, so that the final fruit seed setting rate is improved by 32% -52% compared with that of the comparative example 1.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A pineapple film-coating moisture-proof hybridization method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Planning the combination of the hybrid parents: selecting a variety with relatively long affinity and relatively outstanding target characters as parents to carry out hybridization, and meeting the florescence of the parents by planning planting time in advance and manually forcing flowers to regulate and control;
(2) Collecting pollen by using damp-proof water: during development of hybrid pollination, a non-woven fabric film is selected to cover a male parent plant before sunset every day, a stick support is fixed with a tether, the non-woven fabric film is removed early every morning, 7-9;
(3) And (3) preventing wet pollination hybridization: before sunset every day, a non-woven fabric film is selected to cover the female parent plant, a wooden stick support is fixed with a tying rope, meanwhile, the non-woven fabric film is firstly unbundled every morning, and then the cross pollination operation is carried out in the morning from 8 to 10:
a. when pollination is carried out, one end of a cotton head of a cotton swab is extended into a centrifugal tube for collecting pollen, so that cotton head fluff fully adsorbs the pollen, the cotton head adsorbing the pollen is fully contacted with a stigma in a blooming flower of a female parent plant, pollination insemination of the female parent pistil is ensured, and finally, a mark indicates the hybridization time of a male parent and a female parent;
b. female parent flowers with stamens over pistils: holding the mouth of a centrifugal tube with a cover close to a female parent plant to bloom flowers, then holding tweezers by hand to lightly clamp the anther which surrounds and completely covers the pistil stigma into the centrifugal tube for later use, removing the anther to ensure that the pistil stigma of the female parent is easy to pollinate and hybridize, then extending one end of a cotton head of a cotton swab into the centrifugal tube for marking pollen of the male parent, enabling cotton head villi to fully adsorb pollen, then fully contacting the cotton head for adsorbing the pollen with the stigma for emasculating flowers to ensure that the pistil of the female parent pollinates and inseminates, and finally marking the time for indicating the hybridization of the male parent and the female parent and pollination;
(4) And (3) management after pollination: spraying carbendazim or thiophanate methyl 1-2 times after blossom withering to prevent fruit diseases from endangering the healthy development of seeds in fruit eye chambers, bagging in time at fruit expansion period to prevent high-temperature burn, and preventing insects and animals from gnawing and injuring near fruit maturity;
(5) Seed harvesting: when the fruit skin turns yellow by 1/2 after pollination and hybridization for 3-4 months, the fruit can be harvested, the seeds of the harvested fruit can be directly harvested according to the maturity, and the seeds can be harvested after the mature fruit skin turns yellow completely after storage.
2. The pineapple film-coating moisture-proof hybridization method according to claim 1, wherein the method for regulating and controlling artificial flower forcing selects ethephon 800-1000 times liquid for flower forcing varieties to force flower twice; selecting 1.5-2.5% calcium carbide solution for flower forcing variety for 2-4 times or 1.5-2.5% calcium carbide solution for flower forcing for 2 times, adding ethephon 800-1000 times of solution, and filling core for 1 time; the flower forcing of the calcium carbide solution is carried out at night in sunny days; ethephon She Cuihua selects 5-9: 00 or evening 18:00 thereafter.
3. The pineapple film moisture-proof hybridization method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the non-woven fabric film is a breathable, waterproof and light white agricultural non-woven fabric film with a density of 60 g.
4. The pineapple film-coating moisture-proof hybridization method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the size of the centrifugal tube with the cover is 5 ml.
5. The pineapple film-coating moisture-proof hybridization method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cotton swab is a nano cotton swab, the size of the body-shaped matchstick is about 9cm, and the small cotton head has strong flocking fine hair adsorption force.
6. The pineapple film moisture-proof hybridization method according to claim 1, wherein: the carbendazim or thiophanate methyl is sprayed by 500-800 times of liquid.
7. The method for coating pineapple with a film and preventing hybridization in humid water according to claim 1, wherein during seed picking, peeling is carried out by a pineapple peeling knife or a curved knife, then seeds are picked from a fruit mesh chamber by a 304-in-one dual-purpose fork spoon, and finally the seeds are cleaned for later use.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the combination of hybrid parents is Malaysia pineapple x watermelon pineapple pollination, winter honey pineapple x hand torn pineapple, hand torn pineapple x watermelon pineapple, malaysia pineapple x winter honey pineapple.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116530261A (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-08-04 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Breeding method for comprehensively preventing and controlling pineapple hybrid seedling disease |
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| CN101861828A (en) * | 2010-05-05 | 2010-10-20 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Pineapple hybridization method |
| CN103814813A (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2014-05-28 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Artificial cross breeding method for jackfruit |
| CN106472279A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-03-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of Fructus Ananadis comosi ciltivating process viewed and admired and eat |
| CN114391472A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-04-26 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Method for improving hybrid seed setting rate of pineapples |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101861828A (en) * | 2010-05-05 | 2010-10-20 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Pineapple hybridization method |
| CN103814813A (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2014-05-28 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Artificial cross breeding method for jackfruit |
| CN106472279A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-03-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of Fructus Ananadis comosi ciltivating process viewed and admired and eat |
| CN114391472A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-04-26 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Method for improving hybrid seed setting rate of pineapples |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116530261A (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-08-04 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Breeding method for comprehensively preventing and controlling pineapple hybrid seedling disease |
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