CN111296284A - Efficient walnut crossbreeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of forest hybridization breeding, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency walnut hybridization breeding method, wherein 3-5 days before male flowers and female flowers are pollen-dispersed, male flowers of male parents and female flowers of female parents and young fruits are respectively sleeved with transparent paper bags; filling the joint of the bag opening and the branch with cotton, and then tying the bag opening with a wire; untie the small bag when the male flower blooms pollen, collect the anther without cracking with tweezers, put into the culture dish, hang 100W bulb above the culture dish 50cm and irradiate for 2 hours, get pollen; 2-3 days after pistils bloom, cutting a small opening at the upper end of the transparent paper bag, and spraying the obtained pollen on a pistil stigma by using a pollinator; sealing the cut opening of the bag by using a paper clip after pollination is finished; pollination for the second time every other day; removing the paper bags after pollination for five days, and cultivating into seedlings; collecting the hybridized fruit after the hybridized fruit is ripe. The pollination preservation rate of the invention can reach more than 95%, and the yield of good walnut varieties is greatly improved.

Description

Efficient walnut crossbreeding method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of forest crossbreeding, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency crossbreeding method for walnuts.

Background

At present, walnut is a dry fruit with rich nutrition and higher economic value, walnut kernel has the efficacies of hematopoiesis, qi invigorating, intestine smoothing, lung moistening, cough relieving, phlegm reducing, hair blacking, intelligence improving and the like, contains more than twenty kinds of amino acids necessary for human body, is beneficial to human health, and is widely applied to the field of health care food therapy. The walnut trees are economic forest and timber forest, and the walnut trees are hard and smooth and can be made into high-grade wooden furniture. However, the initial bearing period of the walnut varieties is long, generally 6 to 8 years, and the yield is low, so that the large-area cultivation and planting of the walnuts is seriously hindered, and a crossbreeding technology for obtaining new walnut varieties is not reported.

In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: the existing walnut varieties have long primary fruiting period, low yield and poor economic benefit.

The difficulty of solving the technical problems is as follows: the walnut varieties used in the current cultivation have long initial bearing period and low yield, which seriously hinders large-area cultivation and planting of walnuts and urgently needs to cultivate new walnut varieties.

The significance of solving the technical problems is as follows: the novel walnut variety is cultivated, so that the walnut is early-bearing and high-yield, the growth vigor and the productivity of the walnut are enhanced, the yield per unit area is increased, and the method has important significance for improving economic benefits and promoting the development of the walnut industry.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a high-efficiency walnut crossbreeding method.

The invention is realized in such a way, and the efficient walnut crossbreeding method comprises the following steps:

step one, the selective matching of hybridization combination parents: parent parents with similar characters are selected according to breeding improvement targets of fast growing, drought resistance, high quality, drought resistance and cold resistance.

Step two, respectively sheathing the male flowers of the male parent and the female flowers of the female parent and young fruits by transparent paper bags 3-5 days before the male flowers and the female flowers are pollen-dispersed; the joint of the bag mouth and the branch is filled with cotton, and the bag mouth is tied by a thread.

And step three, untie the small bag when the male flowers bloom pollen, collect the anther without cracking by using tweezers, place the anther in a culture dish, hang a 100W electric bulb above the culture dish by 50cm, and irradiate for 2 hours to obtain the pollen.

And step four, cutting a small opening at the upper end of the transparent paper bag 2-3 days after the pistils bloom, and spraying the pollen obtained in the step three onto the stigma of the pistils by using a pollinator.

Step five, sealing the cut bag opening by using a clip after pollination is finished; pollination for the second time every other day; removing the paper bags after pollination for five days, and cultivating into seedlings; collecting the hybrid fruits after the hybrid fruits develop and mature.

And step six, selecting the fruits with excellent quality as the preferred fruits, taking out the seeds, directly sowing and raising seedlings after the seeds are subjected to cold storage and dormancy breaking treatment, and culturing the progeny plants.

Further, in the first step, the selected female parent meets the breeding target, and the fruit bearing amount is large; the male parent has the character that the female parent needs to be improved, the pollen activity is high, and the hybridization affinity with the female parent is high.

Further, in the step one, the male parent is Xinjiang high yield, and the female parent is cotton walnut.

Further, after the step one, female parent dwarfing pruning is carried out, and the method comprises the following steps:

dwarfing and pruning a pollination target female parent tree in 1 month every year, carrying out trunk cutting or branch cutting at a position 100-120 cm away from the ground, and smearing paint on a cut after the trunk cutting.

Further, in the second step, before the male flowers and the female flowers are pollen-scattered, thinning is carried out in the full-bloom stage of the walnut to remove opened single flowers and inconsistent flower buds, 10-15 flower buds in a consistent state are reserved in each inflorescence, and tender tips of branches are removed.

Further, in the second step, the transparent paper bag is 45cm long and 25cm wide.

Further, in the second step, the pollen collection time is 9 a.m. in clear weather: 00-11: 00.

further, in the third step, the collected pollen is added with the color-changing cassia gum to keep dry, and is stored at low temperature of minus 20 ℃.

Further, in the fourth step, the pollination time is 8 in sunny weather: 00-10: 00.

further, in the sixth step, the method for managing the development of the hybrid fruit comprises the following steps:

the fertilized flower bract gradually falls off, the stigma gradually withers, the ovary rapidly increases, and if the stigma which is still fresh 2-3 days after pollination needs to be pollinated additionally; keeping the room temperature at 18-27 ℃ in the fruit development period, ventilating indoors, changing water, and preventing plant diseases and insect pests; if the fruit drop phenomenon exists, part of the fruit sequences are removed.

In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are: the efficient walnut crossbreeding method provided by the invention has the advantages that male anthers are collected, pollen is obtained through light irradiation, pollution of the male anthers can be reduced, and the obtained hybrid seeds have better fruit properties; the effect of increasing the production and the high yield can be realized by using Xinjiang high yield as the male parent and cotton walnut as the female parent; the cotton is filled at the joint of the bag opening of the transparent paper bag and the branch, and the bag opening is tied by using a thread, so that other pollen or impurities in the air can be prevented from entering the bag, and the hybridization effect is better ensured.

The pollination can be completed by only carrying out the bag sleeving and bag releasing work once in the whole pollination process, so that the artificial branch damage is greatly reduced, the labor intensity is reduced, and the efficiency of artificial hybrid pollination and the preservation rate after pollination are improved.

The efficient walnut crossbreeding method provided by the invention is simple in process, convenient and fast to operate and high in crossbreeding pollination efficiency, and multiple experiments show that the pollination preservation rate of the efficient walnut crossbreeding method can reach more than 95%, the yield of excellent walnut varieties is greatly improved, and the requirements of practical application are met. Therefore, the invention has wide application prospect and is very suitable for large-scale popularization and application in the aspect of walnut artificial hybrid pollination.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a walnut efficient cross breeding method provided by the embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pollen-newly-opened male flower according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid fruit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an excellent fruit seedling provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the excellent fruit flowering provided by the embodiments of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The following detailed description of the principles of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the efficient walnut crossbreeding method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

s101, matching of hybridization combination parents: parent parents with similar characters are selected according to breeding improvement targets of fast growing, drought resistance, high quality, drought resistance and cold resistance.

S102, respectively sheathing the male flowers of the male parent and the female flowers of the female parent and young fruits by using transparent paper bags 3-5 days before the male flowers and the female flowers are pollen scattered; the joint of the bag mouth and the branch is filled with cotton, and the bag mouth is tied by a thread.

S103, when the male flowers spit pollen, the small bag is untied, the anthers which are not cracked are collected by using tweezers, the anthers are placed in a culture dish, and a 100W electric bulb is hung above the culture dish and is irradiated for 2 hours, so that pollen is obtained. The male flower just released pollen is shown in FIG. 2.

And S104, cutting a small opening at the upper end of the transparent paper bag 2-3 days after the pistils bloom, and spraying the pollen obtained in the S103 onto the stigma of the pistils by using a pollinator.

S105, sealing the cut bag opening by using a clip after pollination is finished; pollination for the second time every other day; removing the paper bags after pollination for five days, and cultivating into seedlings; collecting the hybrid fruits after the hybrid fruits develop and mature. The hybrid fruit is shown in FIG. 3.

S106, selecting the fruits with excellent quality as the preferred fruits, taking out the seeds, directly sowing and raising seedlings after the seeds are subjected to cold storage and dormancy breaking treatment, and culturing the progeny plants. Good fruit seedlings are shown in FIG. 4 and flowering is shown in FIG. 5.

In step S101 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the selected female parent meets the breeding goal, and the fruiting amount is large; the male parent has the character that the female parent needs to be improved, the pollen activity is high, and the hybridization affinity with the female parent is high.

In step S101 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the male parent is Xinjiang high yield, and the female parent is cotton walnut.

After the step S101 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, female parent dwarfing and pruning are also required to be performed, including: dwarfing and pruning a pollination target female parent tree in 1 month every year, carrying out trunk cutting or branch cutting at a position 100-120 cm away from the ground, and smearing paint on a cut after the trunk cutting.

In step S102 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, before the male flowers and the female flowers loose their pollen, thinning the flowers in the full-bloom stage of the walnut to remove the opened single flowers and inconsistent flower buds, wherein 10-15 flower buds in a consistent state are retained in each inflorescence, and picking off the tender tips of the branches.

In step S102 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the transparent paper bag has a length of 45cm and a width of 25 cm.

In step S102 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the pollen collection time is 9 am in clear weather: 00-11: 00.

in step S103 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the color-changing cassia gum is added into the collected pollen to keep dry, and the pollen is stored at low temperature of minus 20 ℃.

In step S104 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the pollination time is 8 in sunny weather: 00-10: 00.

in step S106 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the method for managing the development of hybrid fruits is as follows: the fertilized flower bract gradually falls off, the stigma gradually withers, the ovary rapidly increases, and if the stigma which is still fresh 2-3 days after pollination needs to be pollinated additionally; keeping the room temperature at 18-27 ℃ in the fruit development period, ventilating indoors, changing water, and preventing plant diseases and insect pests; if the fruit drop phenomenon exists, part of the fruit sequences are removed.

The effect of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.

Example (b): selection of male parent and female parent of hybrid walnut

The walnut provided by the embodiment of the invention is a hermaphrodite isoflory, and a person with large distance between male parent and female parent fields and large difference in defects is selected for hybridization. The superiority of the hybrid walnut is shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 attached table of superiority expression of hybrid walnut

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The efficient walnut crossbreeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, the selective matching of hybridization combination parents: selecting parent and parent parents with similar characters according to breeding improvement targets of fast growing, drought resistance, high quality, drought resistance and cold resistance;

step two, respectively sheathing the male flowers of the male parent and the female flowers of the female parent and young fruits by transparent paper bags 3-5 days before the male flowers and the female flowers are pollen-dispersed; filling the joint of the bag opening and the branch with cotton, and then tying the bag opening with a wire;

step three, untie the small bag when the male flower spits pollen, collect the anther without cracking with tweezers, put into the culture dish, hang 100W bulb above the culture dish 50cm and irradiate for 2 hours, get pollen;

step four, cutting a small opening at the upper end of the transparent paper bag 2-3 days after pistils bloom, and spraying the pollen obtained in the step three onto the stigma of the pistils by using a pollinator;

step five, sealing the cut bag opening by using a clip after pollination is finished; pollination for the second time every other day; removing the paper bags after pollination for five days, and cultivating into seedlings; collecting the hybrid fruits after the hybrid fruits develop and mature;

and step six, selecting the fruits with excellent quality as the preferred fruits, taking out the seeds, directly sowing and raising seedlings after the seeds are subjected to cold storage and dormancy breaking treatment, and culturing the progeny plants.

2. The efficient walnut crossbreeding method according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the selected female parent meets the breeding target and has a large fruit bearing amount; the male parent has the character that the female parent needs to be improved, the pollen activity is high, and the hybridization affinity with the female parent is high.

3. The efficient crossbreeding method of walnut seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step one, the male parent is Xinjiang high yield and the female parent is cotton walnut.

4. The efficient walnut crossbreeding method of claim 1, wherein after the first step, female parent dwarfing and pruning are carried out, and the method comprises the following steps:

dwarfing and pruning a pollination target female parent tree in 1 month every year, carrying out trunk cutting or branch cutting at a position 100-120 cm away from the ground, and smearing paint on a cut after the trunk cutting.

5. The efficient walnut crossbreeding method according to claim 1, wherein in step two, before the male flowers and the female flowers are pollen-scattered, thinning is carried out in the full-bloom stage of the walnut to remove opened single flowers and inconsistent flower buds, 10-15 flower buds in a consistent state are reserved in each inflorescence, and tender branches are removed.

6. The efficient walnut crossbreeding method according to claim 1, wherein in step two, the specifications of the transparent paper bags are 45cm in length and 25cm in width.

7. The efficient walnut crossbreeding method according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the pollen is collected at a time of 9 a.m. in sunny weather: 00-11: 00.

8. the efficient walnut crossbreeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the color-changing cassia gum is added into the collected pollen to keep the pollen dry, and the pollen is stored at low temperature of-20 ℃.

9. The efficient walnut crossbreeding method of claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the pollination time is 8: 00-10: 00.

10. the efficient walnut crossbreeding method according to claim 1, wherein in step six, the method for managing the development of the hybrid fruits comprises the following steps:

the fertilized flower bract gradually falls off, the stigma gradually withers, the ovary rapidly increases, and if the stigma which is still fresh 2-3 days after pollination needs to be pollinated additionally; keeping the room temperature at 18-27 ℃ in the fruit development period, ventilating indoors, changing water, and preventing plant diseases and insect pests; if the fruit drop phenomenon exists, part of the fruit sequences are removed.

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