CN102440136A - Hybrid pansy seed production method - Google Patents
Hybrid pansy seed production method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102440136A CN102440136A CN2011103669466A CN201110366946A CN102440136A CN 102440136 A CN102440136 A CN 102440136A CN 2011103669466 A CN2011103669466 A CN 2011103669466A CN 201110366946 A CN201110366946 A CN 201110366946A CN 102440136 A CN102440136 A CN 102440136A
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Abstract
A hybrid pansy seed production method is carried out by the steps of seeding, seedling growing, field planting, field management, pollination, picking, post-picking processing and the like. Compared with the prior art, the hybrid pansy seed production method has the advantages of high seed yield, good seed quality, virus infection resistance and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of producing method for seed, especially a kind of pansy cross-breeding method.
Background technology
Pansy is the herbaceos perennial of Violaceae Viola, originates in West Europe, at present as worldwide extensively cultivation of ornamental plants.Though worldwide introduce a fine variety extensive cultivation as ornamental plants by manual work before the Caryophyllales, cultivated a large amount of cultivated speciess, be used for the China pink of large-scale production at present, basically all adopt seed propagation, also can be through plant division and cottage propagation.Existing method breeding seed is difficulty very, and easily infected virus influences the florescence again.In addition, for some flowers breeding enterprises, existing seed propagation method output is limited, and operation falls behind, and can't meet the need of market.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of not only hybrid seed yield high, seed quality is good, and it is high to be difficult for virus infections and production efficiency, and cost is low, the pansy cross-breeding method of meeting the need of market.
The present invention realizes through following scheme:
1, sows and grow seedlings
Choose the male parent and the maternal seed of different patterns and size, seed is directly sowed in the dish of cave, the sowing time is before and after annual September 1; " Fa Fade " board seedling medium that sowing media selects Canada to produce; After emerging 15 days, working concentration is the 20-10-20 fertilizer spray of 50mg/L, and later stage spray concentration is the fertilizer of the 20-10-20 of 100~150mg/L; Once in a week, nursery stage is 30~40 days.
2, field planting
Above-mentioned maternal seedling and male parent seedling are being done the high plot of land film in big ridge in October 1 to field planting on October 15 respectively covering in the protection ground that divides into two irrigate bands (connect a big greenhouse, booth all can).Wherein the maternal interior punching two of furrow of field planting is gone, and line space is 40 centimetres in the furrow, and line-spacing is 80 centimetres between furrow, 30 centimetres of pitch-rows, maternal field planting 3700 strain ∕ mus.Punching triplex row in the furrow of field planting male parent, line space is 20 centimetres in the furrow, and line-spacing is 80 centimetres between furrow, 20 centimetres of pitch-rows, male parent field planting 8325 strain ∕ mus.
3, field management
(1) temperature
After the field planting temperature of plant strain growth in time propelling and change; Temperature reduces gradually after October, and is minimum for dropping to January in next year, and protection ground increases two membranes; Temperature improves again gradually afterwards; Reach the temperature that is suitable for blooming March gradually, day temperature remains on 20~28 ℃, and nocturnal temperature remains on 5~15 ℃.
(2) moisture
After field planting finishes, should water permeablely immediately, will water once antifreeze water before the freezed in winter; Avoid cause plant arid dead because of the inconvenience of watering winter, and in time supply water according to the growth of seedling situation, the pollination phase can not lack of water; Pollination generally should reduce water supply after finishing after the last ten-days period in June.
(3) after March in next year, topdress with drip irrigation, the general employing dashed fertilising, and 10~15 days once, each every mu of sealing fertilizer 10-15 kilogram.
(4) plant adjustment
Female parent generally need be pruned according to the growing way of plant; Mainly be major branch pinching, remove plant bottom Lao Ye, sick leaf and too much branches and leaves simultaneously, along with the growth of plant the side shoot of 6 robust growth of selecting and remain gradually; Use its production of hybrid seeds, male parent does not generally need training.
4, pollination
(1) plucks the male parent male flower and collect pollen
Choosing male parent flower in full bloom is plucked, and the pollen maturation of flower in full bloom promptly drops on the fine hair place of following petal, and the direct fine hair place of maximum petal in the bottom refers to cover with the right hand thumb pollen is extruded, and directly is used for pollinating after extruding pollen.For saving pollination time, also can in advance pollen be taken out subsequent use.This method also is that choosing male parent flower in full bloom is plucked, and the maximum petal of the bottom band fine hair of flower is pressed in the edge of spool box, firmly will spend in box and tear, and pollen can fall into box.The pollen of collecting is usefulness at present preferably, as can not use at once, then should the pollen box of having gathered be sealed and put into quicklime and preserve.
(2) female parent is castrated and is made marks
Remove 3 following petals, only stay 2 top petals; Remove simultaneously 2 open and flat sepals again.Castrate every day is time as early as possible to begin to good morning.To note choosing sizeable bud during castration; Preferably select the preceding 2 days big bud of blooming; At this moment maximum petal tip is outstanding in bud, and available left hand thumb and forefinger pinch the holder part gently, and hand thumb and forefinger pinch overhang in the bud; Three petals that it is inner under leave behind, keep outside two petals.Note firmly appropriateness, and reduce infringement as far as possible floral organ.Simultaneously, tear 2 open and flat sepals below the petal, stay 3 sepals, as the mark of allocarpy.
(3) pollination
Can begin pollination after field dew is done morning, the flower that choosing is in full bloom, and two petals that stayed after both having castrated are open fully; Column cap is shinny, removes 2 petals that stay earlier, makes the mark of having hybridized; Get a little pollen with the nail cover of thumb again; Careful delivers to pollen in the hole of secreting the pistil stigma top depression that a large amount of mucus are arranged, as does not have ready-made pollen, also can show enchashment and use.
(4) pollination back plant arrangement
All behind the pollination end-of-job, put in order plant.Promptly remove the still unopened all big small buds of plant, also will remove the unnecessary shoot that 6 side shoots using from the base portion and the production of hybrid seeds bear simultaneously, this should repeatedly carry out during being operated in the production of hybrid seeds, bears fruit in case the shoot and leaf growth of transition influences.
5, gather and adopt post processing
When fruit by sagging be upturned gradually after, capsule begins breach slightly, crust turns white, at this moment seed has become yellowish-brown, can gather.Gather too early, then kernel maturing is poor, and germination rate is low; Gathered evening, then fruit splits, and seed is ejected, and influences output.Seed collection is preferably in morning or carry out the morning, in case owing to air drying in afternoon, the fruit explosion, seed drops to the ground.Seed is ripe in succession, therefore must gather every day.After gathering fruit is dried, do the light stranding in back, seed is separated with fruit fully, clean preservation then.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
1, kind is extensive, hybrid seed yield is high, and seed quality is good;
2, nursery stage time weak point is difficult for virus infections, and the plant growing way is good, and pollination in time;
3, production cost is low, efficient is high, and the product supply is met the need of market.
Description of drawingsThe present invention does not have accompanying drawing.
EmbodimentEmbodiment 1, is that the black core pansy of male parent and safflower is that hybridization of female parent is an example with the black core pansy of pink blossom:
1, sows and grow seedlings
Choose male parent seed of the black core pansy of pink blossom and the maternal seed of the black core pansy of safflower, seed is directly sowed in the dish of cave, the sowing time is before and after annual September 1; " Fa Fade " board seedling medium that sowing media selects Canada to produce; After emerging 15 days, working concentration is the 20-10-20 fertilizer spray of 50mg/L, and later stage spray concentration is the fertilizer of the 20-10-20 of 100~150mg/L; Once in a week, nursery stage is 30~40 days.
2, field planting
Above-mentioned maternal seedling and male parent seedling are being done the high plot of land film in big ridge in October 1 to field planting on October 15 respectively covering in the protection ground that divides into two irrigate bands (connect a big greenhouse, booth all can).Wherein the maternal interior punching two of furrow of field planting is gone, and line space is 40 centimetres in the furrow, and line-spacing is 80 centimetres between furrow, 30 centimetres of pitch-rows, maternal field planting 3700 strain ∕ mus.Punching triplex row in the furrow of field planting male parent, line space is 20 centimetres in the furrow, and line-spacing is 80 centimetres between furrow, 20 centimetres of pitch-rows, male parent field planting 8325 strain ∕ mus.
3, field management
(1) temperature
After the field planting temperature of plant strain growth in time propelling and change; Temperature reduces gradually after October, and is minimum for dropping to January in next year, and protection ground increases two membranes; Temperature improves again gradually afterwards; Reach the temperature that is suitable for blooming March gradually, day temperature remains on 20~28 ℃, and nocturnal temperature remains on 5~15 ℃.
(2) moisture
After field planting finishes, should water permeablely immediately, will water once antifreeze water before the freezed in winter; Avoid cause plant arid dead because of the inconvenience of watering winter, and in time supply water according to the growth of seedling situation, the pollination phase can not lack of water; Pollination generally should reduce water supply after finishing after the last ten-days period in June.
(3) after March in next year, topdress with drip irrigation, the general employing dashed fertilising, and 10~15 days once, each every mu of sealing fertilizer 10-15 kilogram.
(4) plant adjustment
Female parent generally need be pruned according to the growing way of plant; Mainly be major branch pinching, remove plant bottom Lao Ye, sick leaf and too much branches and leaves simultaneously, along with the growth of plant the side shoot of 6 robust growth of selecting and remain gradually; Use its production of hybrid seeds, male parent does not generally need training.
4, pollination
(1) plucks the male parent male flower and collect pollen
Choosing male parent flower in full bloom is plucked, and the pollen maturation of flower in full bloom promptly drops on the fine hair place of following petal, and the direct fine hair place of maximum petal in the bottom refers to cover with the right hand thumb pollen is extruded, and directly is used for pollinating after extruding pollen.For saving pollination time, also can in advance pollen be taken out subsequent use.This method also is that choosing male parent flower in full bloom is plucked, and the maximum petal of the bottom band fine hair of flower is pressed in the edge of spool box, firmly will spend in box and tear, and pollen can fall into box.The pollen of collecting is usefulness at present preferably, as can not use at once, then should the pollen box of having gathered be sealed and put into quicklime and preserve.
(2) female parent is castrated and is made marks
Remove 3 following petals, only stay 2 top petals; Remove simultaneously 2 open and flat sepals again.Castrate every day is time as early as possible to begin to good morning.To note choosing sizeable bud during castration; Preferably select the preceding 2 days big bud of blooming; At this moment maximum petal tip is outstanding in bud, and available left hand thumb and forefinger pinch the holder part gently, and hand thumb and forefinger pinch overhang in the bud; Three petals that it is inner under leave behind, keep outside two petals.Note firmly appropriateness, and reduce infringement as far as possible floral organ.Simultaneously, tear 2 open and flat sepals below the petal, stay 3 sepals, as the mark of allocarpy.
(3) pollination
Can begin pollination after field dew is done morning, the flower that choosing is in full bloom, and two petals that stayed after both having castrated are open fully; Column cap is shinny, removes 2 petals that stay earlier, makes the mark of having hybridized; Get a little pollen with the nail cover of thumb again; Careful delivers to pollen in the hole of secreting the pistil stigma top depression that a large amount of mucus are arranged, as does not have ready-made pollen, also can show enchashment and use.
(4) pollination back plant arrangement
All behind the pollination end-of-job, put in order plant.Promptly remove the still unopened all big small buds of plant, also will remove the unnecessary shoot that 6 side shoots using from the base portion and the production of hybrid seeds bear simultaneously, this should repeatedly carry out during being operated in the production of hybrid seeds, bears fruit in case the shoot and leaf growth of transition influences.
5, gather and adopt post processing
When fruit by sagging be upturned gradually after, capsule begins breach slightly, crust turns white, at this moment seed has become yellowish-brown, can gather.Gather too early, then kernel maturing is poor, and germination rate is low; Gathered evening, then fruit splits, and seed is ejected, and influences output.Seed collection is preferably in morning or carry out the morning, in case owing to air drying in afternoon, the fruit explosion, seed drops to the ground.Seed is ripe in succession, therefore must gather every day.After gathering fruit is dried, do the light stranding in back, seed is separated with fruit fully, clean preservation then.
Embodiment 2, are that male parent and yellow Xiao Hua angle violet are that hybridization of female parent is an example with light yellow black core Xiao Hua angle violet:
Choose the male parent seed of light yellow black core Xiao Hua angle violet and the maternal seed of yellow Xiao Hua angle violet, seed is directly sowed in the dish of cave, the sowing time is before and after annual September 1; " Fa Fade " board seedling medium that sowing media selects Canada to produce; After emerging 15 days, working concentration is the 20-10-20 fertilizer spray of 50mg/L, and later stage spray concentration is the fertilizer of the 20-10-20 of 100~150mg/L; Once in a week, nursery stage is 30~40 days.
2, field planting
Above-mentioned maternal seedling and male parent seedling are being done the high plot of land film in big ridge in October 1 to field planting on October 15 respectively covering in the protection ground that divides into two irrigate bands (connect a big greenhouse, booth all can).Wherein the maternal interior punching two of furrow of field planting is gone, and line space is 40 centimetres in the furrow, and line-spacing is 80 centimetres between furrow, 30 centimetres of pitch-rows, maternal field planting 3700 strain ∕ mus.Punching triplex row in the furrow of field planting male parent, line space is 20 centimetres in the furrow, and line-spacing is 80 centimetres between furrow, 20 centimetres of pitch-rows, male parent field planting 8325 strain ∕ mus.
3, field management
(1) temperature
After the field planting temperature of plant strain growth in time propelling and change; Temperature reduces gradually after October, and is minimum for dropping to January in next year, and protection ground increases two membranes; Temperature improves again gradually afterwards; Reach the temperature that is suitable for blooming March gradually, day temperature remains on 20~28 ℃, and nocturnal temperature remains on 5~15 ℃.
(2) moisture
After field planting finishes, should water permeablely immediately, will water once antifreeze water before the freezed in winter; Avoid cause plant arid dead because of the inconvenience of watering winter, and in time supply water according to the growth of seedling situation, the pollination phase can not lack of water; Pollination generally should reduce water supply after finishing after the last ten-days period in June.
(3) after March in next year, topdress with drip irrigation, the general employing dashed fertilising, and 10~15 days once, each every mu of sealing fertilizer 10-15 kilogram.
(4) plant adjustment
Female parent generally need be pruned according to the growing way of plant; Mainly be major branch pinching, remove plant bottom Lao Ye, sick leaf and too much branches and leaves simultaneously, along with the growth of plant the side shoot of 6 robust growth of selecting and remain gradually; Use its production of hybrid seeds, male parent does not generally need training.
4, pollination
(1) plucks the male parent male flower and collect pollen
Choosing male parent flower in full bloom is plucked, and the pollen maturation of flower in full bloom promptly drops on the fine hair place of following petal, and the direct fine hair place of maximum petal in the bottom refers to cover with the right hand thumb pollen is extruded, and directly is used for pollinating after extruding pollen.For saving pollination time, also can in advance pollen be taken out subsequent use.This method also is that choosing male parent flower in full bloom is plucked, and the maximum petal of the bottom band fine hair of flower is pressed in the edge of spool box, firmly will spend in box and tear, and pollen can fall into box.The pollen of collecting is usefulness at present preferably, as can not use at once, then should the pollen box of having gathered be sealed and put into quicklime and preserve.
(2) female parent is castrated and is made marks
Remove 3 following petals, only stay 2 top petals; Remove simultaneously 2 open and flat sepals again.Castrate every day is time as early as possible to begin to good morning.To note choosing sizeable bud during castration; Preferably select the preceding 2 days big bud of blooming; At this moment maximum petal tip is outstanding in bud, and available left hand thumb and forefinger pinch the holder part gently, and hand thumb and forefinger pinch overhang in the bud; Three petals that it is inner under leave behind, keep outside two petals.Note firmly appropriateness, and reduce infringement as far as possible floral organ.Simultaneously, tear 2 open and flat sepals below the petal, stay 3 sepals, as the mark of allocarpy.
(3) pollination
Can begin pollination after field dew is done morning, the flower that choosing is in full bloom, and two petals that stayed after both having castrated are open fully; Column cap is shinny, removes 2 petals that stay earlier, makes the mark of having hybridized; Get a little pollen with the nail cover of thumb again; Careful delivers to pollen in the hole of secreting the pistil stigma top depression that a large amount of mucus are arranged, as does not have ready-made pollen, also can show enchashment and use.
(4) pollination back plant arrangement
All behind the pollination end-of-job, put in order plant.Promptly remove the still unopened all big small buds of plant, also will remove the unnecessary shoot that 6 side shoots using from the base portion and the production of hybrid seeds bear simultaneously, this should repeatedly carry out during being operated in the production of hybrid seeds, bears fruit in case the shoot and leaf growth of transition influences.
5, gather and adopt post processing
When fruit by sagging be upturned gradually after, capsule begins breach slightly, crust turns white, at this moment seed has become yellowish-brown, can gather.Gather too early, then kernel maturing is poor, and germination rate is low; Gathered evening, then fruit splits, and seed is ejected, and influences output.Seed collection is preferably in morning or carry out the morning, in case owing to air drying in afternoon, the fruit explosion, seed drops to the ground.Seed is ripe in succession, therefore must gather every day.After gathering fruit is dried, do the light stranding in back, seed is separated with fruit fully, clean preservation then.
Claims (1)
1. pansy cross-breeding method comprises sowing and grows seedlings, field planting, field management, pollinates, gathers and adopt post processing that it is characterized in that: step is following,
The first step: sow and grow seedlings
Choose the male parent and the maternal seed of different patterns and size; Seed is directly sowed in the dish of cave; Sowing time is before and after annual September 1; " Fa Fade " board seedling medium that sowing media selects Canada to produce; After emerging 15 days, working concentration is the 20-10-20 fertilizer spray of 50mg/L, and later stage spray concentration is the fertilizer of the 20-10-20 of 100~150mg/L; Once in a week, nursery stage is 30~40 days;
Second step: field planting
Above-mentioned maternal seedling and male parent seedling are being done the high plot of land film in big ridge in October 1 to field planting on October 15 respectively covering and divide in the protection ground of two irrigate bands, punching two row in the maternal furrow of field planting wherein, line space is 40 centimetres in the furrow; Line-spacing is 80 centimetres between furrow, 30 centimetres of pitch-rows, maternal field planting 3700 Zhu ∕ mus; Punching triplex row in the furrow of field planting male parent, line space is 20 centimetres in the furrow, and line-spacing is 80 centimetres between furrow; 20 centimetres of pitch-rows, male parent field planting 8325 Zhu ∕ mus;
The 3rd step: field management
(1) temperature
After the field planting temperature of plant strain growth in time propelling and change; Temperature reduces gradually after October, and is minimum for dropping to January in next year, and protection ground increases two membranes; Temperature improves again gradually afterwards; Reach the temperature that is suitable for blooming March gradually, day temperature remains on 20~28 ℃, and nocturnal temperature remains on 5~15 ℃;
(2) moisture
After field planting finishes, should water permeablely immediately, will water once antifreeze water before the freezed in winter; Avoid cause plant arid dead because of the inconvenience of watering winter, and in time supply water based on the growth of seedling situation, the pollination phase can not lack of water; Pollination should reduce water supply after the last ten-days period in June after finishing;
(3) after March in next year, topdress with drip irrigation, adopt and dash fertilising, 10~15 days once, each every mu of sealing fertilizer 10-15 kilogram;
(4) plant adjustment
Female parent need be pruned according to the growing way of plant, mainly is major branch pinching, removes plant bottom Lao Ye, sick leaf and too much branches and leaves simultaneously, along with the growth of plant the side shoot of 6 robust growth of selecting and remain gradually, uses its production of hybrid seeds, and male parent does not need training;
The 4th step: pollination
(1) plucks the male parent male flower and collect pollen
Choosing male parent flower in full bloom is plucked, and the pollen maturation of flower in full bloom promptly drops on the fine hair place of following petal, and the direct fine hair place of maximum petal in the bottom refers to cover with the right hand thumb pollen is extruded, and directly is used for pollinating after extruding pollen;
(2) female parent is castrated and is made marks
Remove 3 following petals, only stay 2 top petals; Remove simultaneously 2 open and flat sepals again; Castrate every day will note choosing sizeable bud to begin as early as possible morning to good time during castration, select the preceding 2 days big bud of blooming; Maximum petal tip is outstanding in bud, and available left hand thumb and forefinger pinch the holder part gently, and hand thumb and forefinger pinch overhang in the bud; Three petals that it is inner under leave behind, keep outside two petals, simultaneously; Tear 2 open and flat sepals below the petal, stay 3 sepals, as the mark of allocarpy;
(3) pollination
Can begin pollination after field dew is done morning; The flower that choosing is in full bloom; Two petals that stayed after both having castrated are open fully; Column cap is shinny; Remove 2 petals that stay earlier; The mark that work has been hybridized is got a little pollen with the nail cover of thumb again, and careful pollen is delivered to secreted in the hole of the pistil stigma top depression that a large amount of mucus are arranged;
(4) pollination back plant arrangement
All behind the pollination end-of-jobs, put in order, promptly remove the still unopened all big small buds of plant, also will remove the unnecessary shoot that 6 side shoots using from base portion and the production of hybrid seeds bear simultaneously plant;
The 5th step: gather and adopt post processing
When fruit by sagging be upturned gradually after, capsule begins breach slightly, crust turns white; At this moment seed has become yellowish-brown, can gather, and seed collection in the morning or carry out the morning; Seed is ripe in succession, and gather every day, after gathering fruit dried; Do the light stranding in back, seed is separated with fruit fully, clean preservation.
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103539539A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-01-29 | 华中农业大学 | Viola x wittrockiana chemical hybridizing agent composition and its preparation method and use |
CN104813919A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-08-05 | 常州市科宏电子电器有限公司 | Breeding method for pansy |
CN104885914A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-09-09 | 安徽盛创农业科技有限公司 | Labeling method for corn hybrid seed production |
CN104885917A (en) * | 2014-10-06 | 2015-09-09 | 安徽国盛农业科技有限责任公司 | Labeling method for watermelon hybrid seed production |
CN104885915A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-09-09 | 安徽盛创农业科技有限公司 | Labeling method for Chinese cabbage hybrid seed production |
CN104885912A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-09-09 | 安徽盛创农业科技有限公司 | Labeling method for cotton hybrid seed production |
CN106171955A (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2016-12-07 | 合肥扬扬农业科技有限公司 | A kind of tobacco hybridization production of hybrid seeds labeling method |
CN106171954A (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2016-12-07 | 合肥扬扬农业科技有限公司 | A kind of hybrid maize seed production labeling method |
CN107182771A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-09-22 | 河南科技学院 | A kind of great Hua heartseases breeding high efficiency seed method |
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CN1371593A (en) * | 2001-02-20 | 2002-10-02 | 严明 | Winter blooming cultivation method for pansy and daisy |
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Cited By (9)
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CN103539539A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-01-29 | 华中农业大学 | Viola x wittrockiana chemical hybridizing agent composition and its preparation method and use |
CN104885914A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-09-09 | 安徽盛创农业科技有限公司 | Labeling method for corn hybrid seed production |
CN104885915A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-09-09 | 安徽盛创农业科技有限公司 | Labeling method for Chinese cabbage hybrid seed production |
CN104885912A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-09-09 | 安徽盛创农业科技有限公司 | Labeling method for cotton hybrid seed production |
CN104885917A (en) * | 2014-10-06 | 2015-09-09 | 安徽国盛农业科技有限责任公司 | Labeling method for watermelon hybrid seed production |
CN104813919A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-08-05 | 常州市科宏电子电器有限公司 | Breeding method for pansy |
CN106171955A (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2016-12-07 | 合肥扬扬农业科技有限公司 | A kind of tobacco hybridization production of hybrid seeds labeling method |
CN106171954A (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2016-12-07 | 合肥扬扬农业科技有限公司 | A kind of hybrid maize seed production labeling method |
CN107182771A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-09-22 | 河南科技学院 | A kind of great Hua heartseases breeding high efficiency seed method |
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