CN105409756A - Artificial hybridization method for pond-cultured peanuts in elevation stand - Google Patents
Artificial hybridization method for pond-cultured peanuts in elevation stand Download PDFInfo
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- CN105409756A CN105409756A CN201510716840.2A CN201510716840A CN105409756A CN 105409756 A CN105409756 A CN 105409756A CN 201510716840 A CN201510716840 A CN 201510716840A CN 105409756 A CN105409756 A CN 105409756A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial hybridization method for pond-cultured peanuts in an elevation stand (a hybridization pond), and belongs to the technical field of crop planting. The method comprises the steps such as preparation of a hybridization pond, a parent planting method, density, superior selection of parents, main stem removal, flower-picking, artificial hybridization, layering, marking, water spraying to maintain soil moisture content and the like. Mastery of a corresponding artificial hybridization technology is the precondition of breeding new peanut varieties well. The method disclosed by the invention is simple and feasible, time-saving, labor-saving and high in operability, and the hybridization survival rate of peanuts is high and more hybridized peanuts are harvested.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting technical field, be specifically related to plateau (hybridization pond) pond and grow flowers raw artificial hybridization method.
Background technology
Breeding is the most important and basic measure improving crop yield, improve quality, meet the need of market.Peanut is self pollination crop, have bloom (overhead very near) on the ground, characteristic and Floral organ structure more complicated are born pods in underground; Compared with other crops, its hybridization technique is especially special, and corresponding artificial hybridization technology is the prerequisite of doing Peanut New Variety Selection well.Since carrying out from peanut breeding work, China experienced by five peanut varieties and upgrades, and more new capital considerably improves peanut yield per unit area each time.Artificial hybridization is the key link in peanut breeding process, and simple and practical artificial hybridization operating technology is concerning most important breeding work.In artificial hybridization process, breeder usually focuses on emasculation and pollination stage, often ignore hybridization efficiency and maternal cultivation management, and simple and practical plateau planting method, emasculating method and maternal cultivation management method effectively can improve artificial hybridization efficiency, alleviate labour intensity during hybridization.The progeny material obtained by artificial hybridization is the most direct most basic examination material source of Peanut New Variety Selection research.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of plateau (hybridization pond) pond hydroponics peanut artificial hybridization technology.The method is workable, save labor, hybridization efficiency and setting ratio high.
For realizing object of the present invention, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
1, plateau (hybridization pond) prepares
For ease of crossing work (taking off in the past on the ground), first the hybridization pond of a brick mix structure is built, do when hybridizing and can stand or take off on face, pond, pond length be determined according to hybrid combination, and pond is wide 150 centimetres, pond is high 80 centimetres, planting bed surrounding builds the hard surface of 50 centimetres, fills up the earth on husky loamy texture ground in pond, the good soil that 30 centimetres, top layer needs slaking, fertility better-than-average, like this, more reality is close to than potted plant female parent.
2, parent's implantation methods
Female parent plants the one side in planting bed, 30 centimetres away from limit be, is convenient to fruit pin and forms rear layer.Bunch planting, every bunch planting 3-4 grain full seed, separately puts in ground, then earthing 3-4 centimetre.For ease of crossover operation, cave is apart from 50 centimetres, and every combined grow 2 cave, pushs aside soil when seed top soil is emerged and expose cotyledon, and when 2-3 leaf, preferentially select and remain 1 strain in every cave.Male parent 3-6 days (maintenance flower synchronization) before planting of maternal is planted in planting bed another side, plants 2 row, line-spacing 40 centimetres, every combined grow 10-15 cave, cave distance 18-20 centimetre, 2, every cave, about sowing depth 3cm.Plug district's board before each combination, indicate area code and combination title.Before emerging, water spray keeps suitable soil moisture content in time.
3, maternal training
After the 2nd pair of side shoot grows 5 centimetres, at the 5th leaf segment place, stem is cut off with scissors, form criss-cross four branches.This had both met the characteristic that bears pods of peanut, was convenient to again remove non-emasculation and the sordid flower of emasculation.
4, defloration
Start to bloom to (male parent enter just full-bloom stage before) during artificial hybridization at female parent, early morning every day, 6:00-8:00 extractd maternal all flowers opened.
5, hybridize
Preparation before hybridization: comprise instrument and the materials such as tweezers, culture dish, alcohol, absorbent cotton.Hybridization pollination work should by professional scientific researcher's practical operation, if hybrid combination is more, staff is not enough, also the 3-5 days laggard line operates of intense session can be carried out to layman, to guarantee emasculation, pollination quality, improve and be hybridized to motility rate, the seed selection trying material for offspring is laid a solid foundation.
Emasculation: generally several days (male parent is also bloomed) starts emasculation hybridization after the female parent beginning is spent.The emasculation time is generally after 16:00 every day, selects calyx fine fisssure to manifest the bud of yellow petal, the flower that namely can open the next morning.Left-handed thumb and middle finger pinch the base portion of bud, the right hand is held tweezers and is torn by calyx tube is separated 1 piece of sepal gently, again vexil, ala are pushed aside gently, left-handed forefinger and thumb push down the petal pushed aside, then gently keel are removed with tweezers, pistil is exposed, with tweezers one or many, the excision of the flower pesticide of 8 stamens is removed, do not damage the column cap of gynoecium, with finger, vexil, ala are restored to the original state again, like this, both can prevent from being pollinated by wind, worm, be beneficial to again second day and normally bloom pollination.As long as there is suitable flower can emasculation, use within second day, to do hybridization.
Pollination: second day morning, 6:00 to 8:00 carried out artificial pollination to the flower of emasculation.Before pollination, the male parent flower of some is first gathered by combination, then, with tweezers the pollen of male parent flower extruded to put into and mix with the sterile glass culture dish of alcohol or the left hand palm of the hand, during pollination, held male flower with left index finger and middle finger, dip pollen by forceps tips and push vexil, ala gently aside, be coated on column cap, and restore with by vexil, ala, encase column cap.Special it should be noted that tweezers and culture dish thorough disinfection must be done next combination again with alcohol swab after often combining pollination during pollination.In investigation originally, indicate flower number of pollinating after every flower pollination, often combine pollination flower number to add up every day.Should be noted, the flower of overnight perforated hero during pollination, should be extractd, extract the halfway flower of the emasculation because of carelessness.
6, management during hybridization
Remain during hybridization that maternal side shoot base portion is exposed to soil outside, remove the leaflet of side shoot basal growth and unnecessary side shoot in time with scissors; When starting have fruit pin to be formed, gently pressing solidly with thin iron bar in time and determining fruit pin place side shoot, irregularly moving thin iron bar according to fruit pin position; Running into rainy weather cannot do when hybridizing, in early morning 6:00-8:00 remove the maternal flower opened.
7, parent's cultivation management after hybridization
Hybridization continues 15-18 days, and namely every combined hybrid about 120 can terminate hybridization.At the end of hybridization, in the end the joint position place plastic ties of 1 hybridization flower fixes mark, then still in the maternal flower opened of 6:00-8:00 removal in early morning every day, holds always and continues more than 20 days.Pull out near maternal 1 row male parent on one side, for female parent reserves enough growing spaces simultaneously.To spray water in time between whole breeding time maintenance soil moisture content, to keep soil surface moistening.Hybridization terminates the hybrid seed in the full maturation of the anterior results of mark after latter about 50 days.
Described method for planting of maternal is: in hybridization pond, during planting of maternal, seed is separately put in ground, then earthing 3-4 centimetre; After the 2nd pair of side shoot grows 5 centimetres, stem is cut off at the 5th leaf segment place with scissors; During artificial hybridization emasculation, remove 1 piece of sepal and keel that calyx tube is separated; When starting have fruit pin to be formed, gently pressing solidly with thin iron bar in time and determining fruit pin place side shoot, according to fruit pin position, irregularly mobile thin iron bar; At the end of hybridization, in the end the joint position place plastic ties of 1 hybridization flower fixes mark, whole breeding time, sprays water in time, keeps soil surface moistening.
The beneficial effect of the invention: facts have proved for many years, this method, than conventional hybridization method practicality simple to operate, time saving and energy saving, saves planting of maternal quantity, and the allocarpy of acquisition is generally not easily mixed with false hybrid about 20%.
Embodiment
Peanut artificial hybridization experiment 1
Within 2013, carry out peanut artificial hybridization test in Xuzhou City of Jiangsu Province academy of agricultural sciences.
1, hybridize pond to prepare
For ease of crossing work, first parent's planting bed of a brick mix structure is built, pond length is determined according to hybrid combination, pond is wide 150 centimetres, pond is high 80 centimetres, planting bed surrounding builds the hard surface of 50 centimetres, fills up the earth on husky loamy texture ground in pond, the good soil that 30 centimetres, top layer needs slaking, fertility better-than-average.
2, parent's implantation methods
May 15, plantation was maternal in hybridization pond, from pool side 30 centimetres, and bunch planting, every bunch planting 4 full seeds, separately put in ground, then earthing 3-4 centimetre; Cave distance 50 centimetres, every combined grow 2 cave; Pushed aside by soil when seed top soil is emerged and expose cotyledon, when 2-3 leaf, preferentially select and remain 1 strain in every cave.Male parent planted the another side in pond May 11, planted 2 row, line-spacing 40 centimetres, every combined grow 10-15 cave, cave distance 15 centimetres, 2, every cave, about sowing depth 3cm.Plug district's board before each combination, indicate area code and combination title, do combination 24 altogether.Before emerging, water spray keeps soil moisture content in time.
3, maternal training
After the 2nd pair of side shoot grows 5 centimetres, at the 5th leaf segment place, stem is cut off with scissors, form criss-cross four branches.
4, defloration
Start to bloom to (male parent enter just full-bloom stage before) during artificial hybridization at female parent, maternal all flowers opened are extractd in 6:00-8:00 not timing in early morning every day.
5, hybridize
Hybridization pollination work, by professional scientific researcher's practical operation, does hybridization flower number between 120-150 altogether.
6, management during hybridization
Remain during hybridization that maternal side shoot base portion is exposed to soil outside, remove the leaflet of side shoot basal growth and unnecessary side shoot in time with scissors; When starting have fruit pin to be formed, gently pressing solidly with thin iron bar in time and determining fruit pin place side shoot, irregularly moving thin iron bar according to fruit pin position; Running into rainy weather cannot do when hybridizing, in early morning 6:00-8:00 remove the maternal flower opened.
7, parent's cultivation management after hybridization
Hybridization continues 15 days.At the end of hybridization, in the end the joint position place plastic ties of 1 hybridization flower fixes mark, then still in the maternal flower opened of 6:00-10:00 removal in early morning every day, holds always and continues more than 20 days.Pull out near maternal 1 row male parent on one side, for female parent reserves enough growing spaces simultaneously.Spray water in time between whole breeding time, keep soil surface moistening.Hybridization terminates at mark anterior results hybrid seed after latter about 50 days, and the allocarpy number of each combination results is at 22-32.
Peanut artificial hybridization test 2
Within 2014, carry out peanut artificial hybridization test in Xuzhou City of Jiangsu Province academy of agricultural sciences, the pond that hybridization pond still prepared with 2013.
1, parent's implantation methods
May 18, plantation was maternal, from pool side 30 centimetres, and bunch planting, every bunch planting 4 full seeds, separately put in ground, then earthing 3-4 centimetre; Cave distance 50 centimetres, every combined grow 2 cave; Pushed aside by soil when seed top soil is emerged and expose cotyledon, when 2-3 leaf, preferentially select and remain 1 strain in every cave.Male parent planted the another side in pond May 13, planted 2 row, line-spacing 40 centimetres, every combined grow 10-15 cave, cave distance 15 centimetres, 2, every cave, about sowing depth 3cm.Plug district's board before each combination, indicate area code and combination title, do 30 combinations altogether.Before emerging, water spray keeps soil moisture content in time.
3, maternal training
After the 2nd pair of side shoot grows 5 centimetres, at the 5th leaf segment place, stem is cut off with scissors, form criss-cross four branches.
4, defloration
Start to bloom to (male parent enter just full-bloom stage before) during artificial hybridization at female parent, maternal all flowers opened are extractd in 6:00-8:00 not timing in early morning every day.
5, hybridize
Hybridization pollination work, still by professional scientific researcher's practical operation, does hybridization flower number between 110-140 altogether.
6, management during hybridization
Remain during hybridization that maternal side shoot base portion is exposed to soil outside, remove the leaflet of side shoot basal growth and unnecessary side shoot in time with scissors; When starting have fruit pin to be formed, gently pressing solidly with thin iron bar in time and determining fruit pin place side shoot, irregularly moving thin iron bar according to fruit pin position; Running into rainy weather cannot do when hybridizing, in early morning 6:00-8:00 remove the maternal flower opened.
7, parent's cultivation management after hybridization
Hybridization continues 17 days.At the end of hybridization, in the end the joint position place plastic ties of 1 hybridization flower fixes mark, then still in the maternal flower opened of 6:00-8:00 removal in early morning every day, holds always and continues more than 20 days.Pull out near maternal 1 row male parent on one side, for female parent reserves enough growing spaces simultaneously.Between whole breeding time, water spray keeps soil moisture content in time, makes soil surface moistening.Hybridization terminates at mark anterior results hybrid seed after latter about 50 days, and the allocarpy number of each combination results is at 18-30.
Claims (3)
1. grow flowers a raw artificial hybridization method in plateau pond, it is characterized in that: specific as follows:
(1) hybridize pond to prepare
Build the hybridization pond of a plantation parent, pond length determine according to hybrid combination, and pond is wide 150 centimetres, and pond is high 80 centimetres, and planting bed surrounding builds the hard surface of 50 centimetres, earth with filling up husky loamy texture in pond, the good soil that 30 centimetres, top layer needs slaking, fertility better-than-average;
(2) parent's implantation methods
Female parent plants the one side in hybridization pond, from pool side 30 centimetres; Bunch planting, every bunch planting 3-4 grain full seed; Cave is apart from 50 centimetres, and every combined grow 2 cave, pushs aside soil when seed top soil is emerged and expose cotyledon, and when 2-3 leaf, preferentially select and remain 1 strain in every cave; Male parent is 3-6 days before planting of maternal, keeps flower synchronization, plants in hybridization pond another side, plants 2 row, line-spacing 40 centimetres, every combined grow 10-15 cave, cave distance 18-20 centimetre, 2, every cave, about sowing depth 3cm; Plug district's board before each combination, indicate area code and combination title; Before emerging, water spray keeps suitable soil moisture content in time;
(3) maternal training
Cut off stem when female parent grows into 6-7 leaf at the 5th petiole place, form criss-cross four branches;
(4) defloration
When female parent starts to bloom to artificial hybridization, before male parent enters first full-bloom stage, early morning every day, 6:00-8:00 extractd maternal all flowers opened;
(5) hybridize
Preparation before hybridization: comprise instrument and the materials such as tweezers, culture dish, alcohol, absorbent cotton; Hybridization pollination work should by professional scientific researcher's practical operation;
Emasculation: generally after female parent begins to spend several days, male parent was also bloomed, and starts emasculation hybridization; The emasculation time, should, after every day 16:00, calyx fine fisssure be selected to manifest the bud of yellow petal; Left-handed thumb and middle finger pinch the base portion of bud, the right hand is held tweezers and is torn by calyx tube is separated 1 piece of sepal gently, push vexil, ala aside, left-handed forefinger and thumb push down the petal pushed aside again, then with tweezers, keel are extractd gently, expose pistil, then with tweezers one or many, the excision of the flower pesticide of 8 stamens is removed, do not damage the column cap of gynoecium, then with finger, vexil, ala are restored to the original state.As long as there is suitable flower can emasculation, use so that hybridization is done in pollination in second day;
Pollination: second day morning, 6:00 to 8:00 carried out artificial pollination to the flower of emasculation; Before pollination, the male parent flower of some is first gathered by combination, then being extruded by the pollen of male parent flower with tweezers puts into the sterile glass culture dish of alcohol, during pollination, left index finger and middle finger held male flower, dip pollen by forceps tips and push vexil, ala gently aside, be coated on column cap, and restore with by vexil, ala, encase column cap; Special it should be noted that tweezers and culture dish thorough disinfection must be done next combination again with alcohol swab after often combining pollination during pollination; In investigation originally, indicate flower number of pollinating after every flower pollination, often combine pollination flower number to add up every day; Should be noted, that overnight perforated hero should be extractd during pollination or that emasculation is unclean because of carelessness flower;
(6), management during hybridization
Remain during hybridization that maternal side shoot base portion is exposed to soil outside, remove the leaflet of side shoot basal growth and unnecessary side shoot in time with scissors; When starting have fruit pin to be formed, gently pressing solidly in time and determining side shoot, make fruit pin overhead near as far as possible; Running into rainy weather cannot do when hybridizing, in early morning 6:00-8:00 extract the maternal flower opened;
(7), parent's cultivation management after hybridization
Hybridization continues 15-18 days, and namely every combined hybrid about 120 can terminate hybridization; At the end of hybridization, in the end the joint position place plastic ties of 1 hybridization flower fixes mark, then still in the maternal flower opened of 6:00-8:00 removal in early morning every day, continues more than 20 days always; Pull out near maternal 1 row male parent on one side, for female parent reserves enough growing spaces simultaneously; After hybridization terminates latter about 50 days, results hybrid seed.
2. grow flowers raw artificial hybridization method in a kind of plateau pond according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described method for planting of maternal is: in hybridization pond, during planting of maternal, seed is separately put in ground, then earthing 3-4 centimetre; After the 2nd pair of side shoot grows 5 centimetres, stem is cut off at the 5th leaf segment place with scissors; During artificial hybridization emasculation, remove 1 piece of sepal and keel that calyx tube is separated; When starting have fruit pin to be formed, gently pressing solidly with thin iron bar in time and determining fruit pin place side shoot, according to fruit pin position, irregularly mobile thin iron bar; At the end of hybridization, in the end the joint position place plastic ties of 1 hybridization flower fixes mark, whole breeding time, sprays water in time, keeps soil surface moistening.
3. grow flowers raw artificial hybridization method in a kind of plateau pond according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described hybridization pond is brick mix structure or cement structures.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106508670A (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2017-03-22 | 商丘市农林科学院 | Method for improving peanut hybridization efficiency |
| CN109169261A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-01-11 | 驻马店市农业科学院 | A kind of peanut hybridization breeding marking method |
| CN110915646A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-03-27 | 贵州省油料研究所 | Efficient breeding method capable of simply identifying and marking peanut hybrid seed needles |
| CN111771715A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-10-16 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Comprehensive technology for improving peanut hybridization efficiency |
| CN115777525A (en) * | 2022-12-20 | 2023-03-14 | 商丘市农林科学院 | Peanut crossbreeding marking method |
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| US6063984A (en) * | 1987-07-10 | 2000-05-16 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Enhanced peanut products and plant lines |
| CN102150610A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-08-17 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Efficient broad bean hybrid breeding method |
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- 2015-10-29 CN CN201510716840.2A patent/CN105409756A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US6063984A (en) * | 1987-07-10 | 2000-05-16 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Enhanced peanut products and plant lines |
| CN102150610A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-08-17 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Efficient broad bean hybrid breeding method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 王传堂等: "《花生遗传改良》", 30 September 2013 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106508670A (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2017-03-22 | 商丘市农林科学院 | Method for improving peanut hybridization efficiency |
| CN109169261A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-01-11 | 驻马店市农业科学院 | A kind of peanut hybridization breeding marking method |
| CN110915646A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-03-27 | 贵州省油料研究所 | Efficient breeding method capable of simply identifying and marking peanut hybrid seed needles |
| CN111771715A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-10-16 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Comprehensive technology for improving peanut hybridization efficiency |
| CN115777525A (en) * | 2022-12-20 | 2023-03-14 | 商丘市农林科学院 | Peanut crossbreeding marking method |
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Application publication date: 20160323 |