CN103535270B - Remove No. 7 wheat hybridizing breedings of wheat and propagation method - Google Patents
Remove No. 7 wheat hybridizing breedings of wheat and propagation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of plant breeding and propagation method, disclose one and removed No. 7 wheat hybridizing breedings of wheat and propagation method. It comprises the following steps: (1) Selection parent, and select branch shape wheat to remove wheat No. 4 as female parent, ramiform wheat is removed wheat and is done male parent for No. 6 and carry out sexual hybridization; (2) emasculation, pollination, by disposable maternal flower pesticide removal, column cap maturation after 1-4 days, can pollinate, and within 18-21 days, strips rataria cultured in vitro after pollination, and it is carried out to adding generation and system selection; (3) adding generation and system are selected, winter booth, carry out vernalization treatment with refrigerator summer, through repeatedly seed selection, cultivated comprehensive all good branch hybrid wheat new varieties on the basis of the second generation---remove wheat No. 7. This kind have remove wheat No. 4 anti-fall, disease resistance is strong, high yield, the advantage that yield stability is good, having acted on again male parent simultaneously, to remove No. 6 growing powers of wheat vigorous, the feature of plant good stress resistance, every mu can be increased production more than 20%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant breeding and propagation method, be specifically related to one and remove No. 7 wheat hybridizing breedings of wheatAnd propagation method.
Background technology
Wheat is the second largest staple food crop that China is only second to paddy rice, and wheat seed is the base of agricultural productionBasis, the most important means of production, the whether good height that is directly connected to land efficiency of wheat seed, currentAgricultural production in, mainly by field planting, wheat seed is cultivated and obtained to the mode of preferentially choosing.Because the wheat breeding work of China is in ramp up, the new variety of wheat being bred as by prior art cannotObtain important breakthrough.
Existing wheat breed is removed wheat, and to have anti-fall disease resistance No. 4 strong, and product are of fine quality, high yield, the spy that yield stability is goodPoint; Existing wheat breed is removed wheat, and to have growing power No. 6 vigorous, the advantage of the strong stress resistance of plant. IfUtilize heterosis in wheat, can be as hybrid rice, will remove wheat No. 4 and remove wheat and pass through Crossing system No. 6Cultivate branch shape wheat and remove wheat No. 7, both the anti-fall disease resistance of tool was strong to make it, and product are of fine quality, high yield, stable yieldsProperty good feature can keep again vigorous growing power, the anti-adversity of plant surmounts far away maternal No. 4, thisThat people more wish. In retrieval 1992---2013, in the documents and materials of 21 years, do not find relevantBranch shape wheat is applied to the report of production, more do not find branch shape wheat remove No. 7 sexual hybridizations of wheat be bred asPrecedent, the research that proves this respect belongs to the blank stage.
Summary of the invention
The problem existing for prior art, the object of the invention is to utilize ramiform wheat remove wheat No. 6 withRemove wheat and carry out the method for sexual hybridization, breeding and breeding No. 4, thereby cultivate into a kind of ramiform wheat new productPlant and remove wheat No. 7.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: one remove No. 7 wheat hybridizing breedings of wheat andPropagation method, comprises the following steps:
(1) Selection parent
Select branch shape wheat to remove wheat No. 4 as female parent, ramiform wheat is removed wheat and is done male parent for No. 6 and carry out sexual assortedHand over; Female parent selects the main fringe of robust plant, only stays 8-16, its top small ear, only stays two bases on each small earSupermature 2 little Hua of portion;
(2) emasculation, pollination
Flower pesticide in every little Hua of above-mentioned female parent is once removed, put immediately paper bag and indicate the maternal name of an article and goOn the male date, column cap maturation after 1-4 days, can pollinate, after pollination, put immediately paper bag and indicate father,The maternal name of an article and pollination date, strip rataria cultured in vitro for 18-21 days after pollination, and it is carried out to adding generationSelect with system;
(3) adding generation and system are selected
Winter booth, carry out vernalization treatment with refrigerator summer, through repeatedly seed selection, on the basis of the second generation, trainsBring out comprehensive all good branch hybrid wheat new varieties---remove wheat No. 7.
The described Selection parent of above-mentioned steps (1) refers to: in hybrid strain garden, select to remove wheat do for No. 4 female parent,Ramiform wheat is removed wheat and is done male parent No. 6, and female parent removes wheat and will select robust plant No. 4, has just extracted leaf sheath outTassel, select main fringe for well, first cut off maternal tassel and grow up and down slower small ear, then the awn of wheat is cut,Only stay 10 left and right of small ear of middle and upper part, 5 on one side, then the little Hua on each small ear centre staying is usedTweezers are removed, and each small ear only stays base portion to grow good two little Hua.
Described emasculation, the pollination of above-mentioned steps (2) refers to: the female parent of putting in order is removed to No. 4 tassel emasculations of wheat,Medicine emasculation method is plucked in utilization, specific practice: clamp the whole wheat head with left hand thumb and middle finger, one by one will with forefingerThe interior coetonium shell of flower presses off gently, and the right hand stretches in little Hua three flower pesticide are pressed from both sides out with tweezers, and once goesOnly, note not hindering column cap and interior coetonium, flower pesticide is not clipped broken simultaneously, once clip broken, should extract that this is littleFlower, and clean forceps tips with cotton ball soaked in alcohol, to kill attached superincumbent pollen, emasculation should be in order from upperAnd under one by one flower carry out, omit, 1-4 days column cap maturations after general emasculation, can pollinate, but due toKind is sooner or later different with temperature at that time heading stage, and the speed of column cap maturation is also inconsistent, the kind of heading in evening,Particularly under hot conditions, after emasculation 1-2 days can be ripe, have even in the time of emasculation column cap becomeRipe, therefore, should catch pollinate favourable opportunity, to improve setting percentage in good time; In male parent, choose ramiformWheat is removed the wheat tassel that No. 6 the indivedual little Hua in tassel middle and upper part have opened at that time, presses off little Hua around with tweezersInterior coetonium, press from both sides out the flower pesticide of cadmium yellow maturation, put into capsule, immediately pollination, when pollination, take off female parentPaper bag on fringe, glues to take a morsel pollen or press from both sides 1-2 ripe flower pesticide with tweezers with little writing brush and puts into successively oftenIn individual little Hua; Good in order to ensure column cap pollination, flower pesticide is embrocated gently on column cap, after pollination 25 days,It is carried out to adding generation and system selection.
The described adding generation of above-mentioned steps (3) refers to: the seed before sowing is answered the breaking dormancy phase, and use winterBooth, carry out vernalization treatment with refrigerator summer, improves the reproduction speed of seed, concrete adding generation method asUnder:
1. transplant: grasp the suitable time that wheat seeding is transplanted, removing wheat is Semi-winter wheat kind No. 7, in 9Months No. 22 day field seeding, late October digs out wheat seeding and is transplanted in booth, when transplanting, individual plant is tillered 5Left and right not etc., 20 centimetres of line-spacings, 15 centimetres of spacing in the rows, complete and grow the period of vernalization, must 21-30 days,Ask temperature 2-6 DEG C, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time.
2. the slow seedling stage: because root is injured, have a recovery stage after planting seedling, canopy temperature daytimeHeight is no more than 10 DEG C, is not less than 8 DEG C night, is advisable in humidity 80% left and right, and 7 days by the slow seedling stage;
3. stand up the stage: wheat delays after seedling, in 9 days, canopy temperature is the highest is by day no more than 15 DEG C,Be not less than 8 DEG C night, mean temperature is 12 DEG C, and humidity is 75% left and right; Enter front ten days of stem elongation stageIn, canopy temperature is controlled at and is the highlyest no more than 15 DEG C daytime, is not less than 10 DEG C night, and mean daily temperature is12 DEG C, average every strain ratio increases by 27 left and right of tillering while planting seedling, and canopy planted agent increases illumination;
4. pull out the minor matters stage: the temperature in booth is controlled at and is the highlyest no more than 15 DEG C, and mean daily temperature is at 20 DEG CLeft and right; Start the cultivation technique of useization control in time;
5. heading-filling stage: the temperature in booth is brought up to 25-33 DEG C, and short its premature ripening, takes outAfter fringe, canopy temperature is brought up to 33-38 DEG C, transfers high temperature and forces ripely, promotes its premature ripening, at milking maturity endPhase harvesting.
The suitable time that above-mentioned grasp wheat seeding is transplanted refers to: for No. 7 new varieties of wheat are removed in quick high power breeding, because ofRemove wheat No. 7 for semi-winterness kind, in north Shandong, in field seeding on September 22, late October byTransplantation of seedlings is dug to completing winter wheat period of vernalization in booth every ridge in land for growing field crops, could normally ear, solid;
The above-mentioned slow seedling stage refers to: strictly controls canopy temperature, delays when the seedling stage, wheat seeding dug from the ground, byInjured in root, after cultivation seedling, there is a recovery stage, if now temperature of shed is too high, blade transpirationAggravation, radical leaves occurs withered, and impact is grown and is tillered, and temperature is too low, and seedling-slowing stage extends, so wheatAfter seedling shifts out, canopy temperature daytime is the highest is no more than 10 DEG C, night minimum 8 DEG C of left and right, the humidity of being not less than75%-80% is advisable, and generally lasts 7 days by the slow seedling stage;
The above-mentioned stage of standing up refers to: after the slow seedling of wheat seeding, for accelerating wheat seeding growing process, in 9 days, large after slow seedlingTemperature of shed daytime is the highest is no more than 15 DEG C, is not less than 8 DEG C night, and mean temperature is 12 DEG C, and humidity is 75%Left and right, the favourable wheat of such condition is steadily and surely grown, and is conducive to tiller, restrain the growth of seedlings; Entered before the stem elongation stageIn ten days, canopy temperature is controlled at and is the highlyest no more than 15 DEG C, and night is minimum is no less than 10 DEG C, investigation resultShow that average every strain increase by 27 left and right of tillering increase by 22 left and right of tillering when cutting seedling, for striving forMany spike numbers are laid good basis.
Above-mentioned canopy planted agent increases illumination and refers to: wheat is long-day self pollination crop, especially stands up after jointingNeeds to illumination are more urgent, wheat in by the stage of standing up to ripening period, fluorescent lamp is installed in canopy,To increase illumination, general every 60 square metres a 40W fluorescent lamp is installed, fluorescent tube is apart from left and right, two meters, ground,Turn on light 6 of every afternoons to next day 8 a.m. turn off the light, increase illumination 14 hours.
The above-mentioned stem elongation stage refers to: wheat enters the jointing stage, and the temperature in booth is controlled at the highest being no more than25 DEG C, night is minimum is no less than 15 DEG C, and mean daily temperature, 20 DEG C of left and right, makes individual plant Wheat Development stalwartness,Tiller neat, pole is stood upright to fall, and ventilation and penetrating light is good, for high yield is established good basis.
Above-mentioned heading-filling stage refers to: for accelerating heading progress and shortening grouting time, wheat starts headingTo ripening period, the temperature in booth is brought up to 25-33 DEG C, to accelerate the accumulation of dry in seed and to carryEarly ripe.
Above-mentioned prevention and elimination of disease and pests refers to: because sunshine in booth is few, temperature is high, high humidity, permeability are poor, littleWheat stands up, after jointing, powdery mildew and aphid damage easily occur, and now sprays 40% triadimefon once, and concentration is50 milliliters every mu occur to prevent and treat powdery mildew, if find aphid damage, the bromine oxygen chrysanthemum ester medicine of available 5000 timesLiquid spraying control.
Above-mentioned wheat has used change control cultivation technique to refer in breeding: wheat enforcementization control cultivation can regulate and control plantGrow, strengthen its anti-adversity ability, promote kipeming high yield, stand up the phase at wheat, every mu spray 200ppm30 kilograms of paclobutrazol solution, can make plant downgrade, lodging tolerance is strong, and can doublely control wheat powdery mildew andImprove the absorption rate to nitrogen of plant, help strong plain 15-20ml in every mu of use of wheat during jointing stage, be watered50-60 kilogram of foliage-spray, can suppress joint and extend, from booting, spray 2-3 time altogether between the pustulation period, at every turnInterval 7-8 days, can improve 2.2 grams of mass of 1000 kernel, volume increase 10.6%, and can promote filling speed, make seedFull, ripen in advance 3-5 days.
Above-mentioned No. 7 new varieties of wheat of removing have following excellent specific property:
Late-maturing in this kind, the power of emerging is strong, and rate of tillering panicle is high, and semi-winterness is turned green early, and seedling partly crawls,Well developed root system, growing power and winter resistance are strong, anti-three rust, banded sclerotial blight, gently feel powdery mildew and head blight; Plant typeHalf compact, and appearance is good, and leaf green, has tragus at auricle white, the bar maturation of living, and cane wax, goes outBefore blooming when fringe, fringe and plant are homochromy, and the percentage of earbearing tiller is high, and cane is hard, and anti-fall hot-dry wind tolerance, blooms after headingTime, first started by the middle and upper part small ear of fringe, then upwards, downwards, basal spikelet is bloomed the latest, has fringeBranch floriferousness, yield potential is large, and stable high yield is good, and Grain number per spike 80-145 grain, because of ground fertility barPart is and different, and the degree of lip-rounding is medium, the Huang Xinghao that falls, and average yield per mu is more than 650 kilograms.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention selects branch shape wheat to remove wheat No. 4 as female parent, ramiform wheatRemove wheat and do male parent for No. 6 and carry out the new varieties of sexual hybridization incubation and remove wheat No. 7, this kind has been broken existing wheatKind is increased production difficult present situation, and rate of tillering panicle is high, has both had to remove that the anti-fall disease resistance of wheat No. 4 is strong, qualityExcellent, high yield, the advantage that yield stability is good, having acted on again male parent simultaneously, to remove No. 6 growing powers of wheat vigorous, and plant is anti-The contrary good feature of property can be increased production more than 20% in the situation that every mu of sowing quantity reduces 30%.
Detailed description of the invention
Taking Northwest of Shandong's climatic environment as example, this crossbreeding implementation method is illustrated.
(1) Selection parent
Select branch shape wheat to remove wheat No. 4 as female parent, ramiform wheat is removed wheat and is done male parent for No. 6 and carry out sexual assortedHand over; Female parent selects the main fringe of robust plant, only stays 8-16, its top small ear, only stays two base portions on every small earSupermature 2 little Hua;
(2) emasculation, pollination
By the maternal tassel emasculation of putting in order, utilize the medicine emasculation method, specific practice of plucking: with left hand thumb and middle fingerClamp the whole wheat head, one by one the interior coetonium shell of flower is pressed off gently with forefinger, the right hand stretches in little Hua with tweezersThree flower pesticide are pressed from both sides out, preferably once remove, note not hindering column cap and interior coetonium, simultaneously not by flower pesticideClip broken, once clip broken, should extract this little Hua, and clean forceps tips with cotton ball soaked in alcohol, be attached to killPollen above, emasculation should be spent and carry out one by one from top to bottom in order, do not omit, after emasculation, cover immediatelyUpper paper bag, sealing, and on paper bag, indicate maternal variety name and emasculation date, 1-4 days after general emasculationColumn cap maturation, can pollinate, but because kind is sooner or later different with temperature at that time heading stage, column cap maturationSpeed is also inconsistent, and the kind of heading in evening particularly, under hot conditions, gets final product maturation for after emasculation 1-2 days,The even maturation of column cap in the time of emasculation having therefore, should catch pollinate favourable opportunity, to improve in good timeSetting percentage; Optional ramiform wheat is removed the wheat tassel that No. 6 the indivedual little Hua in tassel middle and upper part have opened at that time,Press off the interior coetonium of little Hua around with tweezers, press from both sides out the flower pesticide of cadmium yellow maturation, put into capsule, pollination immediately,When pollination, take off the paper bag on maternal fringe, with the sticky pollen or ripe with 1-2, tweezers folder that takes a morsel of little writing brushFlower pesticide put into successively each little Hua; Good in order to ensure column cap pollination, flower pesticide is coated with gently on column capWipe, after pollination, then put paper bag, and on paper bag, write exactly father, maternal title and pollination date, andAfter latter 25 days, it is carried out to Jia Dai and system selection in pollination.
(3) adding generation and system are selected
Seed before sowing should the breaking dormancy phase, winter booth, carry out vernalization treatment, warp with refrigerator summerRepeatedly seed selection, on the basis of the second generation, cultivate comprehensive all good branch hybrid wheat new varieties---Remove wheat No. 7.
Current domestic winter wheat propagation method, is mainly annually, small size essence amount or half essence amount breeding, oneAs 100 times of left and right of breeding coefficient. But branch hybrid wheat of the present invention is removed No. 7 new varieties of wheat, 1 year canBreed 3-4 generation; In test, with light seeding breeding, with 656 (196.8 grams) wheat seeds, 2 years results kind13252 jin, a traditional unit of weight of sons, improve 1.5 ten thousand times of breeding coefficients.
The concrete adding generation method of removing No. 7 new varieties of wheat is as follows:
1. transplant: grasp the suitable time that wheat seeding is transplanted, in 656 seeds of day September 22 field seeding,Late October digs out wheat seeding 498 strains and is transplanted to while transplanting in booth individual plant 5 left and right of tillering, 20 lis of line-spacingsRice, 15 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 0.29 mu of cultivated area, completes and grows, the period of vernalization for 21-30 days the period of vernalizationRequire temperature 2-6 DEG C, and prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time.
2. the slow seedling stage: because root is injured, have a recovery stage after planting seedling, canopy temperature daytimeHeight is no more than 10 DEG C, is not less than 8 DEG C night, is advisable in humidity 80% left and right, and 7 days by the slow seedling stage;
3. stand up the stage: after the slow seedling of wheat, on during to 12 calendar 9 days February 4, canopy temperature by dayThe highlyest be no more than 15 DEG C, be not less than 8 DEG C night, mean temperature is 12 DEG C, and humidity is 75% left and right; From 12In months 1 day to ten days on the 22nd, canopy temperature is controlled at and is the highlyest no more than 15 DEG C, is not less than 10 DEG C night,Mean daily temperature is 12 DEG C, and December 22, the survey showed that, average every strain increase by 27 left and right of tillering,Ratio has increased by 22 left and right of tillering while cutting seedling; For striving for that more spike number lays good basis, canopy planted agent increases lightAccording to;
4. pull out the minor matters stage: December 23, wheat entered the jointing stage, lasted 34 days, in order to strive for more pointsTiller Cheng Sui, the temperature in booth is controlled at and is the highlyest no more than 25 DEG C daytime, and night is minimum is not less than 15 DEG C, dayMean temperature is 20 DEG C of left and right; Start the cultivation technique of useization control in time;
5. heading-filling stage: remove wheat on January 26 and start heading for No. 7, from January 27 to February 23,Last 28 days, the temperature in booth is brought up to 25-33 DEG C, and short its premature ripening is large from February 24Temperature of shed is brought up to 33-38 DEG C, transfers high temperature and forces ripely, gather at milking maturity latter stage (February 28),Mass of 1000 kernel only has 35 grams, than 24.1 of 6 grams of left and right Earsper plant rates of normal reduction, and average Grain number per spike 62.4,498 strains are total to 52.42 jin, a traditional unit of weight of sowing.
The suitable time that above-mentioned grasp wheat seeding is transplanted refers to: for quick high power breeding new varieties are removed wheat No. 7, inSeptember 22 656 of field seedings, late October digs seedling 656 strains by land for growing field crops every ridge and is transplanted in booth and completesWinter wheat period of vernalization, could normally ear, solid, the present invention removes No. 7 Triticum semi-winterness kinds of wheat, springChanging preference temperature is 2-6 DEG C, and the vernalization time is 21-30 days, under the condition of north Shandong, removes wheat No. 7 in 9The moon 22 sowing, late October can complete vernalization and grow, its well-grown of guarantee, can normally ear,Solid;
The above-mentioned stage of standing up refers to: after the slow seedling of wheat, for accelerating its growing process, from 4 to 12 FebruaryLast 9 days, canopy temperature daytime is the highest is no more than 15 DEG C, is not less than 8 DEG C night, and mean temperature is 12 DEG C,Humidity is 75% left and right, and the favourable wheat of such condition is steadily and surely grown, and is conducive to tiller, restrain the growth of seedlings; Wheat risesAfter one's death, for it is steadily and surely grown, increase effective 22 tiller left and right, from December 1 to ten days on the 22nd in,Canopy temperature is controlled at and is the highlyest no more than 15 DEG C, and night is minimum is no less than 10 DEG C, and mean daily temperature is 12 DEG C,December 22, the survey showed that, and average every strain increase by 27 left and right of tillering increase when cutting seedling and tiller 22Individual left and right, for striving for that more spike number lays good basis.
Above-mentioned canopy planted agent increases illumination and refers to: wheat is long-day self pollination crop, especially stands up after jointingNeeds to illumination are more urgent, in December 22 to February 27 64 days of wheat, in canopy, pacifyDress fluorescent lamp, to increase illumination, installs a 40W fluorescent lamp for general every 60 square metres, and fluorescent tube is apart from groundTwo meters of left and right, turn on light 6 of every afternoons to next day 8 a.m. turn off the light, increase illumination 14 hours.
The above-mentioned stem elongation stage refers to: December 23, wheat entered the jointing stage, lasted 34 days, in order to strive for moreWhen many, tiller into fringe, the temperature in booth is controlled at and is the highlyest no more than 25 DEG C, and night is minimum is no less than 15 DEG C,Mean daily temperature, 20 DEG C of left and right, is conducive to individual plant and grows stalwartness, tillers neat, and pole is stood upright to fall, logicalWind printing opacity is good, for high yield is established good basis.
Above-mentioned heading-filling stage refers to: removed wheat on January 26 and start heading for No. 7, in order to accelerate heading progressWith shortening grouting time, from January 27 to February 23, last 28 days, the temperature in booth is brought up to25-33 DEG C, to accelerate the accumulation of dry in seed, premature ripening, in order to catch up with proper seeding March 10Day need use, therefore from February 24, canopy temperature was brought up to 33-38 DEG C, transfer high temperature force ripe,Milking maturity latter stage (February 28) gathers in, and mass of 1000 kernel only has 35 grams, than 6 grams of left and right of normal reduction, singleStrain effectively becomes 24.1 of fringes, and average Grain number per spike 62.4,498 strains are total to 52.42 jin, a traditional unit of weight of sowing.
Above-mentioned spring sowing adds for referring to: in evening February 28,52.43 jin of seeds of results are dried to 2The moon carries out vernalization sowing to above-mentioned kind on 29th, and temperature on average 3-5 DEG C is now for No. 7 half because removing wheatWinter habit new strain of wheat, now sowing is removed wheat No. 7, can, naturally growing on one side in situation, enter on one sideRow vernalization.
Above-mentioned prevention and elimination of disease and pests refers to: because sunshine in booth is few, temperature is high, high humidity permeability is poor, wheatStand up, after jointing, powdery mildew and aphid damage easily occur, in each spray on February 24 40% triadimefon once, denseDegree occurs to prevent and treat powdery mildew for 50 milliliters every mu, finds that aphid damage strain rate is 29%, 23 on December 24Daily 5000 times of bromine oxygen chrysanthemum ester liquids all spray one time.
Above-mentioned wheat has used change control cultivation technique to refer in breeding: wheat enforcementization control cultivation can regulate and control plantGrow, strengthen its anti-adversity ability, promote kipeming high yield, stand up the phase at wheat, every mu spray 200ppm30 kilograms of paclobutrazol solution, can make plant downgrade, lodging tolerance is strong, and can doublely control wheat powdery mildew andImprove the absorption rate to nitrogen of plant, help strong plain 15-20ml in every mu of use of wheat during jointing stage, be watered50-60 kilogram of foliage-spray, can suppress to save Shen long, sprays 2-3 time altogether between booting-pustulation period, eachInterval 7-8 days, can improve 2.2 grams of mass of 1000 kernel, volume increase 10.6%, and can promote filling speed, make seedFull, ripen in advance 3-5 days.
This kind is adapted at cinnamon soil, brunisolic soil, husky black earth and Jinan 17 (former code name 924142 growing areas)With similar ecologic planting, or plant under more than 350 kilograms high fertilizer and water conditions in average yield per mu, in Shandong ProvinceBe the 25-10 month in September 10 sowing time, or sowing when 18-16 DEG C of daily means temperature, and every mu by kindAmount 6-8 kilogram, reduce or increase application rate sooner or later according to sowing, sowing line-spacing 18-20 centimetre, sowingFront applying organic manure, nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer will be used in conjunction with, and water and more freeze water according to water content before soil year,Period of seedling establishment is strengthened intertillage and is drawn hoe, will be according to the growing state management of wheat after jointing, and the middle and later periods will prevent eliminating aphisWith other disease and pest.
Through testing for many years acquisition, be suitable for that No. 7 regions of wheat or environmental condition are removed in plantation and cultivation technique is wantedPoint:
(1) removing wheat is for No. 7 branch of the ear of grain class shape, single fringe spikelet number 30-52, and Grain number per spike 55-160 grain,Different because of fertilizer and water condition, seed median size, is applicable to the medium or medium above rich water soil cultivation of large area.Show through our breeding and culturing test for many years: per mu yield 400-550 kilogram under medium fertilizer and water condition, than motherOriginally remove No. 4 volume increase of wheat more than 15%, show late-maturing 2 days, contrast volume increase is more than 11.2%. At high fertilizer and water conditionLower per mu yield 542-650 kilogram, removes No. 4 volume increase 17.1% of wheat than female parent, shows late-maturing about 1 day.
(2) adaptable area: remove wheat and start just to adopt outskirt to add for the breeding of thin planting high power, to contract from adding generation No. 7The short breeding time limit. Because the artificial selection under different ecological condition forms its reaction difference to illumination length,The requirement of edaphic condition and liquid manure is planted at medium or medium above water and fertilizer condition. Removing after No. 7 incubations of wheat,In order to accelerate seminal propagation, since 2000 in Pingyuan County, Shandong, Heng Tai county, Lijin County, Hebei provinceThe areas such as Jing County, Qing Lan county add repeatedly for high power breeding, no matter in irrigated land, nonirrigated farmland, fertile growingWell, prove that it has adaptability widely.
(3) remove the cultivation main points of wheat No. 7: this kind is adapted at cinnamon soil, brown earth, sand black earth, sandy loam districtPlantation, sowing time is at the sowing during at 18-16 DEG C of 2510 months 5 days September or mean temperature, sowing rowApart from 18-20 centimetre, mu sowing 5-6 kilogram, according to sowing minimizing sooner or later or strengthening application rate, before yearEvery mu of Basic Seedling amount is 8-10 ten thousand strains, wants applying organic manure, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micro-fertile cooperation to make before sowingWith. Water according to the water content before soil year the water of surviving the winter, impose urea, period of seedling establishment in conjunction with watering the water of turning green springStrengthen drawing hoe, will be according to the growing state management of wheat, middle and later periods prevention and elimination of disease and pests after jointing.
Claims (4)
1. remove No. 7 wheat hybridizing breedings of wheat and a propagation method, it is characterized in that,Comprise the following steps:
(1) Selection parent
Select ramiform wheat to remove wheat No. 4 as female parent, ramiform wheat is removed wheat and is done for No. 6Male parent is carried out sexual hybridization; Female parent selects robust plant Zhu Miho, only stays its top 8-16Individual small ear, only stays two supermature 2 little Hua of base portion on each small ear;
(2) emasculation, pollination
Flower pesticide in every little Hua of above-mentioned female parent is once removed, put immediately paper bag noteThe bright maternal name of an article and emasculation date, column cap maturation after 1-4 days, pollination, after pollination,Put immediately paper bag and indicate father, the maternal name of an article and pollination date, 18-21 days after pollinationStrip rataria cultured in vitro, it is carried out to adding generation and system selection;
(3) adding generation and system are selected
Winter booth, carry out vernalization treatment with refrigerator summer, through repeatedly seed selection,On the basis in two generations, cultivated comprehensive all good ramiform hybrid wheat new varieties--remove wheat No. 7, described in remove wheat and there is following characteristic No. 7: in late-maturing, the power of emergingBy force, rate of tillering panicle is high, and semi-winterness is turned green early, and seedling partly crawls, and root system is sent outReach, growing power and winter resistance are strong, anti-three rust, banded sclerotial blight, gently feel powdery mildew and redMildew; Plant type half is compact, and appearance is good, and leaf green, has tragus at auricle white,Bar maturation alive, cane wax, before blooming while going out fringe, fringe and plant are homochromy, Cheng SuiRate is high, and cane is hard, and anti-fall hot-dry wind tolerance, when blooming after heading, first by fringeMiddle and upper part small ear starts, and then upwards, downwards, basal spikelet is bloomed the latest, toolHave branch of the ear of grain floriferousness, yield potential is large, and stable high yield is good, Grain number per spike 80-145, different because of ground soil fertility condition, the degree of lip-rounding is medium, and the Huang Xinghao that falls is averagePer mu yield is more than 650 kilograms.
2. one according to claim 1 is removed No. 7 wheat hybridizing breedings of wheat and breeding sideMethod, is characterized in that, the described Selection parent of step (1) refers to: in hybrid strain gardenMiddle selection removes that wheat is cooked female parent for No. 4, ramiform wheat is removed wheat and done male parent No. 6, and maternalRemove wheat and will select robust plant No. 4, just extracted the tassel of leaf sheath out, Xuan Zhu Miho, first cuts offMaternal tassel is grown slower small ear up and down, then the awn of wheat is cut, and only stays middle and upper part10 left and right of small ear, 5 on one side, then the little Hua in the middle of each small ear staying is usedTweezers are removed, and each small ear only stays base portion to grow good two little Hua.
3. one according to claim 1 is removed No. 7 wheat hybridizing breedings of wheat and breeding sideMethod, is characterized in that, the described adding generation method of above-mentioned steps (3) is: 1. transplant:Grasp the suitable time that wheat seeding is transplanted, removing wheat is Semi-winter wheat kind No. 7, in 9Month field seeding on the 22nd, late October digs out wheat seeding and is transplanted in booth, single when transplantingStrain is not tillered 5 left and right not etc., 20 centimetres of line-spacings, and 15 centimetres of spacing in the rows, complete vernalization rankDuan Fayu, palpus 21-30 days, requires temperature 2-6 DEG C, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time; 2. slowThe seedling stage: because root is injured, have a recovery stage after cultivation seedling, canopy temperature is whiteIt is the highest is no more than 10 DEG C, is not less than 8 DEG C night, and be advisable in humidity 80% left and right, 7 daysBy the slow seedling stage; 3. stand up the stage: wheat delays after seedling, canopy temperature in 9 daysThe highlyest by day be no more than 15 DEG C, be not less than 8 DEG C night, mean temperature is 12 DEG C,Humidity is 75% left and right; Enter in front ten days of stem elongation stage, canopy temperature is controlled atDaytime is the highest is no more than 15 DEG C, is not less than 10 DEG C night, and mean daily temperature is 12 DEG C,Average every strain ratio increases by 27 left and right of tillering while planting seedling, increases illumination in canopy; 4. pull out branchThe joint stage: the temperature in booth is controlled at and is the highlyest no more than 15 DEG C, and mean daily temperature exists20 DEG C of left and right, night is minimum is no less than 15 DEG C; Start the cultivation technique of useization control in time;5. heading-filling stage: the temperature in booth is brought up to 25-33 DEG C, and short its done sth. in advanceMaturation, heading after canopy temperature bring up to 33-38 DEG C, transfer high temperature force ripe, promoteIts premature ripening, in milking maturity harvesting in latter stage.
4. one according to claim 3 is removed No. 7 wheat hybridizing breedings of wheat and breeding sideMethod, is characterized in that, increases illumination and refer in described canopy: wheat is to award from flower the long-dayPowder crop, more urgent to the needs of illumination after the jointing of especially standing up, the wheat rank of standing upSection, to ripening period, is installed fluorescent lamp in canopy, to increase illumination, and every 60 square metresA 40W fluorescent lamp is installed, and fluorescent tube is apart from left and right, two meters, ground, opens 6 of every afternoonsLamp to next day 8 a.m. turn off the light, increase illumination 14 hours.
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| CN104855279A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2015-08-26 | 河南丰田种业有限公司 | Cross breeding method for wheat |
| CN105684689B (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2018-05-25 | 广东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of quick method for adding generation of 1 year four seville orange flower life |
| CN107439173A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2017-12-08 | 山东省潍坊市农业科学院 | Wheat winter warm type day-light greenhouse adds for method |
| CN106386460A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-02-15 | 乐陵市弭科农小麦研究所 | A Micai branch type colorized wheat cross-breeding and breeding method |
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| CN111149686B (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2022-10-04 | 张国英 | Crossbreeding and breeding method of English 1 wheat |
| CN114830976A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-08-02 | 宿迁中江种业有限公司 | Scientific fertilizing and planting method for disease-resistant eurytopic wheat |
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