CN110089364A - A method of shortening dragon fruit crossbreeding process - Google Patents
A method of shortening dragon fruit crossbreeding process Download PDFInfo
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- CN110089364A CN110089364A CN201910377751.8A CN201910377751A CN110089364A CN 110089364 A CN110089364 A CN 110089364A CN 201910377751 A CN201910377751 A CN 201910377751A CN 110089364 A CN110089364 A CN 110089364A
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- dragon fruit
- fruit
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- scion
- seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of methods for shortening dragon fruit crossbreeding process, comprising: the formulation of breeding objective, apolegamy parent, pollen collection and storage, emasculation, hybridize, obtain hybrid seed, sowing, the production of scion, high position grafting, the selecting and remain and cultivate of fruitful branch, bloom and result etc. operates.Whole process time-consuming about 2 years, 2-3 is shortened than dragon fruit conventional hybridization breeding time, substantially reduces dragon fruit crossbreeding process.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to breeding fields, and in particular to a method of shorten dragon fruit crossbreeding process.
Background technique
Dragon fruit [Hylocereus undatus spp.] also known as Hylocereus undatus, pitaya fruit, Qing Renguo, sesame fruit etc. are
The succulent plant of perennial the climbing up by holding on to property of Cactaceae (Cactaceae) hylocereus category (Hylocereus undatus) belongs to heat
Band, subtropical fruit tree, tropical rain forest and desert region originating from Central America, artificial cultivation spread Central America, Israel, get over
The tropical area of the country such as south, Thailand, U.S. cultivates existing decades history in China Taiwan, develops about 2.5 ten thousand mu of area,
China's Mainland is risen on Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Fujian and other places over the past decade, develops about 750,000 mu of area, hair
It is powerful to open up the impetus, has a extensive future.
Dragon fruit is pyrophilous, is afraid of frost, and optimum growth temperature is 25~35 DEG C, and temperature is lower than 8 DEG C or higher than 38 DEG C
It will stop growing, unfavorable environment temperature is resisted into of short duration suspend mode；The excessively high formation that can inhibit bud of temperature, causes not
It blooms；And if 5 DEG C of low temperature last longers below may cause freeze injury, young shoot, spray, even Partial mature branch all possibility
Frost bitten is freezed to death, and -2 DEG C of plant freeze injuries are serious, and -4 DEG C of plant freeze to death.There is the regional culture of frost cold damage not only easily occur (to freeze
Evil), fruit quality is also influenced, needs facility plastic greenhouse can safe overwintering.
Dragon fruit is heliophile, and good illumination is conducive to the growth of plant and the raising of fruit quality.Dragon fruit pair
Growing environment has very strong adaptability；Summer burning sun irradiation time is too long, if the temperature of dragon fruit bough accumulation cannot dissipate
Hair, may result in and burn.Therefore, can moderately shade in the strong area plantation dragon fruit of sunlight irradiation, degree of shading is no more than
50% can promote the growth of dragon fruit.
Dragon fruit is the whiplike class plant of fleshy stem, belongs to fast-growing type, early fruiting character, early high yield, has multiple batches of yield positive results
Fruit tree, in Fujian Province Zhangzhou Area, the dragon fruit 1 year 6-12 batch that can yield positive results, healthy and strong plantation in cuttage seeding March is led to
It crosses and manages with delicacy, the second half year will enter test manufacture, and most of plant starts to yield positive results, and second year starts to go into operation, and per mu yield can
Up to 1000-1500kg, third year enters the best fruiting period, and per mu yield is up to 2500-4000kg.
Traditional dragon fruit crossbreeding work mainly carries out under outdoor growing environment, by the male parent of dragon fruit with
Hybridization of female parent obtains allocarpy seed, by the sowing of dragon fruit seed, nursery, field planting, normal cultivation management, yields positive results, plants
Strain botanical character and biological character observation selection are (including Agronomic characteristic, the botanical character of each organ, high yield
Property, resistance, fruit appearance quality, fruit interior quality, phase of yielding positive results etc.), preliminary screening provides the son of superiority shape
A generation (F1) plant, whole process need the 4-5 year, take a long time.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods for shortening dragon fruit crossbreeding process, to solve dragon fruit hybridization
The long problem of breeding time.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A method of shortening dragon fruit crossbreeding process, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) formulation of breeding objective: according to the demand of dragon fruit production and market, dragon fruit crossbreeding target is formulated；
(2) parent is matched: according to dragon fruit crossbreeding target, reasonable selection male parent and female parent；
(3) it the collection and storage of pollen: in the dusk that male parent dragon fruit will bloom tonight, breaks male parent dragon fruit petal into two with one's hands, uses
Tweezers remove dragon fruit anther, are placed on template, under the irradiation of light, anther are allowed to pop pollen, collect pollen in wide-mouth
In bottle, close the lid, it is labelled, it is placed in 5 DEG C or so of refrigerator and temporarily saves for the hybridization of that night dragon fruit；
(4) emasculation: first 3 days for will blooming in maternal dragon fruit flower break petal into two with one's hands, remove stamen anther, sulfuric acid with tweezers
Paper bag entangles flower, and it is spare that small iron wire tightens sack；
(5) hybridize: in the evening 8:00-10:00 that maternal dragon fruit is bloomed, removing maternal dragon fruit bagging, with writing brush by male parent
Dragon fruit pollen is awarded on the filigree on maternal dragon fruit flower column cap, and Pollination Fertilization is completed, and is managed with delicacy by production, is obtained
Filial generation ripening fruits；
(6) obtain hybrid seed: dragon fruit belongs to berry, with the pulp of gauze package peeling, rubs, takes out repeatedly from fruit
The colloid and pulp impurity of the surface of the seed are cleaned in seed, cleaning, dry surface moisture in the cool, are stored spare；
(7) it sows: dragon fruit seed being broadcast in the seed tray for filling loose matrix, one seed of every lattice covers a thin layer base
Matter, moisturizing of watering, by 8 months manage with delicacy, dragon fruit seedling grew the wide 6-8cm of supreme 15cm or more, branch；
(8) production of scion: a bit of long 5cm among the aging trunk of seedling is removed with secateurs, the stem of width 6-8cm (there are 3-5 clumps
Thorn), with sharp blade equating clip, it is placed on shady place and is used as scion；
(9) high position grafting: the plant for choosing the upper growing way stalwartness of dragon fruit production cuts off master at trunk vertical range ground 1m
It is dry, 0.5cm thickness is pruned at dragon fruit trunk branch clip trigone edge below with sharp blade, and remove under clip and own
Bud thorn, and equating top clip, on one side by scion snap trunk, with transparent adhesive tape by three faces in three faces of scion and stock
Cling fixation, put on top transparent plastic bag (there is 5-8 air vent on polybag periphery), opening ventilation, after 3 months, scion and
Stock healing, is firmly stuck together, and removes polybag；
(10) fruitful branch being selected and remain and cultivating: selecting and remain 3 tender shoots grown in scion, growing space is evenly distributed, and has sunlight photograph
Penetrate abundance, other tender shoots of erasing, when spray it is long to 30cm when, wipe out top, by meticulous culture in 6 months, spray was old
It is ripe, have the condition of bud differentiation；
(11) bloom and result: when ambient lighting and temperature are suitable for, after 3 months, dragon fruit fruitful branch shows bud, when bud is long
When degree reaches 5cm, bud is removed, every root knot fruit branch leaves behind 2 healthy and strong buds, Xie Huahou the 5th day, pulls out remaining petal,
Intermediate column tube is left, Xie Huahou the 10th day, every root knot fruit branch selected and remain 1 healthy and strong young fruit, another was removed, to dragon fruit fruit
Real maturation, i.e. first filial generation (F1) fruit, while dragon fruit plant botanical character and biological character during the growth process are observed,
By comparing the plant selected close to dragon fruit breeding objective.
(12) dragon fruit growing environment of the invention is carried out in intelligent temperature control greenhouse, and long-term ambient air temperature is 15
DEG C -38 DEG C, in winter with Low Temperature in Spring phase (i.e. late April late November to next year), pass through light-supplementing system night continuous lamp and shine
Equal photoinductions technical measures, may be implemented dragon fruit plant and uninterruptedly yield positive results throughout the year.
(8)-(12) and traditional breeding method in breeding step are different, have novelty.Whole process time-consuming about 2 years, than fire
Imperial fruit conventional hybridization breeding time shortens 2-3, substantially reduces dragon fruit crossbreeding process.
The advantages of the invention patent is: (1) time-consuming short, crossbreeding is high-efficient, can filter out in a short time close to fire
First filial generation (F1) plant of imperial fruit crossbreeding target, substantially reduces dragon fruit crossbreeding process.(2) intelligent Greenhouse
With the utilization of photo-induction waveguide technology, so that dragon fruit plant is realized continuous growth free of discontinuities, make uninterruptedly to yield positive results into throughout the year
For reality.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that high position grafting issues shoot figure；
Fig. 2 is intelligent temperature control greenhouse；
Fig. 3 is night photo-induction guiding systems.
Specific embodiment
To make the foregoing features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, special embodiment below elaborates.This hair
Bright method is conventional method in that art unless otherwise specified.
Embodiment 1
A method of shortening dragon fruit crossbreeding process, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) formulation of breeding objective: according to the demand of dragon fruit production and market, dragon fruit crossbreeding target is formulated；
(2) parent is matched: according to dragon fruit crossbreeding target, reasonable selection male parent and female parent；
(3) it the collection and storage of pollen: in the dusk that male parent dragon fruit will bloom tonight, breaks male parent dragon fruit petal into two with one's hands, uses
Tweezers remove dragon fruit anther, are placed on template, under the irradiation of light, anther are allowed to pop pollen, collect pollen in wide-mouth
In bottle, close the lid, it is labelled, it is placed in 5 DEG C or so of refrigerator and temporarily saves for the hybridization of that night dragon fruit；
(4) emasculation: first 3 days for will blooming in maternal dragon fruit flower break petal into two with one's hands, remove stamen anther, sulfuric acid with tweezers
Paper bag entangles flower, and it is spare that small iron wire tightens sack；
(5) hybridize: in the evening 8:00-10:00 that maternal dragon fruit is bloomed, removing maternal dragon fruit bagging, with writing brush by male parent
Dragon fruit pollen is awarded on the filigree on maternal dragon fruit flower column cap, and Pollination Fertilization is completed, and is managed with delicacy by production, is obtained
Filial generation ripening fruits；
(6) obtain hybrid seed: dragon fruit belongs to berry, with the pulp of gauze package peeling, rubs, takes out repeatedly from fruit
The colloid and pulp impurity of the surface of the seed are cleaned in seed, cleaning, dry surface moisture in the cool, are stored spare；
(7) it sows: dragon fruit seed being broadcast in the seed tray for filling loose matrix, one seed of every lattice covers a thin layer base
Matter, moisturizing of watering, by 8 months manage with delicacy, dragon fruit seedling grew the wide 6-8cm of supreme 15cm or more, branch；
(8) production of scion: a bit of long 5cm among the aging trunk of seedling is removed with secateurs, the stem of width 6-8cm (there are 3-5 clumps
Thorn), with sharp blade equating clip, it is placed on shady place and is used as scion；
(9) high position grafting: the plant for choosing the upper growing way stalwartness of dragon fruit production cuts off master at trunk vertical range ground 1m
It is dry, 0.5cm thickness is pruned at the stupefied edge of dragon fruit trunk branch clip below three with sharp blade, and remove under clip and own
Bud thorn, and equating top clip, on one side by scion snap trunk, with transparent adhesive tape by three faces in three faces of scion and stock
Cling fixation, put on top transparent plastic bag (there is 5-8 air vent on polybag periphery), opening ventilation, after 3 months, scion and
Stock healing, is firmly stuck together, and removes polybag；
(10) fruitful branch being selected and remain and cultivating: selecting and remain 3 tender shoots grown in scion, growing space is evenly distributed, and has sunlight photograph
Penetrate abundance, other tender shoots of erasing, when spray it is long to 30cm when, wipe out top, by meticulous culture in 6 months, spray was old
It is ripe, have the condition of bud differentiation；
(11) bloom and result: when ambient lighting and temperature are suitable for, after 3 months, dragon fruit fruitful branch shows bud, when bud is long
When degree reaches 5cm, bud is removed, every root knot fruit branch leaves behind 2 healthy and strong buds, Xie Huahou the 5th day, pulls out remaining petal,
Intermediate column tube is left, Xie Huahou the 10th day, every root knot fruit branch selected and remain 1 healthy and strong young fruit, removes another, in summer, thanked
35 days flue fruits of Hua Hou are mature, i.e. first filial generation (F1) fruit, while observing dragon fruit plant plant during the growth process
Feature and biological character are learned, by comparing the plant selected close to dragon fruit breeding objective.
(12) dragon fruit growing environment of the invention is carried out in intelligent temperature control greenhouse, and long-term ambient air temperature is 15
DEG C -38 DEG C, in winter with Low Temperature in Spring phase (i.e. late April late November to next year), pass through light-supplementing system night continuous lamp and shine
Equal photoinductions technical measures, may be implemented dragon fruit plant and uninterruptedly yield positive results throughout the year.
(8)-(12) and traditional breeding method in breeding step are different, have novelty.Whole process time-consuming about 2 years, than fire
Imperial fruit conventional hybridization breeding time shortens 2-3, substantially reduces dragon fruit crossbreeding process.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equivalent changes done according to scope of the present invention patent with
Modification, is all covered by the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of method for shortening dragon fruit crossbreeding process, which comprises the following steps:
(1) formulation of breeding objective: according to the demand of dragon fruit production and market, dragon fruit crossbreeding target is formulated；
(2) parent is matched: according to dragon fruit crossbreeding target, reasonable selection male parent and female parent；
(3) it the collection and storage of pollen: in the dusk that male parent dragon fruit will bloom, breaks male parent dragon fruit petal into two with one's hands, uses tweezers
Dragon fruit anther is removed, is placed on template, under the irradiation of light, anther is allowed to pop pollen, collects pollen in wide-mouth bottle,
It closes the lid, it is labelled, it is placed in 5 DEG C or so of refrigerator and temporarily saves for the hybridization of that night dragon fruit；
(4) emasculation: first 3 days for will blooming in maternal dragon fruit flower break petal into two with one's hands, remove stamen anther, sulfuric acid with tweezers
Paper bag entangles flower, and it is spare that small iron wire tightens sack；
(5) hybridize: in the evening 8:00-10:00 that maternal dragon fruit is bloomed, removing maternal dragon fruit bagging, with writing brush by male parent
Dragon fruit pollen is awarded on the filigree on maternal dragon fruit flower column cap, and Pollination Fertilization is completed, and is managed with delicacy by production, is obtained
Filial generation ripening fruits；
(6) obtain hybrid seed: dragon fruit belongs to berry, with the pulp of gauze package peeling, rubs, takes out repeatedly from fruit
The colloid and pulp impurity of the surface of the seed are cleaned in seed, cleaning, dry surface moisture in the cool, are stored spare；
(7) it sows: dragon fruit seed being broadcast in the seed tray for filling loose matrix, one seed of every lattice covers a thin layer base
Matter, moisturizing of watering, by 8 months manage with delicacy, dragon fruit seedling grew the wide 6-8cm of supreme 15cm or more, branch；
(8) production of scion: the stem of a bit of long 5cm, width 6-8cm among the aging trunk of seedling are removed with secateurs, there are 3-5 clumps
Thorn, with sharp blade equating clip, is placed on shady place and is used as scion；
(9) high position grafting: the plant for choosing the upper growing way stalwartness of dragon fruit production cuts off master at trunk vertical range ground 1m
It is dry, 0.5cm thickness is pruned at dragon fruit trunk branch clip trigone edge below with sharp blade, and remove under clip and own
Bud thorn, and equating top clip, on one side by scion snap trunk, with transparent adhesive tape by three faces in three faces of scion and stock
Fixation is clinged, transparent plastic bag is put on top, there is 5-8 air vent on polybag periphery, and opening is ventilated, after 3 months, scion and anvil
Wood healing, is firmly stuck together, and removes polybag；
(10) fruitful branch being selected and remain and cultivating: selecting and remain 3 tender shoots grown in scion, growing space is evenly distributed, and has sunlight photograph
Penetrate abundance, other tender shoots of erasing, when spray it is long to 30cm when, wipe out top, by meticulous culture in 6 months, spray was old
It is ripe, have the condition of bud differentiation；
(11) bloom and result: when ambient lighting and temperature are suitable for, after 3 months, dragon fruit fruitful branch shows bud, when bud is long
When degree reaches 5cm, bud is removed, every root knot fruit branch leaves behind 2 healthy and strong buds, Xie Huahou the 5th day, pulls out remaining petal,
Intermediate column tube is left, Xie Huahou the 10th day, every root knot fruit branch selected and remain 1 healthy and strong young fruit, another was removed, to dragon fruit fruit
Real maturation, i.e. first filial generation fruit, while dragon fruit plant botanical character and biological character during the growth process are observed, pass through
Compare the plant selected close to dragon fruit breeding objective.
2. a kind of method for shortening dragon fruit crossbreeding process according to claim 1, which is characterized in that dragon fruit is raw
Long environment is carried out in intelligent temperature control greenhouse, long-term ambient air temperature at 15 DEG C -38 DEG C, in winter with the Low Temperature in Spring phase, lead to
The night photoinduction technical measures of light-supplementing system are crossed, realize that dragon fruit plant uninterruptedly yields positive results throughout the year.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110352732A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-10-22 | 厦门通秴科技股份有限公司 | A kind of dragon fruit promotees flower increasing of quality and production LED light spectrum formula and its device and application |
| CN112314433A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-02-05 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Dragon fruit crossbreeding and seedling cultivation method |
| CN115053800A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-09-16 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Method and device for cross pollination of pitaya |
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