CN102511384A - Greenhouse pollination hybridization control method for casuarina - Google Patents
Greenhouse pollination hybridization control method for casuarina Download PDFInfo
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- CN102511384A CN102511384A CN2011104603343A CN201110460334A CN102511384A CN 102511384 A CN102511384 A CN 102511384A CN 2011104603343 A CN2011104603343 A CN 2011104603343A CN 201110460334 A CN201110460334 A CN 201110460334A CN 102511384 A CN102511384 A CN 102511384A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a greenhouse pollination hybridization control method for casuarina. The method comprises the steps as follows: the male parent and the female parent of casuarina are grafted to obtain dwarfing hybridization parent plants; a pollination control chamber is built; and after blooming, the method of factorial mating is adopted to ensure that dwarfing hybridization parent plants of different types are pollinated and hybridized freely inter- or intra-species and are moved out from the pollination control chamber to go on growing after female flowers fade completely, so that the hybridization filial generation can be obtained. According to the invention, through tree selection of the dwarfing casuarina parent plants and pollination control of the pollination control chamber, the problems of high cost and low security caused by pollen collection or frame building pollination of large trees in the field can be avoided, and operability of hybridization pollination can be improved; besides, huge material cost and labor capacity of pollen collection and stage, female flower bagging, artificial pollination and the like in the traditional cross breeding can be saved, the detect of very low fruit setting rate and fruiting rate caused by adopting the conventional bagging pollination hybridization method can be overcome, wherein the fruit setting can reach over 90% and the fruiting rate can reach over 50%, the yield of hybridization seeds of casuarina can be increased greatly, and the cross-breeding efficiency can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the forest genetics field, specifically, the invention relates to a kind of greenhouse controlled pollination cross method of horsetail beefwood seeds.
Background technology
Horsetail beefwood is the seeds that the torrid zone, the whole world and subtropical zone have important ecology, economic and social benefit.The horsetail beefwood seeds have wind resistance, salt tolerant alkali, drought-resistant barren, characteristic such as growth is fast, rotation is short; In the torrid zone, the whole world and subtropical zone all is the chief species of construction coast protection forest; Also be one of chief species of the industrial timberland in coastal area, field safeguarding forest and difficult on the spot revegetation, its timber can be used for producing purposes such as paper pulp, sheet material, sawn timber and fire wood.At present; China's horsetail beefwood forest plantation cultivated area has reached more than 30 ten thousand hectares; It is playing irreplaceable effect aspect the checking winds and fixing drifting sand of Coastal Areas of South China, the revegetation; With the horsetail beefwood is " green Great Wall " that main The South China coastal shelter forest is described as The South China coastal, the safety of life and property of protecting the people on more than 6000 kilometer coastline of The South China coastal.
Yet; The horsetail beefwood new varieties lack, the genetic diversity of horsetail beefwood forest plantation is single is the huge difficult problem that horsetail beefwood coast protection forest and industrial timberland construction face; The long-term single clone of large-area applications makes horsetail beefwood forest plantation productivity constantly descend; Old and feeble poor efficiency standing forest increases, and damage by disease and insect is serious, and difficulty renovates.Carry out the horsetail beefwood crossbreeding, the good new varieties of initiative horsetail beefwood are the best approaches that solve this difficult problem.Through crossbreeding can not of the same race or plant in good characteristic combine, create the good new varieties that can be used for production application.
Traditional forest hybridization technique is this select tree of father and mother that selection has objective trait (speed life, resistance etc.); Gather male parent select tree pollen storage earlier, before female parent is bloomed, female flower is castrated bagging then, the open back of female flower utilizes the pollen of having collected to carry out the Artificial Control pollination; Pluck bagging after pollinating successfully; Gather in the crops seed after the hybrid seed maturation, carry out the filial generation genetic test after growing seedlings in the open air, the filial generation of from filial generation, selecting to meet objective trait is carried out asxualization and is applied; Or the performance that utilizes hybrid generation oppositely selects the high father and mother parent of coordinate force, sets up the hybrid seed garden and produces hybrid seed and be used for large-scale afforestation and use.
But the horsetail beefwood tree height that reaches after the physiological ripening is big; Be that the pollination of pollen collection or bagging is all extremely difficult and dangerous; The method cost of select tree built pollination commonly used is very high, and complex environment is prone to down destroyed by frequent typhoon or people and animals in the open air, and safety is low; Under the open-air open-air environment, horsetail beefwood pollen is subject to the flushing of rainwater or dew and influences pollination efficiency; Carry out pollen collection storage, female flower bagging and artificial pollination etc. and all need pay the huge material cost and the amount of labour; In addition; Result of the test shows, because hot and humid environment is unfavorable for horsetail beefwood pollen preservation vigor in the bagging, traditional bagging pollination cross method has caused the low-down percentage of fertile fruit (0-22.6% of horsetail beefwood hybrid combination; Average 7.0%) and ripening rate (0.6%-19.6%, average 8.1%).These factors make all that traditional cross breeding method is used in that horsetail beefwood tree goes up that cost is high, efficient is low, poor stability and poor operability.
Therefore; Study a kind of forest crossbreeding technology that can be used for low cost, high efficiency and the high security of horsetail beefwood seeds; To solving the difficult problem that China horsetail beefwood forest plantation is faced, the ecology, the economic and social benefit that improve China horsetail beefwood forest plantation are of great importance.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the drawback of cause when traditional forest crossbreeding technology is applied in the horsetail beefwood crossbreeding expensive, inefficient, low-security and operating difficulties; The new controlled pollination cross method of a kind of horsetail beefwood is provided, and this method cost is low, efficient is high, safe, workable.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the present invention has taked following technical scheme:
The greenhouse controlled pollination cross method of a kind of horsetail beefwood may further comprise the steps:
(1) with horsetail beefwood male parent, maternal ripe branch grafting to the horsetail beefwood rootstock seedling, be transplanted in the flowerpot after grafting becomes to live and grow the hybrid strain that obtains downgrading;
(2) set up the controlled pollination chamber with the method for building common greenhouse;
(3) spring next year; Before the hybrid strain of downgrading is about to bloom that its immigration controlled pollination is indoor; After blooming, adopt factorial mating method, make hybrid strain open pollination hybridization between planting or in planting of dwarfing not of the same race; Treat to shift out the continued growth of controlled pollination chamber after female flower withers fully, obtain hybrid generation.
Preferably, horsetail beefwood rootstock seedling described in the step (1) is that 2 years unboiled water are trained seedling or seed seedling.The size of 2 years unboiled water training seedling or seed seedling is about 1cm, just is the size that is fit to carry out grafting, and it is the highest to carry out graft survival rate with this big or small stock.
Preferably, the length and width height of single controlled pollination chamber is 3 * 3 * 2m described in the step (2).10 left and right sides parents' controlled pollination can be satisfied in the controlled pollination chamber of size about 3 * 3 * 2m, and De Taigaotai is in the pollination chamber, and greatly then cost is too high.
Compared with prior art, the present technique invention has the following advantages:
(1) the present invention has avoided the expensive and low-security that pollen is collected or the built pollination causes of open-air big tree through downgrading horsetail beefwood parent select tree and the controlled pollination of controlled pollination chamber, has improved the operability of hybridization pollination; The huge material cost and the amount of labour of pollen collection storage, female flower bagging and artificial pollination etc. in the conventional hybridization breeding have been saved; Very low percentage of fertile fruit and ripening rate that conventional bagging pollination cross method causes have also been overcome; Can obtain the ripening rate more than the percentage of fertile fruit and 50% more than 90%; Increase the output of horsetail beefwood hybrid seed greatly, improved crossbreeding efficient;
(2) the present invention can the local cultivation management of concentrating such as transplant to the nursery with hybrid strain through downgrading the parent select tree, is convenient to florescence observation, control and the hybrid seed results etc. of hybrid strain, improves the efficiency of management;
(3) cross method of the present invention also can be applicable to other biological and learns characteristic and hybridize with the controlled pollination of the similar seeds of horsetail beefwood; Like dioecism seeds, monoecism but self-sterility seeds, monoecism but spend flowering asynchronism seeds etc. certainly reduce forest controlled pollination hybridization cost, raise the efficiency and safety.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the floor map of controlled pollination technology in the horsetail beefwood greenhouse controlled pollination cross method of embodiments of the invention 1; Wherein, ♀ representes female parent and the male parent of hybrid strain respectively with
; Different female parent or the male parents of digitized representation that controlled pollination is indoor, centre are maternal, are male parent on every side.
Embodiment
Specify the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment.
The method of the greenhouse controlled pollination hybridization of embodiment 1 horsetail beefwood of the present invention
Comprise following concrete steps:
(1) downgrades the horsetail beefwood hybrid strain
The ripe branch of gathering horsetail beefwood male parent and female parent is as scion, and 2 years unboiled water of being transplanted to nutritious bag in 3-4 month grafting in spring are trained on seedling or the seed seedling stock, is transplanted in the flowerpot after grafting becomes to live and grows, and reaches the purpose of downgrading hybrid strain; In this embodiment, the kind of four horsetail beefwoods has been downgraded in grafting, and the male and female parent who obtains downgrading is respectively brachyplast horsetail beefwood grafting, thick branch horsetail beefwood grafting, withe horsetail beefwood grafting and mountain region horsetail beefwood grafting.In actual crossbreeding work, the kind of horsetail beefwood can change with the kind number, and the parent who selects some to have objective trait according to actual needs downgrades.
(2) set up the controlled pollination chamber
Method with building common greenhouse is set up the controlled pollination chamber; Single controlled pollination chamber length and width height is about 3 * 3 * 2m; All there is independently door each chamber; The function of shading is arranged on the top, and can shade when sunlight is strong prevents that indoor temperature is too high, and the major function of controlled pollination chamber is to isolate the pollen contamination that foreign pollen is caused controlled pollination;
(3) hybridization
Male and female hybrid strain through after the grafting dwarfing just can bloom in spring next year in a large number.Before hybrid strain is about to bloom, it is moved into that controlled pollination is indoor to be isolated, make parent's female flower not receive the pollution of outdoor other horsetail beefwood pollen.The back employing factorial mating method of blooming lets the male and female hybrid strain in the indoor open pollination hybridization of controlled pollination; See also accompanying drawing 1, be provided with 10 controlled pollination chambers among the figure altogether, representative can be carried out 10 different maternal hybridization pollinations; 1 female parent of the digitized representation of each indoor centre of controlled pollination; Digital 1-7 around maternal representes to have 7 different male parents, and promptly there is 1 * 7 hybrid combination each chamber, and the quantity of male parent can increase and decrease according to actual needs; Have 10 chambers among Fig. 1,7 male parents in each chamber, expression can be carried out the controlled pollination hybridization of 70 hybrid combinations simultaneously.Treat that female flower withers the back fully and shifts out the continued growth of controlled pollination chamber to hybrid strain, can gather in the crops pedigree hybrid generation clearly behind the seed maturity by the time, be used for genetic test and analyze results of hybridization;
(4) hybrid generation applies
According to the mensuration result of hybrid generation, select the performance defect individual to carry out cloneization and apply.Simultaneously, can oppositely select the parent, select the high parent of coordinate force to set up hybrid seed garden seeding and be used to apply according to the filial generation performance.
Table 1 is the controlled pollination method that adopts embodiment 1, traditional bagging pollinating method and as the open pollination method of contrast, and the result aspect percentage of fertile fruit, set seeds number and ripening rate relatively.
Three kinds of pollinating method percentages of fertile fruit of table 1 horsetail beefwood, set seeds number and ripening rate comparison
Can find out from table 1, adopt the cross method of embodiment 1, horsetail beefwood is carried out controlled pollination, with traditional bagging pollinating method with compare better effects if aspect percentage of fertile fruit, set seeds number and ripening rate as the open pollination of contrast.
In the crossbreeding of reality, the kind of horsetail beefwood can change with the kind number, controlled pollination again after the parent who selects some to have objective trait according to actual needs downgrades, thus acquisition has the hybrid generation of objective trait.
More than be to the specifying of possible embodiments of the present invention, but this embodiment is not in order to limiting claim of the present invention, does not allly break away from equivalence of the present invention and implement or change, all should be contained in the claim of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the greenhouse controlled pollination cross method of a horsetail beefwood is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) with horsetail beefwood male parent, maternal ripe branch grafting to the horsetail beefwood rootstock seedling, be transplanted in the flowerpot after grafting becomes to live and grow the hybrid strain that obtains downgrading;
(2) set up the controlled pollination chamber with the method for building common greenhouse;
(3) spring next year; Before the hybrid strain of downgrading is about to bloom that its immigration controlled pollination is indoor; After blooming, adopt factorial mating method, make hybrid strain open pollination hybridization between planting or in planting of dwarfing not of the same race; Treat to shift out the continued growth of controlled pollination chamber after female flower withers fully, obtain hybrid generation.
2. the greenhouse controlled pollination cross method of horsetail beefwood according to claim 1 is characterized in that, horsetail beefwood rootstock seedling described in the step (1) is that 2 years unboiled water are trained seedling or seed seedling.
3. the greenhouse controlled pollination cross method of horsetail beefwood according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the length and width height of single controlled pollination chamber is 3 * 3 * 2m described in the step (2).
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103173363A (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2013-06-26 | 福建农林大学 | Phyllosticta strain promoting casuarina equisetifolia photosynthesis |
| CN103210833A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-07-24 | 吴文武 | Grafting hybridization improvement method |
| CN109168874A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2019-01-11 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | A kind of method that Abies ziyuanensis in two populations artificial pollination promotes Wild population seedlings regeneration |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101953301A (en) * | 2010-09-01 | 2011-01-26 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | Rooting method of casuarina equisetifolia sterile test-tube seedling |
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2011
- 2011-12-31 CN CN2011104603343A patent/CN102511384A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101953301A (en) * | 2010-09-01 | 2011-01-26 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | Rooting method of casuarina equisetifolia sterile test-tube seedling |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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| 仲崇禄等: "我国木麻黄种质资源引种与保存", 《林业科学研究》 * |
| 李秀明: "木麻黄嫁接技术和种间嫁接亲和力的研究", 《防护林科技》 * |
| 薛鹏: "桉树人工杂交技术研究", 《林业实用技术》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103210833A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-07-24 | 吴文武 | Grafting hybridization improvement method |
| CN103173363A (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2013-06-26 | 福建农林大学 | Phyllosticta strain promoting casuarina equisetifolia photosynthesis |
| CN109168874A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2019-01-11 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | A kind of method that Abies ziyuanensis in two populations artificial pollination promotes Wild population seedlings regeneration |
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Application publication date: 20120627 |