CN115812507A - Method for improving fruit setting rate and/or yield of Muya-Ge apricots - Google Patents
Method for improving fruit setting rate and/or yield of Muya-Ge apricots Download PDFInfo
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- 244000018633 Prunus armeniaca Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
- 235000009827 Prunus armeniaca Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 184
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 32
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000005094 fruit set Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 235000017337 Persicaria hydropiper Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011437 Amygdalus communis Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 235000014075 Juglans mandschurica Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001095388 Prunus x dasycarpa Species 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving fruit set percentage and/or yield of Prunus Armeniaca, and belongs to the technical field of apricot tree planting. According to the method, after the apricot with the black leaves and the late-maturing apricot or apricot mixed pollen is used for artificial pollination, the fruit setting rate of the apricot with the black leaves and the late-maturing apricot can be obviously improved, the fruit setting rate after the three kinds of pollen are used for pollination reaches 9.59%, 8.27% and 13.99% respectively, the fruit setting rate is improved by 7.5 times, 6.46 times and 10.9 times respectively compared with the fruit setting rate of commercial pollen (Jingtong brand pollen) pollination 1.28%, and the fruit setting rate and the yield of the apricot with the black leaves and the late-maturing apricot are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of apricot tree planting, and particularly relates to a method for improving fruit set percentage and/or yield of a Muya Kyoho.
Background
The Muya Kya Ge apricot is one of main apricot varieties cultivated in the Kashi region, is a fresh food and dry making dual-purpose variety, has excellent fresh food property and dry making property, and is a local characteristic apricot variety. The existing cultivation area of the prunus armeniaca in the karshi area is 10-12 ten thousand mu, and the prunus armeniaca is an important support column of the local forest and fruit industry. However, farmers who plant the Muya-Ge apricots know that although the flower volume of the tree is large, the natural fruit setting rate is extremely low, the flower and fruit fall easily, and the final yield per mu is only about 200kg, which seriously influences the economic benefit of planting the Muya-Ge apricots. In the traditional production of the Muyage apricot in Xinjiang area, the Saimaiti apricot is mainly used as a pollinator or pollinated by other conventional varieties or commercial pollen, and the problems of low fruit setting rate, low yield and the like in most years still exist. Therefore, how to effectively improve the fruit setting rate of the Manya Kwangsi trees is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently in the field. Most of the existing methods for improving the fruit set percentage of the Muya ge apricot trees in the field are mainly focused on the aspects of water and fertilizer management, pest and disease control, shaping and trimming, freezing damage prevention in flowering phase and other external environment influences, but the method for improving the fruit set percentage of the Muya ge apricot trees has the defects that the yield cannot be stabilized and the production cost cannot be improved, so that the problem of low fruit set percentage of the Muya ge apricot trees is solved fundamentally, the fruit set percentage of the Muya ge apricot trees is not influenced by external environment factors, and the method is a major problem in the field. The Muya-Ge apricot is different from other apricot varieties in Xinjiang, has strong variety specificity, and is difficult to improve the fruit setting rate of the Muya-Ge apricot by changing the way of pollinating varieties, for example, the fruit setting rate of the Chaotai white apricot can be obviously improved after the Chaotai white apricot and other varieties are used as pollinating trees to pollinate the Chaotai white apricot, but the fruit setting rate is not obviously changed when the Chaotai white apricot is pollinated by pollen of the Chaotai white apricot. Therefore, it is actually very difficult to solve the technical problem of low fruit setting rate of the prunus armeniaca by adjusting pollinated varieties in a conventional manner. Furthermore, how to effectively improve the fruit set percentage of the Muya Gu apricot is a problem in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method capable of solving the problem of low fruit set percentage of the prunus armeniaca tree from the root, stably increasing the fruit set percentage and yield of prunus armeniaca, and being not affected by the change of external environmental factors.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides apricot mixed pollen which comprises 23 kinds of pollen of red-leaf apricot, oxhorn apricot, huiyang white apricot, baidou, universe red, changfenghong apricot, sweet jade, xifeng early apricot, maihuang apricot, hongyu apricot, daquan apricot, chuanzhihong apricot, egg apricot, daguo apricot, xiaohongpao apricot, qufuhuang apricot, tunbuan apricot, mazi apricot, liangshan red apricot, guzhou red apricot, guoshan fresh, jieke No. 1 and climbing apricot.
Preferably, the apricot mixed pollen is formed by mixing 23 apricot pollens according to equal weight ratio.
The invention also provides application of the apricot mixed pollen in improving the fruit set percentage of the Muya Ge apricot.
The invention also provides application of the apricot mixed pollen in improving the yield of the Muya Kjellm apricot.
The invention also provides application of the coarse black-leaf apricots and/or the late-maturing apricots as pollinated varieties of the Manya-Ge apricots.
The invention also provides a method for improving the fruit set rate and/or yield of the prunus armeniaca, which comprises the following steps: at least one of the apricot mixed pollen, the thick black-leaf apricot and the late-maturing apricot is used as a pollinating variety to pollinate the Muya-Ge apricot.
Preferably, the method for collecting pollen of pollinated varieties comprises the following steps: the branches are taken back to the room for flower forcing, anthers are stripped in the bud period, the room is dried in the shade for 1-2 days, the pollen is naturally scattered, and the branches are stored at the low temperature of-20 ℃ for standby after the pollen is scattered.
Preferably, the pollination mode is artificial pollination.
Preferably, the artificial pollination method comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing the pollen of the pollinated variety and the pollen pini according to the weight ratio of 1.
The invention also provides a method for improving the fruit set rate and/or yield of the prunus armeniaca, which comprises the following steps: at least one of the thick black-leaf apricots and the late-maturing apricots is configured in the Muya Ge apricot orchard as a pollinating tree.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, after pollination is carried out on the Juglans mandshurica by adopting the coarse black-leaf apricot, the late-maturing apricot or apricot mixed pollen, the fruit setting rate of the Juglans mandshurica can be obviously improved, the fruit setting rate after pollination by adopting the pollen of the three varieties respectively reaches 9.59%, 8.27% and 13.99%, the fruit setting rate is respectively improved by 7.5, 6.46 and 10.9 times compared with the fruit setting rate of pollination of commercial pollen (Jingtong brand pollen) of 1.28%, and the fruit setting rate and the yield of the Juglans mandshurica are obviously improved.
Detailed Description
The invention provides apricot mixed pollen which comprises 23 kinds of pollen of red-leaf apricot, oxhorn yellow, huiyang white apricot, baidou, universe red, changfu red apricot, sweet jade, xifeng early apricot, maihuang apricot, hongyu apricot, daquan apricot, chuanzhihong apricot, egg apricot, daguo apricot, xiaohongpao apricot, qufuhuang apricot, maeukarya apricot, mazi apricot, fangshan red apricot, tungtun red apricot, guoshixian fresh, jieke No. 1 and climbing apricot.
The origin of the 23 apricot species in the present invention is not particularly limited, and any species may be used. In the present invention, the apricot blended pollen is preferably prepared by mixing 23 kinds of apricot pollen at equal weight ratio.
The invention also provides application of the apricot mixed pollen in improving the fruit set percentage or yield of the Muya Kya Gu apricot.
The invention also provides application of the coarse black-leaf apricots and/or the late-maturing apricots as pollinated varieties of the Manya-Ge apricots.
The invention also provides a method for improving the fruit set percentage and/or the yield of the apricots, which comprises the following steps: at least one of the apricot mixed pollen, the thick black leaf apricot and the late-maturing apricot is used as a pollinating variety to pollinate the Muya-Ge apricot.
The origin of the crude black apricot and the late-maturing apricot of the present invention is not particularly limited. In the present invention, the method for collecting pollen of pollinated variety preferably comprises the following steps: the branches are taken back to the room for flower forcing, anthers are stripped in the bud period, the room is dried in the shade for 1-2 days, the pollen is naturally scattered, and the branches are stored at the low temperature of-20 ℃ for standby after the pollen is scattered. The branches are preferably healthy branches without diseases and insect pests. The specific method for forcing flower and stripping anther is not specially limited, and the conventional flower forcing and stripping anther in the field can be adopted. In the invention, the pollination mode is preferably artificial pollination, and the artificial pollination method is preferably as follows: and uniformly mixing pollen of the pollinated variety with pollen pini according to the weight ratio of 1. The specific sources of the pine pollen and the pollination gun are not particularly limited, and the conventional commercial products in the field can be adopted.
The invention also provides a method for improving the fruit set rate and/or yield of the prunus armeniaca, which comprises the following steps: at least one of the thick black-leaf apricots and the late-maturing apricots is configured in the Muya Ge apricot orchard as a pollinating tree.
In the invention, the thick black-leaf apricots and the late-maturing apricots are used as pollinators and are planted with the woody sub-grid apricots in an interlaced manner. The optimal configuration ratio of the pollinator to the main cultivar is 1.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, all methods are conventional.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Pollen collection: and (3) selecting strong and strong thick black-leaf apricot branches without plant diseases and insect pests, bringing the branches back to the room for flower forcing, and placing the branches at intervals of 2 meters. Removing anther with tweezers in bud period, spreading on clean white paper, and naturally drying in the shade for 1-2 days. Collecting pollen in a centrifugal tube after the pollen is completely scattered, and storing at a low temperature of-20 ℃ for later use.
A pollination mode: adopting an artificial pollination method, performing pollination in a Muyage apricot test garden before pollination, uniformly mixing the pollen collected in the step with pollen pini according to the proportion of 1; recording the specific pollination number, and counting the fruit setting rate 20 days before harvesting. Fruit set rate (%) = (number of fruit set/number of pollination) × 100.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that pollen was collected from late-maturing apricots, and the rest is the same as example 1.
Example 3
Pollen collection: in the bud period, 23 kinds of apricot pollen including apricot red leaves, oxhorn yellow, white apricot huiyang, baidou, cosmic red, long fruit red apricot, sweet jade, xifeng early apricot, maihuang apricot, red jade apricot, daquan apricot, shogao red, egg apricot, big fruit apricot, small red robe, qufuhuang apricot, maeukaryon, mazi apricot, atrial mountain red apricot, tungzhuan red apricot, guozhixian, no. 1 and climbing apricot are collected respectively, and the specific collection mode is the same as that of example 1. The 23 apricot pollen collected above are mixed evenly according to the equal weight ratio, and stored at the low temperature of minus 20 ℃ for standby. The pollination pattern and the rest of the procedure were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the pollen is respectively collected from winter apricot, golden sun, red lotus, akjagele, aixiackjagele, silver fragrant white, joule fat, red jade apricot, thin black leaf apricot, zhang park big-joint apricot, ku che white apricot, saiyi, camel yellow, hua county big-joint apricot, and the rest is the same as the embodiment 1. That is, this comparative example was a parallel experiment of 14 remaining pollinated varieties in the manner of example 1.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the pollen used for artificial pollination is the purchased pollen of Brilliant boy brand (commercial pollen), and the rest is the same as example 1.
The embodiment and the comparative example adopt the same water and fertilizer management and pest control mode, and robust trees with consistent tree age and unified management are selected during pollination, and the direction distribution and the growth conditions of branches are ensured to be as close as possible.
The overall goal of the water and fertilizer management is simplified: with the purposes of quality improvement and efficiency improvement, fertilizer and water are reasonably added around the key fertilizer and water requiring period of the apricot trees. The key period of water and fertilizer management is as follows: fertilizing water after flowers, fruit expanding fertilizing water, flower bud differentiating fertilizing water, base fertilizer applied in autumn and overwintering water; fertilizing water after flowers: the fruit setting rate is improved; fruit expansion and water fertilization: the comprehensive quality of the fruits is improved; flower bud differentiation fertilizer and water: promoting the effective differentiation of flower buds; applying a base fertilizer in autumn: the tree body is enriched and strengthened, and the resistance is improved; overwintering water: the safe overwintering of the tree body is guaranteed.
And (3) pest control mode: biological control based on agricultural control and physical control; and performing general prevention and control in the key prevention and control period according to local pest and disease monitoring information.
The results obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 described above are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 results of artificial pollination of Muya Kjellm apricot with different pollinator varieties
As can be seen from Table 1, the fruit setting rate of the Muya-Ge apricot can be remarkably improved by adopting the thick black-leaf apricot, the late-maturing apricot and the mixed pollen (the mixed pollen of 23 apricots), the fruit setting rate after pollination by adopting the pollen of the three varieties is respectively 9.59%, 8.27% and 13.99%, the fruit setting rate is respectively 7.5 times, 6.46 times and 10.9 times higher than that of the commercial pollen of comparative example 2 after pollination of 1.28%, the yield is respectively 48.4kg as a control, and the fruit setting rate and the yield of the Muya-Ge apricot are remarkably improved by 363.0kg, 312.6kg and 527.5kg after pollination of the three kinds of pollen.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The apricot mixed pollen is characterized by consisting of 23 kinds of apricot pollen, namely red-leaf apricot, oxhorn apricot, huiyang white apricot, baidou, universe red, changfuo red apricot, sweet jade, xifeng early apricot, maihuang apricot, hongyu apricot, daquan apricot, chuanzhihong apricot, egg apricot, daguguo apricot, xiaohongpao apricot, qufuhuangapricot, tunbuyuan apricot, mazi apricot, liangshan red apricot, guzhou red apricot, guoshan fresh, jieke No. 1 and climbing apricot.
2. The apricot mixed pollen according to claim 1, wherein the apricot mixed pollen is obtained by mixing 23 kinds of apricot pollen in an equal weight ratio.
3. Use of apricot blended pollen as claimed in claim 1 or 2 for increasing fruit set percentage of Prunus amygdalus.
4. Use of apricot blended pollen as claimed in claim 1 or 2 for increasing yield of Muagaku apricot.
5. Use of crude black-leaf apricot and/or late-maturing apricot as pollinated variety of Muya-Ge apricot.
6. The method for improving the fruit set percentage and/or the yield of the prunus armeniaca is characterized by comprising the following steps of: pollinating the Muya apricot of any variety by using at least one of the apricot mixed pollen, the apricot with thick black leaves and the apricot with late maturity as claimed in claim 1 or 2 as pollinating variety.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method of collecting pollen from a pollinated variety comprises the steps of: the branches are taken back to the room for flower forcing, anthers are stripped in the bud period, the room is dried in the shade for 1-2 days, the pollen is naturally scattered, and the branches are stored at the low temperature of-20 ℃ for standby after the pollen is scattered.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the pollination is by artificial pollination.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the artificial pollination is by: and uniformly mixing pollen of the pollinated variety with pollen pini according to the weight ratio of 1.
10. The method for improving the fruit set percentage and/or the yield of the prunus armeniaca is characterized by comprising the following steps of: at least one of the thick black-leaf apricots and the late-maturing apricots is configured in the Muya Ge apricot orchard as a pollinating tree.
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| CN202211598440.2A CN115812507B (en) | 2022-12-12 | 2022-12-12 | Method for improving fruit setting rate and/or yield of Almond |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115918520A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-04-07 | 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | Method for prolonging maturation period of Xinjiang white apricots |
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| CN101292616A (en) * | 2008-06-26 | 2008-10-29 | 国家林业局泡桐研究开发中心 | Method for improving fruit-bearing rate of almond apricot and armeniaca |
| US20110030110P1 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-03 | State Of Israel, Minustry Of Agriculture & Rural Development, Agricultural Research Organization | Apricot tree named 'DANIEL' |
| CN102517249A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2012-06-27 | 新疆农业大学 | Culture medium for improving germination and growth of Luntai white apricot blossom pollen |
| CN110547188A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-12-10 | 山东省果树研究所 | Apricot pollination technical scheme |
-
2022
- 2022-12-12 CN CN202211598440.2A patent/CN115812507B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101292616A (en) * | 2008-06-26 | 2008-10-29 | 国家林业局泡桐研究开发中心 | Method for improving fruit-bearing rate of almond apricot and armeniaca |
| US20110030110P1 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-03 | State Of Israel, Minustry Of Agriculture & Rural Development, Agricultural Research Organization | Apricot tree named 'DANIEL' |
| CN102517249A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2012-06-27 | 新疆农业大学 | Culture medium for improving germination and growth of Luntai white apricot blossom pollen |
| CN110547188A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-12-10 | 山东省果树研究所 | Apricot pollination technical scheme |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 安晓芹 等: "新疆杏品种授粉特性研究", 新疆农业大学学, no. 4, 31 August 2014 (2014-08-31), pages 281 - 286 * |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115918520A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-04-07 | 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | Method for prolonging maturation period of Xinjiang white apricots |
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