CN102342242B - Pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees, and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees, and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102342242B CN102342242B CN 201010243483 CN201010243483A CN102342242B CN 102342242 B CN102342242 B CN 102342242B CN 201010243483 CN201010243483 CN 201010243483 CN 201010243483 A CN201010243483 A CN 201010243483A CN 102342242 B CN102342242 B CN 102342242B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial pollination of fruit trees, specifically relates to a pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees, and a preparation method thereof. The pollen suspension liquid mainly comprises the following components, by weight, 0.005-0.02% of boric acid, 0.005-0.01% of calcium nitrate, 0.01-0.02% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.2-0.4% of pollen, and the balance of water. The pollen suspension liquid provided by the present invention can be placed for a long time, and can be prepared into a concentrated solution. In addition, the pollen suspension liquid provided by the present invention is easy to use, and can be directly sprayed on pistillate flower in a flowering stage to carry out the artificial liquid pollination, such that the fruit set percentage of the fruit trees can be more than 48%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree artificial pollination technical field, be specifically related to a kind of pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Most of fruit trees belong to cross-pollinatd plant, and pollination quality is a key factor that determines Fruiting of Fruit Trees, output and quality.Even some can parthenocarpy or apomictic fruit tree, in order to improve fruit yield and quality, the stimulation of Pollination Fertilization is also indispensable (Lv Liuxin etc., 1995) usually.Pollinating process is pollen with same flower of planting fruit-trees or the transmission between different flower, yet many fruit trees but show self-incompatibillity in various degree.For this reason, pollen just need to transmit between with the planting fruit-trees Different Individual.The transport process of pollen very easily is subject to wind, insect, competitive nectariferous plant, the even impact of birds and other animal.For numerous fruit trees, insect to the validity of pollination much larger than the validity of wind, yet the mobility of insect in the situation that cloudy day, low temperature, wind speed excessively obviously descend, thereby cause poor pollination, particularly the florescence is met rain, and rainwater almost completely stops the activity of insect, wash away available free pollen in pollen sac, cause pollination failures, severe patient also can cause the orchard total crop failure, causes huge economic loss for vast production of fruit trees person.Fruit Tree Pollination is fertilized unsuccessfully may have many undesirable elements to cause, and may occur in each step (Lv Liuxin etc., 1995 in pollinating process; Wilcock C et.al., 2002), but the pollination medium that causes due to the deterioration of ecotope not enough or to disappear be but a global problem caused global pollination crisis (Kremen C et.al., 2000).Therefore, to carry out artificial pollination just aobvious particularly important the florescence in production of fruit trees.
Research about the artificial pollination technology is long-standing, traditional artificial pollination technical method is commonly used mainly contain flower crash method, manually award method, spray method, chicken feather blanket method by the flower point; Yarn bag method, manually put honeybee method (Xi Rongting, 1995).Although these measures produce effect in production of fruit trees really, implement time-consuming and take a lot of work, run counter to low cost and high efficiency theory in modern scale production of fruit trees.In order to adapt to need of production, people develop again mechanical dusting method and bionical static pollination method (Vaknin Y et.al.,---), although this has improved pollination efficiency, but need to consume a large amount of expensive pollen and/or thinner, therefore do not reduce costs veritably, thereby be difficult to apply on a large scale at home.The liquid pollination rule that occurs in recent years may demonstrate the Costco Wholesale advantage.In the facility that proposed afterwards, miniature artificial hornet pollination robot system also is in the experiment indoor theoretical model stage (0lthuis W,---).
The vigor that how effectively to keep pollen is one of key issue in the liquid pollination of fruit trees technology.Although domestic relevant report about liquid pollination of fruit trees is more, most researchs are thoroughgoing and painstaking not, are to speak of in general terms empirically, are difficult to Demonstration And Extension in production of fruit trees, thereby are difficult to more realize that commercialization moves towards market.The commercially produced product POLLENAID that New Zealand releases has solved the pollination problem of kiwi fruit to a certain extent.For the kiwi fruit producer of China, the product that import is such and relevant device are pollinated and are difficult to bear on price.The mechanical device that liquid pollination is relevant can be realized step by step production domesticization and be accepted by the producer by " absorbing wisdom " program; And other supporting technology system can't be introduced because relating to trade secret.So the research of carrying out the required pollen suspension of the liquid pollination of fruit trees that comprises kiwi fruit is one of current problem of needing solution badly.
Pollen is a kind of life cell of special shape, if most of fruit tree pollen all can be lost certain vigor in the included individual key step of liquid pollination process.Wherein, the dry run that pollen is mixed with the pollen solution on the aqueous solution and column cap is the rapid devitalization of pollen, even fully two dead large critical steps.According to present research, mostly adopt sucrose and borax as key component in the suspension that liquid pollination is used, the conventional sucrose that adopts, main drawback has two: (1) sucrose solution is placed a period of time will moldy metamorphism, particularly high concentration, moldy metamorphism as easier in the sucrose solution of 10% (w/v), even low temperature storage also difficulty is long placed in, if be mixed with the more difficult storage of concentrate, if enter the commercialization Demonstration And Extension, more be difficult to long distance transportation; (2) sucrose belongs to disaccharides, do not have the physicochemical properties such as stable, thickening, emulsification, suspension, film forming, the effect of sucrose is mainly to keep osmotic pressure, control pollen transition suction explosion devitalization, if add sucrose to spray pollination in suspension, containing pollen liquid drops onto on column cap, along with droplet drying, smaller volume, the concentration of component that comprises sucrose in suspension can increase gradually, the osmotic pressure of drop increases fast, and pollen shrinkage in various degree can occur and can't sprout (generally just sprouting at least 4～5 hours).
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees that improves percentage of fertile fruit and preparation method thereof.
The present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees, mainly the component by following percentage by weight forms: the water of boric acid 0.005-0.02%, nitrate of lime 0.005-0.01%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.01-0.02%, pollen 0.2-0.4% and surplus.
Also contain gum Arabic 0.005-0.2%.
The germination rate of described pollen is 75-80%, and described water is pure water.
The preparation method of pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees, comprise the following steps: get in proportion each raw material, sodium carboxymethylcellulose is soluble in water, then add the dissolving of boric acid and nitrate of lime, add at last the pollen mixing to be pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees.
The preparation method of pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees, comprise the following steps: get in proportion each raw material, sodium carboxymethylcellulose is soluble in water, add again gum Arabic to make it dissolving, then add the dissolving of boric acid and nitrate of lime, add at last the pollen mixing to be pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees.
The germination rate of described pollen is 75-80%, and described water is pure water.
Described pollen is the frozen pollen through pre-wet process, pre-procedure for wet processing is: frozen pollen is taken out from frozen environment, transfer to rapidly in glassware with cover, be placed under 2-8 ℃ of environment 10～12 hours, then glassware is removed lid, be placed in 15-22 ℃, humidity 70-80%, avoided under environment that sunlight directly shines rewarming 2～3 hours.
The know-why of technical solution of the present invention:
Boron is influential to the plant reproductive process, and in plant organ, boron content with Hua Zuigao, is organized as again the highlyest with column cap and ovary in spending, and pollen is lower, and boron can stimulate pollen germination, particularly pollen tube growth; In addition, the variation that the indirectly-acting of boron may increase with sugar amount in nectar and form is relevant, makes spending the insect more attractive of entomophilous plants.Select H in pollen suspension of the present invention
3BO
3(boric acid), and do not select borax (Na
2B
4O
510H
2O), although this is that boron element only is transformed into the boric acid form could be by plant absorbing because boric acid and borax all contain boron element, the borax poor dissolution, Crop is also poor, and easily produces poisoning; In industrial production, borax is the raw material of producing boric acid, and the poisonous and harmful impurity content is generally high than boric acid, and last, sodium ion can not show a candle to other macroelement and trace element to the importance of plant.
Calcium ion has the effect of stable pollen pipe, is conducive to the elongation of pollen tube, and in the present invention, Ca (NO is selected in the calcium ion of pollen suspension source
3)
24H
2O, and do not select CaCl
22H
2O is although this is that plant is to NO because both be all calcium salt
3 -The absorption of ion will be far above Cl
-Ion, and the Cl of higher concentration
-The ion pair column cap has certain toxicity.
Add sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in pollen suspension of the present invention, the CMC aqueous solution has the performances such as good bonding, thickening, emulsification, suspension, film forming, protecting colloid, maintenance moisture, resistance to enzymolysis and metabolism inertia, when the CMC aqueous solution and tin, silver, aluminium, lead, iron, copper and some heavy metal met, precipitation reaction can occur; The CMC aqueous solution and calcium, magnesium, when salt coexists, can not produce precipitation, but can reduce the viscosity of the CMC aqueous solution, these physico chemical property of CMC have determined that it can reduce the toxicity of heavy metal ion in pollen suspension, does not disturb the effect of calcium ion.
On the gum Arabic structure with the rhamnose of Partial Protein material and structure appearance, it has very good amphipathic property, it is extraordinary natural water oil-in emulsion stabilizer, thickener, suspending agent, be particularly suitable for the oil-in-water type emulsion system, normal temperature can be mixed with typically " high dense low sticking " type colloid, and it also has good film forming characteristics, can slow down moisture loss.The CMC aqueous solution and water-soluble gum Arabic can mix altogether molten mutually, jointly play a role at the peripheral diaphragm that forms of pollen with gum Arabic, keep moisture, effectively reduce pollen liquid and drop in rate of drying on column cap, are the absorption time expand of boron and calcium constituent.
Raw water in pollen suspension of the present invention is preferably selected pure water, and water quality is purer, and electrical conductivity is less, and the harmful substance in water is fewer, and pollen more easily maintains vigour.
The selected raw material sodium carboxymethylcellulose of the present invention (CMC) and gum Arabic can place pollen suspension without going mouldy for a long time, can also make concentrate; Pollen suspension of the present invention also helps dispersity and the stability that improves pollen, and the film forming water retention characteristic can at pollen and column cap is outside forms more stable moisture film, greatly slows down pollen liquid and drops in dry dehydration process on column cap, suppresses the forfeiture of Pollen Activity; Pollen suspension also can participate in keeping the osmotic pressure of solution, avoids the pollen of tool hydrophily exine-held protein to be split up because excessively absorbing water.Pollen suspension of the present invention is easy to use, can directly spray in the enterprising pedestrian's work of the female flower in flowering stage liquid pollination, and the percentage of fertile fruit of fruit tree is reached more than 48%.
Pre-wet process in the present invention can slow down the pollen water absorption course, makes this process be unlikely to undue violent, is conducive to keep Pollen Activity, improves the germination rate of pollen.
The pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees that the present invention makes avoids using canister during in the preparation with splendid attire, preferably selects the container of the materials such as glass or plastics.
During use, pollen suspension is changed over to clean sprayer, female flower in distance 10-15cm position over against firm opening sprays, and is sprayed onto just not drip to get final product, and adds suspension completely to be no more than 2 hours to spraying from pollen, prevent the pollen loss of activity, complete liquid pollination flowering stage in female tree.
Pollen suspension of the present invention can first prepare solution with the raw material except pollen, before using on the spot, pollen is added in the solution that raw material prepares except pollen, can guarantee like this to spray in 2 hours complete, guarantees the vigor of pollen.
Pollen suspension of the present invention is particularly suitable for the kiwi fruit fruit tree, also is applicable to peach.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees, its percentage by weight component is: the Kiwi fruit pollen 0.2% of boric acid 0.005%, nitrate of lime 0.005%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.01%, germination rate 80% and the water of surplus.
The preparation method of pollen suspension is: get in proportion each raw material, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose is soluble in water, then add the dissolving of boric acid and nitrate of lime, add at last the Kiwi fruit pollen mixing to be kiwi fruit liquid pollination pollen suspension.
Embodiment 2
Pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees, its percentage by weight component is: the Kiwi fruit pollen 0.3% of boric acid 0.005%, nitrate of lime 0.005%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.01%, germination rate 77% and the water of surplus.
The preparation method of pollen suspension is: get in proportion each raw material, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose is soluble in water, then add the dissolving of boric acid and nitrate of lime, add at last the Kiwi fruit pollen mixing to be kiwi fruit liquid pollination pollen suspension.
Embodiment 3
Pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees, its percentage by weight component is: the frozen Kiwi fruit pollen 0.4% of boric acid 0.005%, nitrate of lime 0.005%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.01%, germination rate 75% and the water of surplus.
The preparation method of pollen suspension is: get in proportion each raw material, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose is soluble in water, then add the dissolving of boric acid and nitrate of lime; Frozen Kiwi fruit pollen is taken out from frozen environment, transfer to rapidly in glassware with cover, be placed in 2 ℃ of environment lower 12 hours, then the lid with glassware removes, be placed in 22 ℃, humidity and be lower 2 hours rewarmings of environment of 80% and complete pre-wet process, pre-procedure for wet processing should avoid sunlight directly to shine; Add the Kiwi fruit pollen mixing after pre-wet process to be kiwi fruit liquid pollination pollen suspension in the most backward sodium carboxymethylcellulose, boric acid and nitrate of lime mixed aqueous solution.
Embodiment 4
Pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees, its percentage by weight component is: the Kiwi fruit pollen 0.2% of boric acid 0.01%, nitrate of lime 0.005%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.015%, gum Arabic 0.2%, germination rate 80% and the water of surplus.
The preparation method of pollen suspension is: get in proportion each raw material, sodium carboxymethylcellulose is soluble in water, add again gum Arabic to make it dissolving, then add the dissolving of boric acid and nitrate of lime, add at last the Kiwi fruit pollen mixing to be kiwi fruit liquid pollination pollen suspension.
Embodiment 5
Pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees, its percentage by weight component is: the Kiwi fruit pollen 0.35% of boric acid 0.005%, nitrate of lime 0.01%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.02%, gum Arabic 0.15%, germination rate 78% and the water of surplus.
The preparation method of embodiment 5 pollen suspensions is: get in proportion each raw material, sodium carboxymethylcellulose is soluble in water, add again gum Arabic to make it dissolving, then add the dissolving of boric acid and nitrate of lime, add at last the Kiwi fruit pollen mixing to be kiwi fruit liquid pollination pollen suspension.
Embodiment 6
Pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees, its percentage by weight component is: the frozen Kiwi fruit pollen 0.4% of boric acid 0.02%, nitrate of lime 0.008%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.01%, gum Arabic 0.005%, germination rate 75% and the water of surplus.
The preparation method of embodiment 6 pollen suspensions is: get in proportion each raw material, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose is soluble in water, then add gum Arabic to make it dissolving, then add the dissolving of boric acid and nitrate of lime; Frozen Kiwi fruit pollen is taken out from frozen environment, transfer to rapidly in glassware with cover, be placed in 8 ℃ of environment lower 10 hours, then the lid with glassware removes, be placed in 15 ℃, humidity and be lower 3 hours rewarmings of environment of 80% and complete pre-wet process, pre-procedure for wet processing should avoid sunlight directly to shine; Add the Kiwi fruit pollen mixing after pre-wet process to be kiwi fruit liquid pollination pollen suspension in the most backward sodium carboxymethylcellulose, gum Arabic, boric acid and nitrate of lime mixed aqueous solution.
Can adopt the mode that stirs and heat to accelerate dissolving when sodium carboxymethylcellulose is soluble in water, more equally also can adopt the mode that stirs and heat to accelerate dissolving when adding the gum Arabic dissolving.
adopt the liquid pollination that carries out of the pollen suspension of embodiment 3 and embodiment 4 to test, adopt spontaneous pollination to test in contrast 1, adopt artificial point to award pure pollen and test in contrast 2, adopt New Zealand POLLENAID suspension to test in contrast 3, in Zhengzhou fruit tree research tested garden, Xu Xiang (kind of kiwi fruit) is tested, concrete experimentation is: test in the tested garden plant division of Zhengzhou fruit tree research, bagging before blooming by the end of April, control spontaneous pollination setting, select the female tree of Xu Xiang in four flowering stage May, respectively with the pollen suspension of embodiment 3, the pollen suspension of embodiment 4, New Zealand POLLENAID suspension sprays in the female of selected three female trees of Xu Xiang with sprayer and takes, continue bagging after pollination, the mode that the female tree of another Xu Xiang adopts artificial point to award pure pollen is pollinated, and continues bagging after pollination, zone in test garden spontaneous pollination selects the female tree of Xu Xiang to carry out spontaneous pollination, bagging not after pollination, treat to remove bag (approximately 5～7 days) when the column cap wilting loses the outside pollen ability of acceptance, calculate percentage of fertile fruit after 25 days, statistics is as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1 result of the test percentage of fertile fruit
| Experimental group | Pollination Modes | Percentage of fertile fruit (%) |
| Experimental group 1 | Embodiment 3 pollen suspension liquid pollinations | 50.8 |
| Experimental group 2 | Embodiment 4 pollen suspension liquid pollinations | 51.6 |
| Control group 1 | Spontaneous pollination | 47.2 |
| Control group 2 | Artificial point is awarded pure pollen | 34.4 |
| Control group 3 | New Zealand POLLENAID suspension liquid pollination | 45.3 |
Found out by table 1, the percentage of fertile fruit of the pollen suspension of the embodiment of the present invention 3 and embodiment 4 all reaches more than 50%, award the percentage of fertile fruit of pollen higher than spontaneous pollination, artificial point, also higher than the percentage of fertile fruit of the New Zealand POLLENAID suspension that is similarly liquid pollination, illustrate that pollen suspension Pollination Effect of the present invention is good, can greatly improve the percentage of fertile fruit of Xu Xiang, improve orchard worker's economic benefit, simultaneously can select male parent preferably, the fruit shape of optimizing product.
Claims (3)
1. the preparation method of a pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees, it is characterized in that: this pollen suspension is comprised of the component of following percentage by weight: the water of boric acid 0.005-0.02%, nitrate of lime 0.005-0.01%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.01-0.02%, pollen 0.2-0.4%, gum Arabic 0.005-0.2% and surplus, get in proportion above raw material during preparation, sodium carboxymethylcellulose is soluble in water, add again gum Arabic to make it dissolving, then add the dissolving of boric acid and nitrate of lime, add at last the pollen mixing to be pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees.
2. the preparation method of pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the germination rate of described pollen is 75-80%, described water is pure water.
3. the preparation method of pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described pollen is the frozen pollen through pre-wet process, pre-procedure for wet processing is: frozen pollen is taken out from frozen environment, transfer to rapidly in glassware with cover, be placed under 2-8 ℃ of environment 10～12 hours, then glassware is removed lid, be placed in 15-22 ℃, humidity 70-80%, avoided under environment that sunlight directly shines rewarming 2～3 hours.
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| CN 201010243483 CN102342242B (en) | 2010-08-03 | 2010-08-03 | Pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees, and preparation method thereof |
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| CN 201010243483 CN102342242B (en) | 2010-08-03 | 2010-08-03 | Pollen suspension liquid for liquid pollination of fruit trees, and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102342242B true CN102342242B (en) | 2013-06-26 |
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Families Citing this family (16)
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| CN102972296B (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-11-13 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Acacia rachii pollen in-vitro culture activity detection technology |
| CN103392588A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-11-20 | 恩施州益寿天然果品有限公司 | Kiwi fruit suspension liquid atomizing artificial pollination method |
| CN103891600A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-07-02 | 蒋平友 | Pollen suspension for carrying out spray pollination on kiwifruits |
| CN104472342B (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-07-06 | 贵州大学 | A kind of pollination liquid of pollination method of spraying for Fructus actinidiae chinensis and preparation method thereof |
| CN104381122B (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-06-15 | 贵州大学 | A kind of Fructus actinidiae chinensis pollination liquid and preparation method thereof |
| CN104472346B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2017-05-24 | 深圳市中州实业有限公司 | Effective sexual hybridization technology of abelmoschus esculentus |
| CN105052725A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-11-18 | 安徽博发文化生态园有限公司 | Method for artificially pollinating kiwi fruit |
| CN105165597A (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2015-12-23 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Pollination method for kiwifruit |
| CN106069253B (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2019-06-07 | 山东梦农农业科技有限公司 | A kind of pollinating method of greenhouse crops |
| CN106106128A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-16 | 固镇县华丰农业有限公司 | A kind of artificial pollination method of Fructus actinidiae chinensis |
| CN107312741A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-11-03 | 常州瑞坦商贸有限公司 | A kind of preparation method for red fuji apple pollination pollen suspension |
| CN109287652A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2019-02-01 | 吴江市黎里心怡农业科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of Cuiguan pear pollen dilution |
| CN110249997A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-09-20 | 西北农林科技大学 | It is suitable for the pollen suspension and the preparation method and application thereof of Kiwi berry liquid pollination |
| CN111690708A (en) * | 2020-05-30 | 2020-09-22 | 扬州宏明奇异果科技发展有限公司 | Actinidia chinensis in-vitro pollen activity determination method |
| CN111887150A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-11-06 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | Breeding method of high-yield high-quality multi-resistance cotton |
| CN114885824B (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-09-05 | 华南农业大学 | Artificial pollination method for white persimmon |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100525314B1 (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2005-11-02 | 전라남도 | Suspension for artificial pollination |
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| M. E. HOPPING等.Supplementary pollination of tree fruits I. Development of suspension media.《N.Z. Journal of Agricultural Research》.1980,第23卷(第4期),509-514. |
| Supplementary pollination of tree fruits I. Development of suspension media;M. E. HOPPING等;《N.Z. Journal of Agricultural Research》;19801231;第23卷(第4期);509-514 * |
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