CN110150305B

CN110150305B - Preparation for improving fruit setting rate and appearance quality of self-fruited apples and use method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110150305B
Application number: CN201910410271.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李天忠; 姜峰; 刘志; 吕天星
Original assignee: China Agricultural University
Current assignee: China Agricultural University
Priority date: 2019-05-17
Filing date: 2019-05-17
Publication date: 2020-03-17
Anticipated expiration: 2039-05-17
Also published as: CN110150305A

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation for improving the fruit setting rate and appearance quality of self-fruited apples and a using method thereof. The preparation is GA₄Or GA₄And GA₇A mixture of (a); when is GA₄And GA₇In the case of a mixture of (1), GA₄And GA₇Relative amount is GA₄Over 65% of GA₇Is less than 35%. The application method of the preparation for improving the fruit setting rate and the appearance quality of the self-fruitful apples provided by the invention is that the preparation is sprayed on the flower columns and the flower receptacles in two periods after the central flowers of the apples blossom, so that the fruit setting rate of the self-fruitful apples is improved, and the appearance quality is improved. The apple varieties comprise varieties with self-fruitfulness, such as 'Hanfu', 'Yuexian', 'Yuanbright' and 'Yuanguan'.

Description

Preparation for improving fruit setting rate and appearance quality of self-fruited apples and use method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a preparation for improving the fruit setting rate and appearance quality of self-fruited apples and a using method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of modern agricultural cultivation.

Background

With the rapid development of economy in China, apples have become an important industry for rural development and income and richness increase of farmers. Most apples are cross-pollinated varieties, pollinated trees need to be configured for cross-pollination, poor pollination or incomplete pollination and fertilization are often caused due to unreasonable configuration of the pollinated trees, poor external environmental conditions and the like, flower and fruit dropping is caused, and the yield is reduced. Meanwhile, due to poor pollination, the fruit shape index and the coloring index of the apples are reduced, the appearance quality of the fruits is influenced, and the planting income is reduced. In recent years, in order to improve the fruit setting rate and the appearance quality of apples, fruit growers often adopt a mode of artificial supplementary pollination, the artificial pollination is labor-consuming and time-consuming, the labor cost is higher and higher under the condition of increasing shortage of labor resources in China, and the planting benefit is seriously influenced. Some apple varieties, such as: the fruit setting agent has the advantages of 'Hanfu', 'Hui', 'Yuexian', 'Yuyan', 'Yuguan', and the like, has self-fruition, can complete pollination and fertilization without configuring a pollination tree, does not need artificial auxiliary pollination, and has unstable fruit setting rate.

Various methods for improving fruit setting rate of fruit trees have been proposed, and for example, the following describes formulations of agents used in the methods proposed to improve fruit setting rate.

1. Preparing concentrated aromatic oil, inositol, folic acid, glucose/brown granulated sugar and purified water according to the proportion of 3:6:5:70: 18;

2. the honey, the pollen, the borax, the nitrogen fertilizer and the purified water are prepared according to the proportion of 8:5:4:2: 100;

3. potassium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen sulfate, calcium nitrate, boric acid, sucrose, urea and a preparation are prepared according to the proportion of 15:10:9:11:6:25: 3.

In practice, only a very few products have been applied to apples, these products including gibberellin GA based formulations₃(0.1-1%) of the product. Despite these and other experiments, there has been no suitable method or means to improve the setting rate of self-fruitful apples, which has limited the exertion and use of the self-fruitful advantages of self-fruitful apples. There is therefore a need for formulations that can improve the fruit set of self-fruitful apples.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation for improving the fruit setting rate and appearance quality of self-fruited apples.

The preparation is GA₄Or GA₄And GA₇A mixture of (a);

when is GA₄And GA₇In the case of a mixture of (1), GA₄And GA₇Relative amount is GA₄Over 65% of GA₇Less than 35%;

preferably, GA₄The content is more than 80 percent, GA₇At 20 percentThe following.

A use method of the preparation for improving the fruit setting rate and appearance quality of self-fruited apples comprises the steps of spraying the preparation 1-3 days after central flowers of the apples start to flower and 10-20 days after the central flowers start to flower.

Preferably, the preparation is sprayed 1 to 3 days after the central flowers of the apples start to flower and 12 to 14 days after the central flowers start to flower.

On the basis of the scheme, the spraying position of the preparation is the flower column and the receptacle of the apple.

Based on the scheme, the dosage of the preparation is 10g to 100 g/hectare, and preferably the dosage of the preparation is 36g to 70 g/hectare.

On the basis of the scheme, the preparation is prepared into a solution for use, and the concentration of the preparation solution is in a range of 50 mg/L-600 mg/L, and preferably the concentration of the preparation solution is in a range of 100 mg/L-200 mg/L.

Based on the scheme, the apple varieties suitable for the preparation comprise but are not limited to 'Hanfu', 'Hui', 'Yuanliang', 'Yuanguan', 'Yuanhua' and the like which can carry out self-fruition.

On the basis of the scheme, the self-fruitful apple variety is self-pollinated fruitful and does not need to be provided with a pollinated variety.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

compared with a control group, the preparation for improving the fruit setting rate and the appearance quality of the self-fruited apples and the self-pollinated apple varieties treated by the preparation are remarkably improved in the aspects of fruit setting rate, coloring index and fruit shape index, the proportion of deflected fruits is reduced, and the appearance quality is good; the advantage of self-fruitful apple is brought into play, and the planting benefit is improved.

Detailed Description

Example 1

Selecting 'Hanfu' apple tree with good growth in full bearing age in orchard of Shiqiao city of Liaoning province, and applying preparation (GA) 2 days after flower falling in center₄:GA₇90%: 10%) at 60 g/hectare and 150mg/LSpraying on the flower column and receptacle at an interval of 12 days, preferably wetting. GA treated with clean water at the same dosage and concentration₃Formulation (GA) at the same dosage and concentration₄:GA₇55%: 45%) as a control, 4 fruit trees per group, 16 in total, were investigated for fruit set rate and fruit appearance quality at harvest in autumn. Therefore, compared with the contrast, the preparation provided by the application has 'cold rich' after treatment, the fruit setting rate is improved by 61.2-108.7%, meanwhile, the coloring index and the fruit shape index of the preparation are higher than those of other treatments, the appearance quality is good, the inclined fruit ratio is reduced, and the preparation has excellent technical effects.

Example 2

Selecting 10 Yueyun apple trees with good growth vigor in full bearing period at Liaoning province fruit tree institute of Liaoning province, Yingkou City, and collecting the preparation (GA) 3 days after the central flower blossoms₄:GA₇65%: 35%) was sprayed at a concentration of 100 g/ha on the flower column and receptacle, and was sprayed again at intervals of 14 days, preferably wet. GA at the same dose and concentration₃Drug treatment served as a control. The fruit setting rate and the fruit appearance quality of 10 fruit trees were investigated at harvest in autumn. Compared with the contrast, 'Yueyun' after the preparation treatment, the fruit setting rate is improved by 86.2 percent, the coloring index and the fruit shape index are respectively improved by 8.5 percent and 6.2 percent, the proportion of deflected fruits is reduced, and the appearance quality is good.

Example 3

Selecting 12 Yueyuan apple trees with good growth vigor in full bearing period in Shenyang city orchard of Liaoning province, and applying the preparation (GA) 1 day after the flower falls in the center₄:GA₇75%: 25%) was sprayed at a concentration of 15 g/ha on the flower column and receptacle, and sprayed again at intervals of 10 days, preferably wet. Formulation (GA) at the same dose and concentration₄:GA₇50%: 50%) drug treatment was used as a control. The fruit setting rate of 12 fruit trees was investigated at harvest in autumn of 2018. The 'Yuanguan' after treatment compared with the contrast, the fruit setting rateThe color index and the fruit shape index are respectively improved by 64.5 percent and 5.6 percent and 4.5 percent, the proportion of skew fruits is reduced, and the appearance quality is good.

Example 4

Selecting 12 good-growing 'Yuexi' apple trees in full bearing age in Dalian city orchard of Liaoning province, and applying the preparation (GA) 3 days after the flower falls in the center₄:GA₇80%: 20%) is sprayed on the flower column and receptacle at a concentration of 45 g/ha, and is sprayed again after 20 days, preferably for moistening. Formulation (GA) at the same dose and concentration₄:GA₇60%: 40%) drug treatment as a control. The fruit setting rate of 12 fruit trees was investigated at harvest in autumn. Compared with the contrast, 'Yuexia' treated by the method, the fruit setting rate is improved by 45.8 percent, the coloring index and the fruit shape index are respectively improved by 7.4 percent and 3.1 percent, the proportion of deflected fruits is reduced, and the appearance quality is good.

Those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art.

Claims

1. A use method of a preparation for improving the fruit setting rate and appearance quality of self-fruited apples is characterized in that the preparation is sprayed 1-3 days after central flowers of apples begin to flower and 10-20 days after the central flowers begin to flower; the preparation is GA₄And GA₇Mixture of (1), GA₄And GA₇Relative amount is GA₄Over 65% of GA₇Less than 35%;

the spraying position of the preparation is the flower column and the receptacle of the apple;

the dosage of the preparation is 10 g-100 g/ha;

the preparation is prepared into solution for use, and the concentration range of the preparation solution is 50 mg/L-600 mg/L.

2. The method of using the formulation for improving fruit set and appearance quality of self-fruitling apples according to claim 1, wherein the formulation is used for a self-fruitling apple variety.

3. The method of using the self-fruitful apple fruit setting and appearance quality improving agent according to claim 2, wherein the self-fruitful apple variety is self-pollinated and fruitful, and the pollinated apple variety is not required to be prepared.

4. The method of using the formulation for improving fruit set and appearance quality of self-fruitling apples according to claim 3, wherein the self-fruitful apple variety comprises: cold rich, benefit, Yueyuan and Yueyuan.