CN106106128A - A kind of artificial pollination method of Fructus actinidiae chinensis - Google Patents

A kind of artificial pollination method of Fructus actinidiae chinensis Download PDF

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CN106106128A
CN106106128A CN201610497989.0A CN201610497989A CN106106128A CN 106106128 A CN106106128 A CN 106106128A CN 201610497989 A CN201610497989 A CN 201610497989A CN 106106128 A CN106106128 A CN 106106128A
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pollen
flower
pollination
standby
actinidiae chinensis
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郝玉梅
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Guzhen Huafeng Agriculture Co Ltd
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Guzhen Huafeng Agriculture Co Ltd
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    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/06—Aluminium; Calcium; Magnesium; Compounds thereof
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]

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Abstract

The invention discloses the artificial pollination method of a kind of Fructus actinidiae chinensis, comprise the steps: that prepared by (1) pollen, prepared by (2) petal extracting solution, prepared by (3) sepal extracting solution, prepared by (4) pollen pollination liquid, (5) artificial pollination.The pollen pollination liquid effect duration at normal temperatures of uniqueness of the present invention preparation is two days, during this, the vigor of pollen is without substantially reducing, improve the problem needing in existing mode repeatedly to prepare pollination liquid, reduce labor intensity, the pollination activity intensity of the insecticides such as Apis can be strengthened again simultaneously, compensate for ensure, when spraying, the problem that flower is all capped, the percentage of fertile fruit of final Fructus actinidiae chinensis is up to more than 98%, greatly improve planting benefit, additionally, the inventive method is simple, pollen consumption is few, cost is relatively low, has good promotional value.

Description

A kind of artificial pollination method of Fructus actinidiae chinensis
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of planting, be specifically related to the artificial pollination method of a kind of Fructus actinidiae chinensis.
Background technology
Fructus actinidiae chinensis, also referred to as fox Fructus Persicae, Radix actinidiae argutae, Fructus actinidiae chinensis, carambola, wood, Mao Muguo, kiwi fruit, MATENG fruit etc., extensively divide It is distributed between the southern china mountain ridge.Fructus actinidiae chinensis is dioecious large-scale fallen leaves bejuco.Staminiferous plant hirsutism leaf is little, staminiferous plant Flower the most early comes across female flower；Female plant lacks hair or without hair, floral leaf is all higher than staminiferous plant.Florescence is 5 ~ June, and fructescence is 8 ~ October. Fructus actinidiae chinensis under field conditions (factors), mainly by insect pollination, in actual production process frequently with artificial supplementary pollination technology with Improve fruit-setting rate, it is ensured that yield and quality.
Existing artificial pollination mode mostly is artificial point and awards method, is i.e. directly spread upon by pollen female by brush pen or banister brush On the style of flower, this mode also exists that cost of labor is high, take time and effort, expend the shortcomings such as pollen is many, and then people explore trial Liquid pollination mode, will be added in liquid flux by pollen, is then sprayed on the stigma of female flower, has pollination speed fast, Save artificial feature, and moisture and the nutrient of stigma can be increased, extend the stigma Pollination Fertilization time, but liquid pollination technology is still Immature, however it remains nutritional solution suspending power poor, pollen dispersion is uneven, the problem of easy swelling death in nutritional solution, And the pollen solution prepared need to make to be finished at short notice, usually within 5h, not so pollen loses vigor again without exploitation value Value, this also increases the fussy degree of preparation during pollination, the most inevitably causes pollen a certain degree of simultaneously Waste.Although additionally, liquid pollination mode is the most convenient, but full-bloom stage flower is the most intensive, during sprinkling, cannot ensure that flower is equal Capped, the situation that part flower still can be caused to pollinate, it is unfavorable for the raising of pollination rate.
Before Fructus actinidiae chinensis enters the florescence, it usually needs carry out flower thinning operation, reduce unnecessary nutrition leak, to increase fruit Quality, substantial amounts of useless flower can be produced during flower thinning, when actinidia tree grows naturally also can withered a lot of flowers, current fresh few There is the method that this type of flower is fully recycled.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems referred to above, the invention provides the artificial pollination method of a kind of Fructus actinidiae chinensis, have that method is simple, award The feature that powder rate is high.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The artificial pollination method of a kind of Fructus actinidiae chinensis, comprises the steps:
(1) prepared by pollen:
A., after Fructus actinidiae chinensis enters florescence, in the morning before 9:00, the male flower that will open is selected, standby under plucking at anthocaulus With, if excess moisture on male flower, the most first put in drier standby after dehydration；
B. being placed on by male flower in the mesh screen that aperture is 3mm, spread non-woven fabrics below mesh screen, both hands are rubbed gently, make flower pesticide and flower Lobe and filigree are peeled off, then shake mesh screen, are sieved to flower pesticide be layered on the non-woven fabrics below mesh screen, regather the flower pesticide on non-woven fabrics Pour into and the plastics mesh screen that aperture is 2mm is carried out sieve for the second time, reject the impurity such as petal and filigree, obtain clean flower pesticide Standby；
C. gained flower pesticide is put under conditions of temperature is 19 ~ 24 DEG C and toasts, treat that flower pesticide pops, after the pollen of yellow flows out, stop Only baking, crosses 220 mesh sieves by flower pesticide and pollen mixture, obtains Kiwi fruit pollen standby；
(2) prepared by petal extracting solution:
A. Fructus actinidiae chinensis petal is separated from flower, then put it under conditions of temperature is 39 ~ 43 DEG C, dry to water and contain Amount is 22 ~ 24% standby；
B. the Fructus actinidiae chinensis petal after drying is put into after being ground into rotten shape thing in pulverizer, further takes out and puts into its gross mass 3 times The ethanol solution that volumetric concentration is 80% in, extraction 8h after, filter petal extracting solution is standby；
(3) prepared by sepal extracting solution:
A. Fructus actinidiae chinensis sepal is separated from flower, then put it under conditions of temperature is 42 ~ 45 DEG C, dry to water and contain Amount is 17 ~ 21% standby；
B. the Fructus actinidiae chinensis sepal after drying is put into after being ground into rotten shape thing in pulverizer, further takes out and puts into its gross mass 3 times The ethanol solution that volumetric concentration is 90% in, extraction 8h after, filter sepal extracting solution is standby；
(4) prepared by pollen pollination liquid:
Weigh following material the most by weight: 23 portions of sucrose, 8 parts of oligochitosans, 3.5 parts of boric acid, 6 parts of Lac, 1 part of vitamin A, 1.2 parts of vitamin Cs, 0.7 part of vitamin E, 2 parts of fish oil, 1.5 parts of octadecyldimethyl Hydroxypropyl phosphate fat glycine betaines, 1.5 parts Calcium nitrate, 1 part of ammonium chloride, 0.5 part of iron-amino acid chelate, 0.4 part of zinc-amino acid chelate, 0.1 part of matrine；
B. take the deionized water of mentioned component gross mass 450 ~ 500 times, be heated to 40 ~ 42 DEG C, again that mentioned component is the most common Put in deionized water, obtain base fluid after being stirred continuously mix homogeneously standby；
C. by the pollen of step (1) gained, the petal extracting solution of step (2) gained, the sepal extracting solution of step (3) gained and Base fluid is by weight i.e. obtaining pollen pollination liquid after 0.1:6:2:100 mix homogeneously；
(5) artificial pollination: when Fructus actinidiae chinensis enters full-bloom stage, by pollen pollination liquid atomizing pollination device made for step (4) Being sprayed at female taking, the time of sprinkling is selected in 7.00 ~ 9:00 in morning or afternoon 2.00 ~ 4.00.
There is advantages that
(1) the useless flower produced during Kiwi growth is made full use of by the present invention, petal and sepal is therefrom entered Row separates, and prepares petal extracting solution and sepal extracting solution respectively, adds in pollen pollination liquid, on the one hand can improve the work of pollen Power, with the problem that the components matching such as sucrose improves the easy swelling death of pollen, extends the effective life of pollen pollination liquid, another Containing multiple natural chemical substance in aspect, petal extracting solution and sepal extracting solution, special abnormal smells from the patient can be given out, again can be spy Visible special fluorescence under standing wave length, this type of fluorescence can attract and guide the insecticides such as Apis to come to suck nectar, and then auxiliary passes Broadcast pollen, improve pollination success rate further.
(2) the pollen pollination liquid effect duration at normal temperatures of uniqueness of the present invention preparation is two days, pollen during this Vigor, without substantially reducing, improves the problem needing repeatedly to prepare pollination liquid in existing mode, reduces labor intensity, again can simultaneously Strengthen the pollination activity intensity of the insecticides such as Apis, compensate for ensure the problem that flower is all capped, final macaque when spraying The percentage of fertile fruit of Fructus Persicae, up to more than 98%, greatly improves planting benefit, additionally, the inventive method is simple, pollen consumption is few, cost Relatively low, there is good promotional value.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
The artificial pollination method of a kind of Fructus actinidiae chinensis, comprises the steps:
(1) prepared by pollen:
A., after Fructus actinidiae chinensis enters florescence, in the morning before 9:00, the male flower that will open is selected, standby under plucking at anthocaulus With, if excess moisture on male flower, the most first put in drier standby after dehydration；
B. being placed on by male flower in the mesh screen that aperture is 3mm, spread non-woven fabrics below mesh screen, both hands are rubbed gently, make flower pesticide and flower Lobe and filigree are peeled off, then shake mesh screen, are sieved to flower pesticide be layered on the non-woven fabrics below mesh screen, regather the flower pesticide on non-woven fabrics Pour into and the plastics mesh screen that aperture is 2mm is carried out sieve for the second time, reject the impurity such as petal and filigree, obtain clean flower pesticide Standby；
C. gained flower pesticide is put under conditions of temperature is 19 ~ 24 DEG C and toasts, treat that flower pesticide pops, after the pollen of yellow flows out, stop Only baking, crosses 220 mesh sieves by flower pesticide and pollen mixture, obtains Kiwi fruit pollen standby；
(2) prepared by petal extracting solution:
A. Fructus actinidiae chinensis petal is separated from flower, then put it under conditions of temperature is 39 ~ 43 DEG C, dry to water and contain Amount is 22 ~ 24% standby；
B. the Fructus actinidiae chinensis petal after drying is put into after being ground into rotten shape thing in pulverizer, further takes out and puts into its gross mass 3 times The ethanol solution that volumetric concentration is 80% in, extraction 8h after, filter petal extracting solution is standby；
(3) prepared by sepal extracting solution:
A. Fructus actinidiae chinensis sepal is separated from flower, then put it under conditions of temperature is 42 ~ 45 DEG C, dry to water and contain Amount is 17 ~ 21% standby；
B. the Fructus actinidiae chinensis sepal after drying is put into after being ground into rotten shape thing in pulverizer, further takes out and puts into its gross mass 3 times The ethanol solution that volumetric concentration is 90% in, extraction 8h after, filter sepal extracting solution is standby；
(4) prepared by pollen pollination liquid:
Weigh following material the most by weight: 23 portions of sucrose, 8 parts of oligochitosans, 3.5 parts of boric acid, 6 parts of Lac, 1 part of vitamin A, 1.2 parts of vitamin Cs, 0.7 part of vitamin E, 2 parts of fish oil, 1.5 parts of octadecyldimethyl Hydroxypropyl phosphate fat glycine betaines, 1.5 parts Calcium nitrate, 1 part of ammonium chloride, 0.5 part of iron-amino acid chelate, 0.4 part of zinc-amino acid chelate, 0.1 part of matrine；
B. take the deionized water of mentioned component gross mass 450 ~ 500 times, be heated to 40 ~ 42 DEG C, again that mentioned component is the most common Put in deionized water, obtain base fluid after being stirred continuously mix homogeneously standby；
C. by the pollen of step (1) gained, the petal extracting solution of step (2) gained, the sepal extracting solution of step (3) gained and Base fluid is by weight i.e. obtaining pollen pollination liquid after 0.1:6:2:100 mix homogeneously；
(5) artificial pollination: when Fructus actinidiae chinensis enters full-bloom stage, by pollen pollination liquid atomizing pollination device made for step (4) Being sprayed at female taking, the time of sprinkling is selected in 7.00 ~ 9:00 in morning or afternoon 2.00 ~ 4.00.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example 1 compared with Example 1, does not contains petal extracting solution and sepal extracting solution in made pollen pollination liquid, Method step in addition is the most identical.
Matched group 1
Existing common Fructus actinidiae chinensis liquid pollination method.
Matched group 2
Spontaneous pollination.
For contrasting effect of the present invention, by above-mentioned four kinds of modes, Fructus actinidiae chinensis being carried out pollination operation respectively, following table is corresponding Correction data:
Percentage of fertile fruit (%) Pure pollen amount (g) needed for average every mu Average every mu of pollination time (h)
Embodiment 1 98.5 8.6 0.5
Comparative example 1 93.6 10.8 0.7
Matched group 1 89.1 15.0 1.3
Matched group 2 70.2 / /
As seen from the above table, the inventive method compared with the conventional method, is using less pollen amount, is putting into relatively low artificial pollination Time cost, can obtain the percentage of fertile fruit effect of up to more than 98%, and be not added with petal extracting solution and the contrast of sepal extracting solution Embodiment 1, the using effect in different factors all has decline, and made pollen pollination liquid effective life was less than 1 day.

Claims (1)

1. the artificial pollination method of a Fructus actinidiae chinensis, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) prepared by pollen:
A., after Fructus actinidiae chinensis enters florescence, in the morning before 9:00, the male flower that will open is selected, standby under plucking at anthocaulus With, if excess moisture on male flower, the most first put in drier standby after dehydration；
B. being placed on by male flower in the mesh screen that aperture is 3mm, spread non-woven fabrics below mesh screen, both hands are rubbed gently, make flower pesticide and flower Lobe and filigree are peeled off, then shake mesh screen, are sieved to flower pesticide be layered on the non-woven fabrics below mesh screen, regather the flower pesticide on non-woven fabrics Pour into and the plastics mesh screen that aperture is 2mm is carried out sieve for the second time, reject the impurity such as petal and filigree, obtain clean flower pesticide Standby；
C. gained flower pesticide is put under conditions of temperature is 19 ~ 24 DEG C and toasts, treat that flower pesticide pops, after the pollen of yellow flows out, stop Only baking, crosses 220 mesh sieves by flower pesticide and pollen mixture, obtains Kiwi fruit pollen standby；
(2) prepared by petal extracting solution:
A. Fructus actinidiae chinensis petal is separated from flower, then put it under conditions of temperature is 39 ~ 43 DEG C, dry to water and contain Amount is 22 ~ 24% standby；
B. the Fructus actinidiae chinensis petal after drying is put into after being ground into rotten shape thing in pulverizer, further takes out and puts into its gross mass 3 times The ethanol solution that volumetric concentration is 80% in, extraction 8h after, filter petal extracting solution is standby；
(3) prepared by sepal extracting solution:
A. Fructus actinidiae chinensis sepal is separated from flower, then put it under conditions of temperature is 42 ~ 45 DEG C, dry to water and contain Amount is 17 ~ 21% standby；
B. the Fructus actinidiae chinensis sepal after drying is put into after being ground into rotten shape thing in pulverizer, further takes out and puts into its gross mass 3 times The ethanol solution that volumetric concentration is 90% in, extraction 8h after, filter sepal extracting solution is standby；
(4) prepared by pollen pollination liquid:
Weigh following material the most by weight: 23 portions of sucrose, 8 parts of oligochitosans, 3.5 parts of boric acid, 6 parts of Lac, 1 part of vitamin A, 1.2 parts of vitamin Cs, 0.7 part of vitamin E, 2 parts of fish oil, 1.5 parts of octadecyldimethyl Hydroxypropyl phosphate fat glycine betaines, 1.5 parts Calcium nitrate, 1 part of ammonium chloride, 0.5 part of iron-amino acid chelate, 0.4 part of zinc-amino acid chelate, 0.1 part of matrine；
B. take the deionized water of mentioned component gross mass 450 ~ 500 times, be heated to 40 ~ 42 DEG C, again that mentioned component is the most common Put in deionized water, obtain base fluid after being stirred continuously mix homogeneously standby；
C. by the pollen of step (1) gained, the petal extracting solution of step (2) gained, the sepal extracting solution of step (3) gained and Base fluid is by weight i.e. obtaining pollen pollination liquid after 0.1:6:2:100 mix homogeneously；
(5) artificial pollination: when Fructus actinidiae chinensis enters full-bloom stage, by pollen pollination liquid atomizing pollination device made for step (4) Being sprayed at female taking, the time of sprinkling is selected in 7.00 ~ 9:00 in morning or afternoon 2.00 ~ 4.00.
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107295968A (en) * 2017-07-26 2017-10-27 宿州忆十七农业发展有限公司 A kind of method of peento artificial pollination
CN107372089A (en) * 2017-06-30 2017-11-24 杨宝宝 A kind of preparation method of Kiwi fruit pollen liquid
CN107467593A (en) * 2017-08-10 2017-12-15 叶集区鑫隆果业有限公司 A kind of method for obtaining high vigor Kiwi fruit pollen
CN107509586A (en) * 2017-09-28 2017-12-26 界首市众建家庭农场 A kind of cultural method for improving big Kubo percentage of fertile fruit
CN107616089A (en) * 2017-11-09 2018-01-23 宁波浩丰农业科技有限公司 A kind of artificial pollination method for improving Kiwi berry percentage of fertile fruit
CN107853168A (en) * 2017-11-14 2018-03-30 中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心 Promote the artificial pollination method of the solid production seed of manglietia glauca
CN107926977A (en) * 2017-12-06 2018-04-20 丹阳市茂园果业专业合作社 A kind of special pollination liquid of Kiwi berry
CN109006458A (en) * 2018-07-24 2018-12-18 湖南省蔬菜研究所 A kind of pepper anther acquisition method
CN110384112A (en) * 2019-08-22 2019-10-29 四川华胜农业股份有限公司 A kind of Kiwi berry pollination liquid and preparation method and Kiwi berry pollinating method
CN110800605A (en) * 2019-11-14 2020-02-18 贵州省山地农业机械研究所 Kiwi pollen separation process
CN112997788A (en) * 2021-02-04 2021-06-22 佳木斯大学 Kiwi fruit facility cultivation method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107372089A (en) * 2017-06-30 2017-11-24 杨宝宝 A kind of preparation method of Kiwi fruit pollen liquid
CN107295968A (en) * 2017-07-26 2017-10-27 宿州忆十七农业发展有限公司 A kind of method of peento artificial pollination
CN107467593A (en) * 2017-08-10 2017-12-15 叶集区鑫隆果业有限公司 A kind of method for obtaining high vigor Kiwi fruit pollen
CN107509586A (en) * 2017-09-28 2017-12-26 界首市众建家庭农场 A kind of cultural method for improving big Kubo percentage of fertile fruit
CN107616089A (en) * 2017-11-09 2018-01-23 宁波浩丰农业科技有限公司 A kind of artificial pollination method for improving Kiwi berry percentage of fertile fruit
CN107853168A (en) * 2017-11-14 2018-03-30 中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心 Promote the artificial pollination method of the solid production seed of manglietia glauca
CN107926977A (en) * 2017-12-06 2018-04-20 丹阳市茂园果业专业合作社 A kind of special pollination liquid of Kiwi berry
CN109006458A (en) * 2018-07-24 2018-12-18 湖南省蔬菜研究所 A kind of pepper anther acquisition method
CN110384112A (en) * 2019-08-22 2019-10-29 四川华胜农业股份有限公司 A kind of Kiwi berry pollination liquid and preparation method and Kiwi berry pollinating method
CN110800605A (en) * 2019-11-14 2020-02-18 贵州省山地农业机械研究所 Kiwi pollen separation process
CN112997788A (en) * 2021-02-04 2021-06-22 佳木斯大学 Kiwi fruit facility cultivation method

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