CN110506628B - Liquid pollination method for amomum villosum - Google Patents
Liquid pollination method for amomum villosum Download PDFInfo
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- CN110506628B CN110506628B CN201910965142.4A CN201910965142A CN110506628B CN 110506628 B CN110506628 B CN 110506628B CN 201910965142 A CN201910965142 A CN 201910965142A CN 110506628 B CN110506628 B CN 110506628B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
- C05C5/04—Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing calcium nitrate
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine production, and particularly discloses a method for liquid pollination of amomum villosum, which comprises the following steps: preparing a pollen nutrient solution, wherein the pollen nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 12-18% of sucrose, 0.01-0.02% of boric acid, 0.03-0.05% of calcium nitrate and the balance of plant source gum, wherein the plant source gum is obtained by putting 5-15 parts of fresh dendrobium officinale stems and 1000 parts of clear water into a wall breaking machine for crushing, and filtering to remove residues; and then adding the collected pollen into a pollen nutrient solution to prepare a pollination solution with the pollen concentration of 0.6-0.8 g/L, and carrying out spray pollination in the full-bloom stage of amomum villosum. The liquid pollination method provided by the invention overcomes the problems of poor pollination, low fruit setting rate and the like caused by factors such as asynchronism of the amomum villosum in flowering phase, few pollination insects and the like, and improves pollination seed setting rate of the amomum villosum and the quality of the amomum villosum fruits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine production, and particularly relates to a method for liquid pollination of amomum villosum.
Background
The amomum villosum flowers are amphoteric flowers and are normal cross-pollinated plants, and can be self-pollinated and fructified, and also can be cross-pollinated and fructified. Because the shape and structure of flowers are special, pistils are higher than stamens, anthers of the stamens are below stigmas of the pistils, drug columns of the pistils are embedded in grooves of two drug chambers, the stigmas are slightly higher than the anthers, pollen hardly falls on the stigmas, thorn-shaped bulges are arranged on the surfaces of the pollen, the pollen is easy to adhere to each other, conglobation is difficult to spread, pollination is blocked, self-pollination is difficult, the pollen can be conveyed to the stigmas only through the help of external pollination media such as insects and the like to complete a pollination process, so that amomum villosum often has the phenomena of flowers without solidity or without solidity but not much, the natural fruiting rate is only 3-8%, the yield is low, and the production requirement is difficult to meet. The pollination rate of the amomum villosum can be improved by adopting artificial supplementary pollination in production, the current artificial pollination method of the amomum villosum comprises a push-pull method, a powder applying method and the like, and the pollination methods have the defects of time and labor consumption, low efficiency, easy damage to flowers and the like.
The liquid pollination is a novel pollination technology, has the characteristics of high pollination speed and labor saving, can increase the moisture and nutrition of stigma and prolong the pollination fertilization time of stigma, and has certain problems, such as poor suspension capability of pollen in nutrient solution, easy agglomeration, uneven dispersion, swelling in nutrient solution and death and the like. At present, liquid pollination is applied to some fruit trees such as pear trees, kiwi fruit trees and other crops, but the application of liquid pollination to amomum villosum is not reported in documents. The inventor carries out artificial auxiliary liquid pollination technical research according to the structural characteristics of the villous amomum fruit vase, carries out comprehensive research on the key technical link of the villous amomum fruit liquid pollination, screens out pollen nutrient solution suitable for the pollination of the villous amomum fruit, develops a liquid pollination technology with the advantages of cost saving and efficiency increasing, and achieves the aim of improving the fruiting rate of the villous amomum fruit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for liquid pollination of amomum villosum, which selects a pollen nutrient solution suitable for pollination of the amomum villosum, and improves pollination efficiency of the amomum villosum and fruiting rate of amomum villosum by carrying out artificial auxiliary pollination by a spraying method.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides a method for liquid pollination of amomum villosum, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a pollen nutrient solution: the pollen nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: adding cane sugar 12-18%, boric acid 0.01-0.02%, calcium nitrate 0.03-0.05% and the balance plant source gum into the plant source gum in sequence, and stirring to fully dissolve the cane sugar, the calcium nitrate and the boric acid to obtain a pollen nutrient solution;
the plant source glue is prepared by the following method: putting 5-15 parts of fresh dendrobium officinale stems and 1000 parts of clear water into a wall breaking machine for crushing, and filtering to remove residues to obtain plant source glue;
(2) pollen collection: selecting fructus Amomi flower with completely opened lip, and collecting pollen of fructus Amomi;
(3) spraying and pollinating the pollination liquid: adding the pollen collected in the step (2) into the pollen nutrient solution in the step (1), uniformly stirring to prepare pollination liquid with the pollen concentration of 0.6-0.8 g/L, and carrying out spray pollination in the full-bloom stage of amomum villosum.
Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the pollen nutrient solution is composed of the following raw materials by mass: the pollen nutrient solution comprises 12% of cane sugar, 0.02% of boric acid, 0.04% of calcium nitrate and the balance plant source glue, wherein the cane sugar in the pollen nutrient solution is a nutrient substance and can adjust the osmotic pressure inside and outside the pollen to prevent the pollen from swelling and cracking, the calcium nitrate and the boric acid can promote the pollen to germinate, the plant source glue has certain viscosity, a layer of colloidal substance can be coated on the surface of pollen particles to enable the pollen to be uniformly dispersed and suspended in the nutrient solution, and the plant source glue also has an active substance capable of promoting fructification of fructus amomi flowers.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the pollen concentration of the pollination solution is 0.6 g/L.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, pollination is completed within 4 hours after the pollen nutrient solution is prepared.
Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the specific process of pollen collection is as follows: the pollen is scraped or blown down by tweezers or an air gun for collection, or the pollen is taken down and then taken back indoors by an ice box for taking down.
Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the collected pollen is used up the day, the incomplete pollen is preserved for later use under the condition of refrigeration at 4 ℃, and the activity of the pollen needs to be detected before use.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, the spraying time of the pollination liquid is 8:00-12:00 in the morning, the fruit setting rate of pollination at the current period is highest, an electrostatic sprayer or a common spraying pot is adopted for spraying, the spraying frequency is 1-2 times, the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 2 days, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time every time, so that the pollination success rate is improved; the pure pollen consumption per mu of land is 7-12 g.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method for liquid pollination of amomum villosum in the invention overcomes the problems of poor pollination, low fruit setting rate and the like caused by factors of asynchronism villosum in flowering phase, few pollination insects and the like, and improves the pollination seed setting rate and the amomum villosum fruit setting quality.
2. The plant source glue prepared from the dendrobium officinale is used as a pollen dispersing agent, so that pollen is uniformly dispersed in a pollen nutrient solution and does not agglomerate, and the plant source glue has certain viscosity, so that the pollen viscosity can be increased, the adhesive force of pollen particles on flower columns is enhanced, and the pollination seed setting rate is improved; the plant source gum also contains active substances, and can promote fructification and fruit growth of fructus Amomi.
3. Compared with other pollination methods, the pollination method has the advantages of low labor cost, less time consumption, high efficiency and the like, and is simple, easy to operate and beneficial to popularization and application.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
The pollination test is carried out in six villages of Nalong Town of Chonglev city in Guangxi, the full bloom of Amomum villosum is selected as the pollination test object, and 10m flowers with consistent plant growth, normal flowers and uniform flower quantity are selected 2 The villous amomum villosum land is a test area for 1 liquid pollination, different proportion test treatment is randomly carried out, a natural pollination control group is arranged, and each embodiment is repeated for 3 times. And (4) counting the fructification rate (unit is%) 30 days after pollination, and taking the average value of the results of three tests. The weight of the dried amomum villosum fruit per square meter (in g) in each example was counted and averaged after 9 months of ripening when harvested.
Example 1
A method for liquid pollination of amomum villosum, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a pollen nutrient solution: putting 15 parts of fresh dendrobium officinale stems and 1000 parts of clear water into a wall breaking machine for crushing, and filtering to remove residues to obtain plant source glue; weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: adding sucrose 12%, boric acid 0.02%, calcium nitrate 0.04% and vegetable source gum in sequence, and stirring to dissolve completely to obtain pollen nutrient solution;
(2) pollen collection: selecting the Yangchun shahua with completely opened lip, scraping off or blowing off pollen by using a forceps or an air gun for collection, or taking off the small flower and then taking the small flower back indoors by using an ice box for taking off the pollen; the collected pollen is used up the day, and the used pollen is stored at 4 deg.C under refrigeration condition, and its activity is detected before use.
(3) Spraying and pollinating the pollination liquid: adding the pollen collected in the step (2) into the pollen nutrient solution obtained in the step (1), uniformly stirring to prepare a pollination solution with the pollen concentration of 0.6g/L, spraying the pollination solution for pollination by adopting an electrostatic sprayer or a common spraying pot in the full-bloom stage of amomum villosum, wherein the spraying time is 8:00-12:00 in the morning, the spraying frequency is 2 times, and the spraying is performed for 1 time every 2 days, and the spraying is performed for 1 time every time; the pure pollen consumption per mu of land is 7-12 g. .
Example 2
This example shows a method for liquid pollination of amomum villosum, which is different from example 1 in that: the pollen nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials: 18 percent of sucrose, 0.01 percent of boric acid, 0.03 percent of calcium nitrate and the balance of plant source glue, wherein the plant source glue is prepared by 5 parts of dendrobium officinale fresh stems and 1000 parts of clear water according to parts by mass, the pollen concentration of the pollination liquid is 0.8g/L, and other steps and condition parameters are the same as those in the example 1.
Example 3
This example shows a method for liquid pollination of Amomum villosum, which differs from example 1 in that: the pollen nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials: 15 percent of sucrose, 0.015 percent of boric acid, 0.05 percent of calcium nitrate and the balance of plant source glue, wherein the plant source glue is prepared from 10 parts of dendrobium officinale fresh stems and 1000 parts of clear water by mass, the pollen concentration of the pollination liquid is 0.7g/L, and other steps and condition parameters are the same as those in the example 1.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: in the pollen nutrient solution of the comparative example, xanthan gum and water are adopted to replace plant source gum, and the pollen nutrient solution is prepared by the following steps: weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: the pollen nutrient solution is prepared by the following steps of (1) fully stirring and dissolving xanthan gum by using boiling water, cooling to room temperature after fully stirring and dissolving the xanthan gum by using 12% of sucrose, 0.02% of boric acid, 0.04% of calcium nitrate, 0.06% of xanthan gum and the balance of water, and then sequentially adding sucrose, calcium nitrate and boric acid and stirring to fully dissolve the sucrose, the calcium nitrate and the boric acid to obtain a pollen nutrient solution; other steps and condition parameters were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the pollen nutrient solution of the comparative example 1 adopts common agar and water to replace plant source glue, and the pollen nutrient solution is prepared by the following steps: weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: the pollen nutrient solution is prepared by the steps of dissolving agar in boiling water by fully stirring 15% of sucrose, 0.02% of boric acid, 0.05% of calcium nitrate, 0.06% of agar and the balance of water, cooling to room temperature, then sequentially adding sucrose, calcium nitrate and boric acid, and stirring to fully dissolve the agar to obtain a pollen nutrient solution; the other steps and condition parameters were the same as in example 1.
Fresh weight of mature fruit hundred fruits fresh weight of mature fruit thousand seeds fresh weight: collecting fresh amomum villosum fruits, removing soil and fruit stalks on the surfaces of the fruits, randomly extracting 1000 seeds, placing the seeds on an analytical balance, weighing and recording the seeds, and repeatedly extracting the seeds for three times to obtain an average value.
The content of volatile oil is as follows: the volatile oil content of the amomum villosum dried seeds is tested by referring to a volatile oil measuring method in 'Chinese pharmacopoeia' 2015 edition.
The content of bornyl acetate is as follows: referring to 'Chinese pharmacopoeia' 2015, the content of bornyl acetate in the amomum villosum dry seeds is measured by a gas chromatograph.
And (3) test results: as can be seen from Table 1, the setting percentage of the liquid pollination is higher than 50%, which is obviously higher than the setting percentage of the comparative example (xanthan gum replaces the plant source gum) and the setting percentage of the natural pollination, which shows that the liquid pollination method of the invention can effectively improve the setting percentage of the amomum villosum. Table 2 shows the fruit quality data of different pollination treatments, and as can be seen from Table 2, the liquid pollination method has no influence on the fruit quality, the fruit weight, the seed volatile oil content and the borneol acetate content are increased after liquid pollination, and the fruit quality is relatively improved, which indicates that the liquid pollination method can improve the quality of the amomum villosum fruit to a certain extent.
Table 1 pollination seed set percentage in examples and comparative examples
| Test group | Setting percentage (%) after pollination for 30 days | Yield of dried fruit (g/m) 2 ) |
| Example 1 | 58.2 | 6.1 |
| Example 2 | 51.1 | 5.7 |
| Example 3 | 62.7 | 6.9 |
| Comparative example 1 | 23.6 | 2.7 |
| Comparative example 2 | 28.2 | 3.6 |
| Control group for natural pollination | 7.8 | 1.1 |
TABLE 2 influence of liquid pollination on the quality of Amomum villosum fruit
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A method for liquid pollination of amomum villosum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a pollen nutrient solution: the pollen nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 12-18% of sucrose, 0.01-0.02% of boric acid, 0.03-0.05% of calcium nitrate and the balance of plant source gum;
the plant source glue is prepared by the following method: putting 5-15 parts of fresh dendrobium officinale stems and 1000 parts of clear water into a wall breaking machine for crushing, and filtering to remove residues to obtain plant source glue;
(2) pollen collection: selecting fructus Amomi flower with completely opened lip, and collecting pollen of fructus Amomi;
(3) spraying and pollinating the pollination liquid: adding the pollen collected in the step (2) into the pollen nutrient solution in the step (1), uniformly stirring to prepare pollination solution with the pollen concentration of 0.6-0.8 g/L, and carrying out pollination solution spray pollination in the full-bloom stage of amomum villosum.
2. The method for liquid pollination of amomum villosum in yangchun according to claim 1, wherein the pollen nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 12% of cane sugar, 0.02% of boric acid, 0.04% of calcium nitrate and the balance of plant source gum.
3. The method for liquid pollination of amomum villosum in yangchun according to claim 1, wherein the pollen concentration of the pollination liquid is 0.6 g/L.
4. The method for liquid pollination of amomum villosum in yangchun according to claim 1, wherein the pollination is completed within 4 hours after the preparation of the pollen nutrient solution is completed.
5. The method for liquid pollination of amomum villosum in yangchun according to claim 1, wherein the pollen collection comprises the following steps: the pollen is scraped or blown down by tweezers or an air gun for collection, or the pollen is taken down and then taken back indoors by an ice box for taking down.
6. The method for liquid pollination of amomum villosum lour, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the pollination liquid is sprayed for 8:00-12:00 in the morning by an electrostatic sprayer or a common spraying pot for 1-2 times every 2 days for 1 time, and the pure pollen is sprayed for 1 time every mu of land, wherein the pure pollen is 7-12 g per mu of land.
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