CN113854146B

CN113854146B - Macadamia nut flowering phase regulation and hybrid pollination method

Info

Publication number: CN113854146B
Application number: CN202111280151.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蔡元保; 杨祥燕
Original assignee: Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute
Current assignee: Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute
Priority date: 2021-11-01
Filing date: 2021-11-01
Publication date: 2023-03-24
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-01
Also published as: CN113854146A

Abstract

According to the method for regulating the flowering phase of the macadimia nuts and cross pollination, partial leaves are cut off before female parent plants bloom, and meanwhile, root irrigation liquid is applied, so that the female parent plants can be promoted to bloom, and the flowering phase of the female parent plants is advanced; spraying a flower forcing agent added with gibberellin on the female parent plant, wherein the gibberellin in the flower forcing agent mainly promotes the development of flower organs, so that the flowering phase of the female parent plant comes ahead; vitamin C and amino acid raw powder are added into the flower forcing agent, so that the problem of low hybrid fruit setting rate caused by insufficient nutrition is solved; sodium alginate is also added into the flower forcing agent, which is helpful for enhancing the absorption of gibberellin in the flower forcing agent by female parent plants; when the flower forcing agent added with gibberellin is sprayed on the female parent plant, illumination control is carried out at night, and the development of flower organs is promoted; the flowering phases of different macadimia nuts are different, and the flowering phases of female parent plants are advanced through multiple ways, so that the flowering phases of different varieties are consistent, and great convenience is brought to the hybrid breeding of the macadimia nuts.

Description

Macadamia nut flowering phase regulation and hybrid pollination method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a macadimia nut flowering phase regulation and hybrid pollination method.

Background

The macadamia nut is also named as Kunzea chestnut, macadamia walnut, macadamia nut and Kunzea fruit, and is a tree nut native to Australia. Macadamia nuts belong to evergreen trees and dicotyledonous plants. The tree crown is tall and big, 3-4 leaves are recurrent, needle-shaped, leather, smooth and thorn-shaped sawteeth are arranged on the edge. Raceme axillary, flower beige, spherical fruit, pericarp, hard endocarp, and kernel beige to light brown. Is suitable for growing in mild, humid and windy areas. Among the numerous dried fruits in the world, macadamia nut is the most economically valuable, enjoying the reputation of "king of dried fruit". Macadamia nut is rich in nutrition (milk white), its epicarp is green, its endocarp is hard and brown, its single fruit weight is 15-16 g, oil content is about 70%, protein is 9%, and contains 17 amino acids including 8 amino acids necessary for human body, and also contains mineral substances and vitamins. The macadamia nut is crisp, tender and delicious, has unique cream fragrance, is an edible fruit with the best quality in the world, has the beauty of 'dried fruit queen' and 'world nut king', and has far better flavor and mouthfeel than cashew nuts. Macadamia nut can be used for making dried fruits, cakes, chocolates, edible oil, cosmetics and the like. In addition, macadamia nut also has high nutritional value and medicinal value.

At present, when macadimia nuts naturally bloom, the flowering phases of different varieties are different, and great troubles are brought to the hybrid breeding of the macadimia nuts. The final fruit setting rate of the natural hybridization of the macadimia nuts is extremely low, and only 0.3 percent of the macadimia nuts can form stable young fruits. In each small flower of macadamia, the style of the pistil is long, while the stamen is short, both pistil and stamen being enveloped in a slender tube. When manual castration is carried out, the floral tube needs to be torn, but the pistil is often damaged, and in severe cases, the pistil falls off, so that the final fruit setting rate of the manual macadimia nut hybridization is further reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a macadimia nut flowering phase regulation and hybrid pollination method which can improve the hybrid pollination efficiency and has high fruit setting rate.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a macadimia nut flowering phase regulation and hybrid pollination method comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting a female parent and pretreating: selecting macadamia nut plants which grow well and do not have diseases and insect pests as female parent plants; cutting off 10-15% of leaves 40-45 days before the female parent plant blooms, and simultaneously applying 200-250 ml of root irrigation liquid to the root of each female parent plant; the root irrigation solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 150 to 180 parts of biogas slurry, 3 to 5 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 12 to 13 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 3.8 to 4.3 parts of potassium fertilizer and 0.2 to 0.4 part of manganese fertilizer;

step S2, female parent flower forcing: spraying 350-450 ml of flower forcing agent solution on the whole plant 30-35 days before the female parent plant blooms every 5-7 days, wherein the flower forcing agent solution consists of gibberellin, vitamin C, amino acid raw powder, sodium alginate and water, the concentration of the gibberellin is 50-60 mg/L, the concentration of the vitamin C is 14-16 g/L, the concentration of the amino acid raw powder is 12-14 g/L, and the concentration of the sodium alginate is 20-30 g/L; meanwhile, illumination control is carried out at night, the illumination time is 4-6 h every night, and the illumination intensity is 60-80 LX;

s3, selecting a male parent and preprocessing: selecting macadimia nut plants which grow well and have no plant diseases and insect pests as male parent plants; cutting off a flower-carrying branch with good growth of a male flower from a male parent plant, carrying out water culture on the flower-carrying branch, waiting until the male flower is mature, and collecting pollen;

step S4, artificial pollination:

step S41, in the bud period, castrating the female parent plant in the step S2 and bagging to obtain castrated female flowers;

step S42, when the castrated female flowers are mature, the pollen collected in the step S3 is taken for artificial pollination;

s43, removing the bagging after 7-10 days of artificial pollination;

and S5, harvesting: and (4) after the fruit on the female parent plant is mature, the hybridized macadimia nut seed can be collected.

Further, in the step S1, macadamia nut plants which grow well and do not have plant diseases and insect pests are selected as female parent plants; shearing off 12-15% of leaves 42-45 days before the female parent plant blooms, and simultaneously applying 230-250 ml of root irrigation liquid to the root of each female parent plant; the root irrigation solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 160 to 180 portions of biogas slurry, 4 to 5 portions of nitrogen fertilizer, 12.5 to 13 portions of magnesium fertilizer, 4.0 to 4.3 portions of potassium fertilizer and 0.3 to 0.4 portion of manganese fertilizer.

Further, in the step S2, spraying 380-450 ml of flower forcing agent solution on the whole plant every 6-7 days 32-35 days before the female parent plant blooms, wherein the flower forcing agent solution consists of gibberellin, vitamin C, amino acid raw powder, sodium alginate and water, the concentration of the gibberellin is 55-60 mg/L, the concentration of the vitamin C is 15-16 g/L, the concentration of the amino acid raw powder is 13-14 g/L, and the concentration of the sodium alginate is 25-30 g/L; meanwhile, illumination control is carried out at night, the illumination time is 5-6 h every night, and the illumination intensity is 60-80 LX.

Further, in the step S2, the illumination control is performed at night, and the illumination time starts from 8 pm.

Further, the water planting nutrient solution is used in the step S3 when the flowering branches are cultivated in water, each liter of the water planting nutrient solution contains 80-90 mg of acetylsalicylic acid, 250-260 mg of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 120-150 mg of ammonium nitrate, 0.004-0.006 mg of zinc sulfate, 0.002-0.004 mg of manganese sulfate, 0.5-0.7 mg of boric acid, 4-6 mg of ferrous sulfate and 14-16 g of glucose.

Further, the water planting nutrient solution is used in the step S3 when water planting flowering branches, each liter of the water planting nutrient solution contains 85-90 mg of acetylsalicylic acid, 255-260 mg of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 130-150 mg of ammonium nitrate, 0.005-0.006 mg of zinc sulfate, 0.003-0.004 mg of manganese sulfate, 0.6-0.7 mg of boric acid, 5-6 mg of ferrous sulfate and 15-16 g of glucose.

Further, when the boughs with flowers are cultured in water in the step S3, nutrient solution is sprayed on the boughs with flowers once every morning, noon and evening, the nutrient solution consists of garlic solution, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, glucose, sodium alginate and water, the concentration of the garlic solution is 4-6 g/L, the concentration of the magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is 0.4-0.6 g/L, the concentration of the glucose is 13-15 g/L, and the concentration of the sodium alginate is 15-18 g/L.

Further, in the step S3, the flower-carrying branches are hydroponically planted under the conditions that the temperature is 12-15 ℃ and the relative humidity is 65-70%.

Further, on the second day after the detasseling in the step S4 is completed, a repairing agent is sprayed on the pistil to repair the damaged portion of the pistil, and the repairing agent is bee pollen.

Further, be provided with constant temperature equipment on the used pollination device during artificial pollination in step S4, have homothermal function, can guarantee the activity of pollen.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method for regulating the flowering phase of the macadimia nuts and cross pollination, partial leaves are cut off before female parent plants bloom, so that the consumption of the leaves on nutrients of the female parent plants can be reduced, meanwhile, root irrigation liquid is applied to supplement the nutrients to the female parent plants, the flowering of the female parent plants can be promoted, and the flowering phase of the female parent plants is advanced; spraying a flower forcing agent added with gibberellin on a female parent plant, wherein the gibberellin is a plant growth factor and can influence the growth and development of plants, and the gibberellin in the flower forcing agent mainly promotes the development of flower organs so that the flowering phase of the female parent plant comes ahead; vitamin C and amino acid raw powder are added into the flower forcing agent, so that sufficient nutrition is provided for the mature development of floral organs, and the problem of low hybrid fruit setting rate caused by insufficient nutrition is avoided; sodium alginate is also added into the flower forcing agent, and the sodium alginate can increase the adhesion and the absorption performance of the flower forcing agent on the surface of a female parent plant, is beneficial to enhancing the absorption of the female parent plant on gibberellin in the flower forcing agent, and improves the effective utilization rate of the flower forcing agent; when the flower forcing agent added with gibberellin is sprayed on the female parent plant, illumination control is carried out at night, the development of flower organs is further promoted, and the flowering phase of the female parent plant is advanced; the flowering phases of different varieties are different, and the flowering phases of the female parent plants are advanced through multiple ways, so that the flowering phases of different varieties are consistent, and great convenience is brought to macadamia nut hybridization breeding.

According to the method for regulating the flowering phase of the macadimia nuts and carrying out hybrid pollination, a proper amount of acetylsalicylic acid is added into a hydroponic nutrient solution, the acetylsalicylic acid can influence the development of flower organs in the hydroponic flowering branches, the effect of delaying the development of the flower organs is mainly played, the male flower maturation can be delayed for 7-15 days, and great convenience is brought to the flowering phase regulation of the macadimia nut hybrid breeding under the condition that the flowering phases of different varieties are different; when the flower-carrying branches are hydroponically planted, nutrient solution is sprayed on the flower-carrying branches, the nutrient solution can supplement nutrients required by the development of flower organs, and further the success rate of hybrid pollination is improved; the temperature and humidity of water culture are limited, the effect of delaying the respiration of the flowering branch can be achieved, and the maturity time of male flowers is further prolonged; when manual castration is performed, the floral tube needs to be torn, but the pistil is often damaged, and the pistil can fall off seriously, and bee pollen for repairing the pistil is sprayed on the pistil on the second day after castration is completed, so that the repairing effect of the pistil is good, and the success rate of hybrid pollination can be improved; be provided with constant temperature equipment on the pollination device, have homothermal function, can guarantee the activity of pollen, further improve the cross pollination success rate.

Detailed Description

The following examples may help one skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.

According to the method for regulating the flowering phase of the macadimia nuts and carrying out hybrid pollination, the tree age of a selected female parent plant is preferably 10-16 years, the macadimia nuts are in the full bearing period, and the success rate of hybrid pollination is higher; the age of the selected male parent plant is preferably 12-18 years, and the female parent plant and the male parent plant grow well without diseases and insect pests.

According to the method for regulating the flowering phase of the macadimia nuts and the hybrid pollination, the constant temperature device is arranged on the pollination device, the constant temperature function is achieved, the temperature of pollen is regulated to 37-42 ℃ during pollination, the activity of the pollen can be guaranteed, and the success rate of the hybrid pollination is further improved; specifically, the pollination device can be a commercially available pollination device similar to a needle cylinder structure, and pollen can be ensured to be at a proper temperature during pollination and the activity of the pollen can be ensured only by installing a constant temperature device on the needle cylinder device; also can put into the thermostat with the pollination device before the pollination, pollinate again after the constant temperature, pollen is in suitable temperature when also guaranteeing the pollination this moment, guarantees the activity of pollen, improves the hybridization pollination success rate.

According to the method for regulating flowering phase and cross pollination of macadimia nuts, nitrogen fertilizer used by root irrigation liquid can be urea, magnesium fertilizer can be commercially available water-soluble magnesium fertilizer, potassium fertilizer can be potassium chloride, and manganese fertilizer can be manganese sulfate monohydrate.

The invention relates to a method for regulating flowering phase of macadimia nuts and cross pollination, wherein the time of female parent flower forcing operation is started from 30-35 days before flowering, and the flower forcing operation can be stopped after the flower is bloomed.

According to the method for regulating the flowering phase of macadimia nuts and performing hybrid pollination, the garlic liquid in the nutrient solution is juice obtained by squeezing garlic, the nutrient solution contains the garlic liquid, the morbidity of anthracnose of flowering branches can be reduced by over 80%, and the situation that leaves are withered and yellow and black spots appear on the leaves due to anthracnose of hydroponic flowering branches is basically avoided.

Example 1

A macadimia nut flowering phase regulation and hybrid pollination method comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting a female parent and pretreating: selecting 7 macadimia nut plants which have good growth vigor, no plant diseases and insect pests, tree age of 10-16 years and variety HY as female parent plants; cutting off 10% of leaves 40 days before the female parent plants bloom, and applying 200ml of root irrigation liquid to the roots of each female parent plant; the root irrigation solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 150 parts of biogas slurry, 3 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 12 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 3.8 parts of potassium fertilizer and 0.2 part of manganese fertilizer;

step S2, female parent flower forcing: spraying 350ml of a flower forcing agent solution on the whole plant 30 days before the female parent plant blooms every 5 days, wherein the flower forcing agent solution consists of gibberellin, vitamin C, amino acid raw powder, sodium alginate and water, the concentration of the gibberellin is 50 mg/L, the concentration of the vitamin C is 14 mg/L, the concentration of the amino acid raw powder is 12g/L, and the concentration of the sodium alginate is 20g/L; meanwhile, illumination control is carried out at night, the illumination time starts from 8 o' clock at night, the illumination time is 4h every night, and the illumination intensity is 60-80 LX;

s3, selecting a male parent and preprocessing: selecting 4 macadimia nut plants which are good in growth vigor, free of diseases and insect pests, 10-16 years old and 842 in variety as male parent plants; cutting the flowering branches with good growth of male flowers from male parent plants, carrying out water culture on the flowering branches by using a water culture nutrient solution under the conditions that the temperature is 12 ℃ and the relative humidity is 65%, spraying the nutrient solution on the flowering branches once every morning, noon and evening until the male flowers are mature, and collecting pollen;

each liter of the water culture nutrient solution contains acetylsalicylic acid 80 mg, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 250 mg, ammonium nitrate 120 mg, zinc sulfate 0.004 mg, manganese sulfate 0.002 mg, boric acid 0.5 mg, ferrous sulfate 4 mg and glucose 14g;

the nutrient solution consists of garlic solution, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, glucose, sodium alginate and water, wherein the concentration of the garlic solution is 4g/L, the concentration of the magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is 0.4g/L, the concentration of the glucose is 13g/L, and the concentration of the sodium alginate is 15g/L;

step S4, artificial pollination:

step S41, in the bud period, castrating and bagging the female parent plant in the step S2 to obtain castrated female flowers; on the second day after the castration is finished, spraying a repairing agent on the pistil to repair the damaged part of the pistil, wherein the repairing agent is bee pollen;

step S42, when the castrated female flowers are mature, the pollen collected in the step S3 is taken for artificial pollination; a constant temperature device is arranged on a pollination device used in artificial pollination, the constant temperature device has a constant temperature function, and the temperature of pollen is adjusted to 37 ℃ in pollination, so that the activity of the pollen can be ensured;

s43, removing the bagging 7-10 days after the artificial pollination is finished;

In the embodiment, in order to increase the flowering phase difference between the female parent plant and the male parent plant, the planting field of the female parent plant is selected from a high-cold mountain area in a certain place in Guangxi, and the planting field of the male parent plant is selected from a non-high-cold mountain area in Guangxi; due to the influence of weather, the flowering phase of the female parent plant is delayed, while the flowering phase of the male parent plant comes normally, so that the difference of the flowering phases of the female parent plant and the male parent plant is larger;

therefore, in the practical operation process of the embodiment, flower forcing treatment is carried out on the female parent plant, the maturation time of female flowers is accelerated, and the flowering phase of the female parent plant can be advanced by 10-15 days; the male parent plant is treated by the water culture flower-bearing branches, the male flower maturation time is delayed, and the flowering phase of the male parent plant can be delayed by 10-15 days.

Example 2

s1, selecting a female parent and pretreating: selecting 7 macadimia nut plants which have good growth vigor, no plant diseases and insect pests, tree age of 10-16 years and variety HY as female parent plants; cutting off 15% of leaves 45 days before the female parent plant blooms, and simultaneously applying 250ml of root irrigation liquid to the root of each female parent plant; the root irrigation solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 180 parts of biogas slurry, 5 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 13 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 4.3 parts of potassium fertilizer and 0.4 part of manganese fertilizer;

step S2, female parent flower forcing: spraying 450ml of a flower forcing agent solution on the whole female parent plant 35 days before flowering of the female parent plant every 7 days, wherein the flower forcing agent solution consists of gibberellin, vitamin C, amino acid raw powder, sodium alginate and water, the concentration of the gibberellin is 60 mg/L, the concentration of the vitamin C is 16g/L, the concentration of the amino acid raw powder is 14g/L, and the concentration of the sodium alginate is 30g/L; meanwhile, illumination control is carried out at night, the illumination time starts from 8 o' clock at night, the illumination time is 6h every night, and the illumination intensity is 60-80 LX;

s3, selecting a male parent and preprocessing: selecting 4 macadimia nut plants which are good in growth vigor, free of diseases and insect pests, 10-16 years old and 842 in variety as male parent plants; cutting the flowering branches with good growth of male flowers from male parent plants, carrying out water culture on the flowering branches by using a water culture nutrient solution under the conditions that the temperature is 15 ℃ and the relative humidity is 70%, spraying the nutrient solution on the flowering branches once every morning, noon and evening until the male flowers are mature, and collecting pollen;

each liter of the water culture nutrient solution contains acetylsalicylic acid 90 mg, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 260 mg, ammonium nitrate 150 mg, zinc sulfate 0.006 mg, manganese sulfate 0.004 mg, boric acid 0.7 mg, ferrous sulfate 6 mg and glucose 16g;

the nutrient solution consists of garlic solution, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, glucose, sodium alginate and water, wherein the concentration of the garlic solution is 6g/L, the concentration of the magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is 0.6g/L, the concentration of the glucose is 15g/L, and the concentration of the sodium alginate is 18g/L;

step S4, artificial pollination:

step S41, in the bud period, castrating the female parent plant in the step S2 and bagging to obtain castrated female flowers; on the second day after the castration is finished, spraying a repairing agent on the pistil to repair the damaged part of the pistil, wherein the repairing agent is bee pollen;

step S42, when the castrated female flowers are mature, the pollen collected in the step S3 is taken for artificial pollination; a constant temperature device is arranged on a pollination device used in artificial pollination, the constant temperature device has a constant temperature function, and the temperature of pollen is adjusted to 42 ℃ in pollination, so that the activity of the pollen can be ensured;

step S5, harvesting: and (4) after the fruit on the female parent plant is mature, the hybridized macadimia nut seed can be collected.

In the embodiment, in order to increase the difference of the flowering periods of the female parent plant and the male parent plant, the planting field of the female parent plant is selected in a high-cold mountain area of a certain place in Guangxi, and the planting field of the male parent plant is selected in a non-high-cold mountain area in Guangxi; due to the influence of weather, the flowering phase of the female parent plant is delayed, while the flowering phase of the male parent plant comes normally, so that the difference of the flowering phases of the female parent plant and the male parent plant is larger;

therefore, in the actual operation process of the embodiment, the female parent plant is subjected to flower forcing treatment, the maturation time of female flowers is accelerated, and the flowering phase of the female parent plant can be advanced by 10-15 days; the male parent plant is treated by the water culture flower-bearing branches, the male flower maturation time is delayed, and the flowering phase of the male parent plant can be delayed by 10-15 days.

Example 3

s1, selecting a female parent and pretreating: selecting 7 macadimia nut plants which have good growth vigor, no plant diseases and insect pests, tree age of 10-16 years and variety HY as female parent plants; shearing off 12% of leaves 42 days before the female parent plant blooms, and simultaneously applying 230ml of root irrigation liquid to the root of each female parent plant; the root irrigation solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 160 parts of biogas slurry, 4 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 12.5 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 4.0 parts of potassium fertilizer and 0.3 part of manganese fertilizer;

step S2, female parent flower forcing: spraying 380ml of a flower forcing agent solution to the whole female parent plant 32 days before flowering, wherein the flower forcing agent solution consists of gibberellin, vitamin C, amino acid raw powder, sodium alginate and water, the concentration of the gibberellin is 55 mg/L, the concentration of the vitamin C is 15 mg/L, the concentration of the amino acid raw powder is 13g/L, and the concentration of the sodium alginate is 25g/L; meanwhile, illumination control is carried out at night, the illumination time starts from 8 o' clock at night, the illumination time is 5h every night, and the illumination intensity is 60-80 LX;

s3, selecting a male parent and preprocessing: selecting 4 macadimia nut plants which are good in growth vigor, free of diseases and insect pests, 10-16 years old and 842 in variety as male parent plants; cutting a flowering branch with good growth of a male flower from a male parent plant, carrying out water culture on the flowering branch by using a water culture nutrient solution under the conditions that the temperature is 13 ℃ and the relative humidity is 68%, spraying the nutrient solution on the flowering branch once every morning, noon and evening until the male flower is mature, and collecting pollen;

contain acetylsalicylic acid 85 mg in every liter the hydroponics nutrient solution, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 255 mg, ammonium nitrate 130 mg, zinc sulfate 0.005 mg, magnesium sulfate 0.003 mg, magnesium sulfate is mg, magnesium borate 0.6 mg, magnesium sulfate 5 mg, red light, magnesium glucose 15g;

the nutrient solution consists of garlic solution, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, glucose, sodium alginate and water, wherein the concentration of the garlic solution is 5g/L, the concentration of the magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is 0.5g/L, the concentration of the glucose is 14g/L, and the concentration of the sodium alginate is 16g/L;

step S4, artificial pollination:

step S42, when the castrated female flowers are mature, the pollen collected in the step S3 is taken for artificial pollination; a constant temperature device is arranged on a pollination device used in artificial pollination, the constant temperature device has a constant temperature function, and the temperature of pollen is adjusted to 40 ℃ in pollination, so that the activity of the pollen can be ensured;

Example 4

s1, selecting a female parent and pretreating: selecting 7 macadimia nut plants which have good growth vigor, no plant diseases and insect pests, tree age of 10-16 years and variety HY as female parent plants; shearing off 12% of leaves 42 days before the female parent plant blooms, and simultaneously applying 230ml of root irrigation liquid to the root of each female parent plant; the root irrigation solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 160 parts of biogas slurry, 4 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 12.5 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 4.0 parts of potassium fertilizer and 0.3 part of manganese fertilizer;

s3, selecting a male parent and preprocessing: selecting 4 macadimia nut plants which are good in growth vigor, free of diseases and insect pests, 10-16 years old and 842 in variety as male parent plants; cutting the flowering branches with good growth of male flowers from male parent plants, carrying out water culture on the flowering branches by using a water culture nutrient solution under the conditions that the temperature is 13 ℃ and the relative humidity is 68%, spraying the nutrient solution on the flowering branches once every morning, noon and evening until the male flowers are mature, and collecting pollen;

each liter of the water culture nutrient solution contains 255 mg magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 130 mg ammonium nitrate, 0.005 mg zinc sulfate, 0.003 mg manganese sulfate, 0.6 mg boric acid and 5 mg ferrous sulfate and 15g glucose;

step S4, artificial pollination:

step S42, when the castrated female flowers are mature, carrying out artificial pollination on the pollen collected in the step S3; a constant temperature device is arranged on a pollination device used in artificial pollination, the constant temperature device has a constant temperature function, and the temperature of pollen is adjusted to 40 ℃ in pollination, so that the activity of the pollen can be ensured;

therefore, in the practical operation process of the embodiment, flower forcing treatment is carried out on the female parent plant, the maturation time of female flowers is accelerated, and the flowering phase of the female parent plant can be advanced by 10-15 days; the male parent plant is treated by the water culture flower-carrying branches, the water culture nutrient solution does not contain acetylsalicylic acid, the effect of delaying the male flower maturation time is poor, and the flowering phase of the male parent plant can be delayed for 3-5 days.

Example 5

s1, selecting a female parent and pretreating: selecting 7 macadimia nut plants which have good growth vigor, no plant diseases and insect pests, 10-16 years of age and HY variety as female parent plants; shearing off 12% of leaves 42 days before the female parent plant blooms, and simultaneously applying 230ml of root irrigation liquid to the root of each female parent plant; the root irrigation solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 160 parts of biogas slurry, 4 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 12.5 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 4.0 parts of potassium fertilizer and 0.3 part of manganese fertilizer;

step S2, female parent flower forcing: spraying 380ml of a flower forcing agent solution on the whole female parent plant 32 days before flowering of the female parent plant every 6 days, wherein the flower forcing agent solution consists of gibberellin, vitamin C, amino acid raw powder, sodium alginate and water, the concentration of the gibberellin is 55 mg/L, the concentration of the vitamin C is 15g/L, the concentration of the amino acid raw powder is 13g/L, and the concentration of the sodium alginate is 25g/L; meanwhile, illumination control is carried out at night, the illumination time starts from 8 o' clock at night, the illumination time is 5h every night, and the illumination intensity is 60-80 LX;

s3, selecting a male parent and preprocessing: selecting 4 macadimia nut plants which are good in growth vigor, free of diseases and insect pests, 10-16 years old and 842 in variety as male parent plants; cutting off a flowering branch with good growth of a male flower from a male parent plant, carrying out water culture on the flowering branch by using a water culture nutrient solution under the conditions that the temperature is 13 ℃ and the relative humidity is 68%, and collecting pollen after the male flower is mature;

each liter of the water culture nutrient solution contains acetylsalicylic acid 85 mg, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 255 mg, ammonium nitrate 130 mg, zinc sulfate 0.005 mg, manganese sulfate 0.003 mg, boric acid 0.6 mg, ferrous sulfate 5 mg and glucose 15g;

step S4, artificial pollination:

Example 6

s3, selecting a male parent and preprocessing: selecting 4 macadimia nut plants which are good in growth vigor, free of plant diseases and insect pests, 10-16 years old and 842 in variety as male parent plants; cutting a flowering branch with good growth of a male flower from a male parent plant, carrying out water culture on the flowering branch by using a water culture nutrient solution under the conditions that the temperature is 13 ℃ and the relative humidity is 68%, spraying the nutrient solution on the flowering branch once every morning, noon and evening until the male flower is mature, and collecting pollen;

the nutrient solution consists of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, glucose, sodium alginate and water, wherein the concentration of the garlic solution is 5g/L, the concentration of the magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is 0.5g/L, the concentration of the glucose is 14g/L, and the concentration of the sodium alginate is 16g/L;

step S4, artificial pollination:

step S41, in the bud period, castrating the female parent plant in the step S2 and bagging to obtain castrated female flowers; on the second day after castration is completed, spraying a repairing agent on pistils to repair the damaged parts of the pistils, wherein the repairing agent is bee pollen;

therefore, in the actual operation process of the embodiment, the female parent plant is subjected to flower forcing treatment, the maturation time of female flowers is accelerated, and the flowering phase of the female parent plant can be advanced by 10-15 days; the male parent plant is treated by the water culture flowering branch, the male flower maturation time is delayed, and the flowering phase of the male parent plant can be delayed by 10-15 days; the nutrient solution does not contain garlic liquid, and the prevalence rate of anthracnose of the boughs with flowers is increased by more than 80 percent compared with that of example 3.

Example 7

s1, selecting a female parent and pretreating: selecting 7 macadimia nut plants which have good growth vigor, no plant diseases and insect pests, tree age of 10-16 years and variety HY as female parent plants; 12% of leaves are cut off 42 days before the female parent plants bloom, and 230ml of root irrigation liquid is applied to the roots of each female parent plant; the root irrigation solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 160 parts of biogas slurry, 4 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 12.5 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 4.0 parts of potassium fertilizer and 0.3 part of manganese fertilizer;

s3, selecting a male parent and preprocessing: selecting 4 macadimia nut plants which are good in growth vigor, free of diseases and insect pests, 10-16 years old and 842 in variety as male parent plants; cutting off a flowering branch with good growth of a male flower from a male parent plant, carrying out water culture on the flowering branch by using a water culture nutrient solution, spraying the nutrient solution on the flowering branch once every morning, noon and evening until the male flower is mature, and collecting pollen;

step S4, artificial pollination:

s43, removing the bagging after 7-10 days of artificial pollination;

In the embodiment, in order to increase the difference of the flowering periods of the female parent plant and the male parent plant, the planting field of the female parent plant is selected in a high-cold mountain area of a certain place in Guangxi, and the planting field of the male parent plant is selected in a non-high-cold mountain area in Guangxi; due to the influence of weather, the flowering phase of the female parent plant is delayed, while the flowering phase of the male parent plant arrives normally, so that the flowering phases of the female parent plant and the male parent plant are different;

therefore, in the actual operation process of the embodiment, the female parent plant is subjected to flower forcing treatment, the maturation time of female flowers is accelerated, and the flowering phase of the female parent plant can be advanced by 10-15 days; the male parent plant is treated by the water culture flower-bearing branches, the male flower maturation time is delayed, and the flowering phase of the male parent plant can be delayed by 7-10 days.

Example 8

s1, selecting a female parent and pretreating: selecting 7 macadimia nut plants which have good growth vigor, no plant diseases and insect pests, 10-16 years of age and HY variety as female parent plants; shearing off 12% of leaves 42 days before the female parent plant blooms, and simultaneously applying 230ml of root irrigation liquid to the root of each female parent plant; the root irrigation solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 160 parts of biogas slurry, 4 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 12.5 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 4.0 parts of potassium fertilizer and 0.3 part of manganese fertilizer;

s3, selecting a male parent and preprocessing: selecting 4 macadimia nut plants which are good in growth vigor, free of plant diseases and insect pests, 10-16 years old and 842 in variety as male parent plants; cutting the flowering branches with good growth of male flowers from male parent plants, carrying out water culture on the flowering branches by using a water culture nutrient solution under the conditions that the temperature is 13 ℃ and the relative humidity is 68%, spraying the nutrient solution on the flowering branches once every morning, noon and evening until the male flowers are mature, and collecting pollen;

step S4, artificial pollination:

Example 9

step S4, artificial pollination:

Comparative example 1

s1, selecting a female parent and pretreating: selecting 7 macadimia nut plants which have good growth vigor, no plant diseases and insect pests, tree age of 10-16 years and variety HY as female parent plants;

female parent flower forcing: spraying 380ml of a flower forcing agent solution to the whole female parent plant 32 days before flowering, wherein the flower forcing agent solution consists of gibberellin, vitamin C, amino acid raw powder, sodium alginate and water, the concentration of the gibberellin is 55 mg/L, the concentration of the vitamin C is 15 mg/L, the concentration of the amino acid raw powder is 13g/L, and the concentration of the sodium alginate is 25g/L; meanwhile, illumination control is carried out at night, the illumination time starts from 8 o' clock at night, the illumination time is 5h every night, and the illumination intensity is 60-80 LX;

s2, selecting a male parent and preprocessing: selecting 4 macadimia nut plants which are good in growth vigor, free of diseases and insect pests, 10-16 years old and 842 in variety as male parent plants; cutting a flowering branch with good growth of a male flower from a male parent plant, carrying out water culture on the flowering branch by using a water culture nutrient solution under the conditions that the temperature is 13 ℃ and the relative humidity is 68%, spraying the nutrient solution on the flowering branch once every morning, noon and evening until the male flower is mature, and collecting pollen;

step S3, artificial pollination:

step S31, in the bud period, castrating the female parent plant in the step S1 and bagging to obtain castrated female flowers; on the second day after the castration is finished, spraying a repairing agent on the pistil to repair the damaged part of the pistil, wherein the repairing agent is bee pollen;

step S32, when the castrated female flowers are mature, the pollen collected in the step S2 is taken for artificial pollination; a constant temperature device is arranged on a pollination device used in artificial pollination, the constant temperature device has a constant temperature function, and the temperature of pollen is adjusted to 40 ℃ in pollination, so that the activity of the pollen can be ensured;

s33, removing the bagging 7-10 days after the artificial pollination is finished;

and S4, harvesting: and (4) after the fruit on the female parent plant is mature, the hybridized macadimia nut seed can be collected.

therefore, in the actual operation process of the embodiment, the female parent plant is subjected to flower forcing treatment, the maturation time of female flowers is accelerated, and the flowering phase of the female parent plant can be advanced by 6-8 days; the male parent plant is treated by the water culture flower-bearing branches, the male flower maturation time is delayed, and the flowering phase of the male parent plant can be delayed by 10-15 days.

Comparative example 2

the nutrient solution consists of garlic liquid, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, glucose, sodium alginate and water, wherein the concentration of the garlic liquid is 5g/L, the concentration of the magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is 0.5g/L, the concentration of the glucose is 14g/L, and the concentration of the sodium alginate is 16g/L.

therefore, in the actual operation process of this embodiment, flower forcing treatment is not performed on the female parent plant, so that the difference between the flowering phases of the female parent plant and the male parent plant is too large, and thus cross pollination cannot be completed.

Comparative example 3

step S2, female parent flower forcing: spraying 380ml of a flower forcing agent solution to the whole female parent plant 32 days before flowering, wherein the flower forcing agent solution consists of gibberellin, vitamin C, amino acid raw powder, sodium alginate and water, the concentration of the gibberellin is 55 mg/L, the concentration of the vitamin C is 15 mg/L, the concentration of the amino acid raw powder is 13g/L, and the concentration of the sodium alginate is 25g/L;

step S4, artificial pollination:

therefore, in the actual operation process of the embodiment, the female parent plant is subjected to flower forcing treatment to accelerate the maturation time of female flowers, but the flowering phase of the female parent plant can be advanced by 7-9 days without light control treatment; the male parent plant is treated by the water culture flower-bearing branches, the male flower maturation time is delayed, and the flowering phase of the male parent plant can be delayed by 10-15 days.

Comparative example 4

step S2, female parent flower forcing: spraying 380ml of a flower forcing agent solution to the whole plant every 6 days 32 days before the flowering of the female parent plant, wherein the flower forcing agent solution consists of gibberellin and water, and the concentration of the gibberellin is 55 mg/L; meanwhile, illumination control is carried out at night, the illumination time starts from 8 o' clock at night, the illumination time is 5h every night, and the illumination intensity is 60-80 LX;

step S4, artificial pollination:

therefore, in the practical operation process of the embodiment, flower forcing treatment is carried out on the female parent plant to accelerate the mature time of female flowers, but the flower forcing agent solution only contains gibberellin, the flower forcing effect is greatly reduced, and the flowering phase of the female parent plant can be advanced by 7-9 days; the male parent plant is treated by the water culture flower-bearing branches, the male flower maturation time is delayed, and the flowering phase of the male parent plant can be delayed by 10-15 days.

The results of the above examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were analyzed: counting the success rate of hybrid pollination;

tables 1 to 2 below show statistical tables of the analysis results in examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 4;

TABLE 1 percentage of fertile inflorescences from examples 1 to 9

Number of items	Average percentage of fertile fruit per inflorescence (%)
		Example 1	1.33
Example 2	1.32
		Example 3	1.38
Example 4	1.34
		Example 5	0.71
Example 6	1.32
		Example 7	1.31
Example 8	0.68
		Example 9	0.73

TABLE 2 percentage of fertile inflorescences for comparative examples 1 to 4

Number of items	Average percentage of fertile fruit per inflorescence (%)
		Comparative example 1	1.30
Comparative example 2	1.33
		Comparative example 3	1.32
Comparative example 4	0.75

It should be noted that the average fruit set rate per inflorescence in the above analysis results is calculated according to the number of stable young fruits formed; according to the analysis results, partial leaves of the macadimia nut are cut off before the female parent plant blooms, so that the consumption of the leaves on the nutrients of the female parent plant can be reduced, and meanwhile, the root irrigation liquid is applied to supplement the nutrients for the female parent plant, so that the female parent plant can be promoted to bloom, and the flowering phase of the female parent plant is advanced; spraying a flower forcing agent added with gibberellin on a female parent plant, wherein the gibberellin is a plant growth factor and can influence the growth and development of plants, and the gibberellin in the flower forcing agent mainly promotes the development of flower organs so that the flowering phase of the female parent plant comes ahead; vitamin C and amino acid raw powder are added into the flower forcing agent, so that sufficient nutrition is provided for the mature development of floral organs, and the problem of low hybrid fruit setting rate caused by insufficient nutrition is avoided; sodium alginate is also added into the flower forcing agent, and the sodium alginate can increase the adhesiveness and the absorbability of the flower forcing agent on the surface of a female parent plant, is beneficial to enhancing the absorption of the female parent plant on gibberellin in the flower forcing agent, and improves the effective utilization rate of the flower forcing agent; when the flower forcing agent added with gibberellin is sprayed on the female parent plant, illumination control is carried out at night, the development of flower organs is further promoted, and the flowering phase of the female parent plant is advanced; the flowering phases of different varieties are different, and the flowering phases of the female parent plants are advanced through multiple ways, so that the flowering phases of different varieties are consistent, and great convenience is brought to macadimia nut hybridization breeding; the method is characterized in that a water culture flower-bearing branch is subjected to water culture, a proper amount of acetylsalicylic acid is added into a water culture nutrient solution, the acetylsalicylic acid can influence the development of flower organs in the water culture flower-bearing branch, the development of the flower organs is mainly delayed, the maturation of male flowers can be delayed for 7-15 days, and great convenience is brought to the regulation and control of the flowering phase of the hybridization breeding of the macadimia nuts under the condition that the flowering phases of different varieties are different; when the flower-bearing branches are hydroponically planted, nutrient solution is sprayed on the flower-bearing branches, and the nutrient solution can supplement nutrients required by the development of flower organs, so that the success rate of hybrid pollination is improved; the temperature and humidity of water culture are limited, the effect of delaying the respiration of the flowering branch can be achieved, and the maturity time of male flowers is further prolonged; when manual castration is performed, the floral tube needs to be torn, but the pistil is often damaged, and the pistil can fall off seriously, and bee pollen for repairing the pistil is sprayed on the pistil on the second day after castration is completed, so that the repairing effect of the pistil is good, and the success rate of hybrid pollination can be improved; be provided with constant temperature equipment on the pollination device, have homothermal function, can guarantee the activity of pollen, further improve the cross pollination success rate.

Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all such modifications and alterations be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A macadimia nut flowering phase regulation and hybrid pollination method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s3, selecting a male parent and preprocessing: selecting macadamia nut plants with good growth vigor and no plant diseases and insect pests as male parent plants; cutting off a flower-carrying branch with good growth of a male flower from a male parent plant, carrying out water culture on the flower-carrying branch, waiting until the male flower is mature, and collecting pollen;

when the flower-carrying branches are hydroponically planted, the water planting nutrient solution is used, each liter of the water planting nutrient solution contains 80-90 g of acetylsalicylic acid, 250-260 g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 120-150 g of ammonium nitrate, 0.004-0.006 g of zinc sulfate, 0.002-0.004 mg of manganese sulfate, 0.5-0.7 g of boric acid, 4-6 g of ferrous sulfate and 14-16 g of glucose;

when the flower-carrying branches are hydroponically planted, nutrient solution is sprayed on the flower-carrying branches once every morning, evening and night, the nutrient solution consists of garlic solution, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, glucose, sodium alginate and water, the concentration of the garlic solution is 4-6 g/L, the concentration of the magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is 0.4-0.6 g/L, the concentration of the glucose is 13-15 g/L, and the concentration of the sodium alginate is 15-18 g/L;

step S4, artificial pollination:

2. The method for controlling flowering period and cross pollination of macadimia nuts, according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, macadimia nut plants with good growth and no plant diseases and insect pests are selected as female parent plants; shearing off 12-15% of leaves 42-45 days before the female parent plants bloom, and applying 230-250 ml of root irrigation liquid to the roots of each female parent plant; the root irrigation solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 160 to 180 portions of biogas slurry, 4 to 5 portions of nitrogen fertilizer, 12.5 to 13 portions of magnesium fertilizer, 4.0 to 4.3 portions of potassium fertilizer and 0.3 to 0.4 portion of manganese fertilizer.

3. The method for controlling flowering phase and hybrid pollination of macadimia nuts, according to claim 1, in step S2, 380 to 450ml of flower forcing agent solution is sprayed on the whole macadimia nut plant every 6 to 7 days 32 to 35 days before flowering of the female parent plant, wherein the flower forcing agent solution is composed of gibberellin, vitamin C, amino acid raw powder, sodium alginate and water, the concentration of gibberellin is 55 to 60 mg/L, the concentration of vitamin C is 15 to 16 mg/L, the concentration of amino acid raw powder is 13 to 14g/L, and the concentration of sodium alginate is 25 to 30g/L; meanwhile, illumination control is carried out at night, the illumination time is 5-6 h every night, and the illumination intensity is 60-80 LX.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the lighting control is performed during night in step S2, and the lighting time starts at 8 pm.

5. The method for adjusting flowering phase and cross pollination of macadimia nuts according to claim 1, wherein a water planting nutrient solution is used in the step S3 when flowering branches are planted in water, each liter of the water planting nutrient solution contains 85-90 mg of acetylsalicylic acid, 255-260 mg of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 130-150 mg of ammonium nitrate, 0.005-0.006 mg of zinc sulfate, 0.003-0.004 mg of manganese sulfate, 0.6-0.7 mg of boric acid, 5-6 mg of ferrous sulfate and 15-16 g of glucose.

6. The method for controlling flowering phase and hybrid pollination of macadimia nuts, according to claim 1, wherein the flowering branches are hydroponically planted in step S3 under the conditions that the temperature is 12-15 ℃ and the relative humidity is 65-70%.

7. The method for controlling flowering phase and hybrid pollination of macadimia nuts, as claimed in claim 1, wherein a constant temperature device is arranged on the pollination device used in the artificial pollination in step S4, so as to have a constant temperature function and ensure the activity of pollen.