CN109089871B - Artificial pollination device and method for momordica grosvenori - Google Patents
Artificial pollination device and method for momordica grosvenori Download PDFInfo
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- CN109089871B CN109089871B CN201810851812.5A CN201810851812A CN109089871B CN 109089871 B CN109089871 B CN 109089871B CN 201810851812 A CN201810851812 A CN 201810851812A CN 109089871 B CN109089871 B CN 109089871B
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Abstract
The application provides a manual pollination device and a method for momordica grosvenori, wherein the manual pollination device for momordica grosvenori comprises an air bag, a pollen nutrient solution collector and a pollen collector, and a drawable plate is arranged between the pollen nutrient solution collector and the pollen collector; the pollen channel is a universal pipe; the application also includes a first telescoping member and a second telescoping member; in the artificial pollination device for the momordica grosvenori, the drawable plate is drawn away during pollination, the pollen nutrient solution flows into the pollen collector under the action of gravity, gas in the air bag is extruded out, pollen is sprayed on female flowers under the action of the gas, and the spraying enables the female flowers with larger area to be subjected to pollen; the pollen nutrient solution can moisten pollen, keep pollen vitality, increase the adhesion of the pollen and improve pollination; the application provides a first scalable piece, second scalable piece and universal pipe pollen passageway can carry out artificial pollination to the female flower of any growing position, improves artificial pollination's success rate.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to an artificial pollination device and method for momordica grosvenori.
Background
Fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii is a plant belonging to genus Momordica of family Cucurbitaceae, also called Hanguo and CHANGSHOU; the sweet momordica grosvenori is not only a superior food, but also is well-known for clearing heat, relieving cough, moistening intestines and relaxing bowels, and is used as a good medicine for treating diseases such as bronchitis, sphagitis, acute gastritis and the like; the momordica grosvenori contains various amino acids and vitamins, a large amount of inorganic elements and the like, and in addition, momordica grosvenori kernels also contain rich oleic acid and linoleic acid, so that coronary heart disease can be effectively prevented and treated, and angiosclerosis can be prevented.
The grosvener siraitia is a male and female variant plant, and can secrete a smell which is rejected by insects, so artificial pollination is needed; in the morning, the male flowers bloom, pollen grains are exposed most exuberantly, and meanwhile, the stigmas of the female flowers have strong adhesive force, so that artificial pollination is performed on the momordica grosvenori in the morning generally; however, the flowering time of the momordica grosvenori is concentrated, flowers which are generally bloomed in the same day but not in the same noon are withered in the same day, and artificial pollination is often arranged in the afternoon period in order to improve the pollination amount and yield of the momordica grosvenori. However, the female flower stigma is dry in the afternoon, the adhesive force of the female flower stigma is weak, the success rate of artificial pollination is low, and the fruit setting rate of the momordica grosvenori is low; in the traditional artificial pollination method, pollen is dipped by a cotton swab or a brush pen and faces the pollen at the stigma points of the female flowers one by one, a large amount of labor is required to be invested, the working efficiency is low, the female flowers with higher or deviated growth positions can be omitted, and the success rate of artificial pollination is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a device and a method for artificial pollination of momordica grosvenori to improve the success rate and the working efficiency of artificial pollination.
In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the application discloses the following technical scheme:
the application provides a device for artificial pollination of momordica grosvenori, which comprises an air bag, a pollen nutrient solution collector and a pollen collector, wherein the pollen nutrient solution collector is in a conical shape; the pollen collector is cylindrical; a drawable plate is arranged between the pollen nutrient solution collector and the pollen collector; the air pipe is communicated with the air bag; one end of the pollen collector is provided with a pollen channel; the pollen channel is a polyethylene pipe and is a universal pipe; one end of the pollen channel is provided with a pollen cover; the pollen cover is funnel-shaped, and an arc-shaped baffle is arranged around the opening end of the pollen cover; a first telescopic piece is arranged between the air pipe and the pollen collector; one end of the pollen collector is provided with a second telescopic piece.
Preferably, the artificial pollination device further comprises a handle, and the handle is connected with the second telescopic piece.
Preferably, a stirring piece is arranged in the pollen collector.
Preferably, a through hole is formed at the opening end of the pollen nutrient solution collector, which is in contact with the pollen collector.
The application also provides an artificial pollination method of the momordica grosvenori, which comprises the following steps:
preparing a pollination nutrient solution for later use;
picking up the completely opened male flowers, placing the male flowers in a room for drying for 24 hours, and collecting pollen of the male flowers for later use;
pouring the collected pollen of the male flowers into a pollen collector;
pouring the pollination nutrient solution into a pollen nutrient solution collector;
the hand-held artificial pollination device is aimed at the head of a female flower for pollination.
Preferably, the pollination nutrient solution comprises honey, water, boric acid and sodium alginate.
The honey contains abundant glucose, fructose, vitamins, minerals and amino acids, can provide nutrients and energy for pollen germination, has certain viscosity, can enable pollen to be better adhered to female flower stigmas, and improves the success rate of artificial pollination.
The boric acid is white powdery crystal, and the boron element contained in the boric acid is used as a trace element for pollen germination, so that the pollen vitality can be increased, and the pollen germination probability can be increased.
Sodium alginate is a natural polysaccharide high molecular compound, and is subjected to cross-linking reaction with hydrogen ions in water to form gel with certain viscosity, and the viscosity of honey can be further increased by adding sodium alginate into honey.
Preferably, the pollination nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:
50-60g of honey, 400-500g of water, 0.5-1g of boric acid and 15-20g of sodium alginate.
Preferably, the preparing a pollination nutrient solution comprises:
weighing the honey, the water, the sodium alginate and the boric acid according to the mass ratio;
dissolving the sodium alginate and the boric acid in the water to obtain a mixed solution;
and adding the mixed solution into the honey, and stirring the mixture uniformly to obtain the pollination nutrient solution.
The application provides a manual pollination device and a method for momordica grosvenori, wherein the manual pollination device for momordica grosvenori comprises an air bag, a pollen nutrient solution collector and a pollen collector, wherein the pollen nutrient solution collector is in a conical shape; the pollen collector is cylindrical; a drawable plate is arranged between the pollen nutrient solution collector and the pollen collector; the air pipe is communicated with the air bag; one end of the pollen collector is provided with a pollen channel; one end of the pollen channel is provided with a pollen cover; the pollen cover is funnel-shaped, and an arc-shaped baffle is arranged around the opening end of the pollen cover; a first telescopic part is arranged between the air pipe and the pollen collector; one end of the pollen collector is provided with a second telescopic piece; has the following beneficial effects:
(1) In the artificial pollination device for the momordica grosvenori, the drawable plate is drawn away during pollination operation, the pollen nutrient solution flows into the pollen collector under the action of gravity, at the moment, pollen is mixed with the pollen nutrient solution, meanwhile, an operator manually extrudes gas in the air bag, under the action of the gas, the pollen and the pollen nutrient solution are sprayed on the female stigma together, and the spraying operation mode can enable the female stigma with a larger area to be subjected to the pollen, so that the labor force investment can be reduced and the working efficiency can be improved compared with the traditional pollination method;
(2) When the pollen is dry, the adhesion of the pollen is weak, and the pollen nutrient solution provided by the application can moisten the pollen, so that the pollen activity can be kept, the adhesion of the pollen is increased, and the pollination is improved; female flowers with higher growing positions can be omitted in the traditional artificial pollination method, the artificial pollination device provided by the application comprises a first telescopic piece and a second telescopic piece, the first telescopic piece and the second telescopic piece can be arranged to stretch to increase the height of the artificial pollination device provided by the application, and an operator can complete pollination of the female flowers with higher growing positions without external force, so that the female flowers with higher growing positions can not be omitted, and the success rate of artificial pollination can be further improved; pollen passageway in this application is universal pipe, is connected with the one end of pollen passageway for the pollen cover, and the orientation of pollen cover can be changed according to the growth position flexibility of female flower to the setting of universal pipe to change the direction that pollen sprayed, can carry out artificial pollination to the female flower of any growth position, can improve artificial pollination's success rate further.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without any creative effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an artificial pollination device for Momordica grosvenori provided by the present application;
description of reference numerals: 1-air bag, 2-pollen nutrient solution collector, 3-pollen collector, 4-drawable plate, 5-air pipe, 6-pollen channel, 7-pollen cover, 71-arc baffle, 8-first telescopic piece, 9-second telescopic piece, 10-handle, 11-stirring piece and 12-through hole.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an artificial pollination method of momordica grosvenori provided by the application.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The application provides a device for artificial pollination of momordica grosvenori, specifically refer to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the device for artificial pollination of momordica grosvenori provided by the application, and the device comprises an air bag 1, a pollen nutrient solution collector 2 and a pollen collector 3, wherein the pollen nutrient solution collector 2 is set to be conical; the pollen collector 3 is cylindrical; a drawable plate 4 is arranged between the pollen nutrient solution collector 2 and the pollen collector 3; the air pipe 5 is communicated with the air bag 1; one end of the pollen collector 3 is provided with a pollen channel 6; the pollen channel 6 is a polyethylene pipe and is a universal pipe; one end of the pollen channel 6 is provided with a pollen cover 7; the pollen cover 7 is funnel-shaped, and an arc-shaped baffle 71 is arranged around the pollen cover opening end; a first telescopic part 8 is arranged between the air pipe 5 and the pollen collector 3; one end of the pollen collector 3 is provided with a second telescopic part 9.
Specifically, during pollination, pollen is placed in the pollen collector 3, and the prepared pollen nutrient solution is poured into the pollen nutrient solution collector 2, so that the wettability of the pollen is increased by the pollen nutrient solution, and the possibility of pollen germination is increased; the drawable plate 4 is drawn away during pollination operation, the pollen nutrient solution flows to the pollen collector 3 under the action of gravity, pollen and the pollen nutrient solution are mixed at the moment, meanwhile, an operator manually extrudes gas in the air bag 1, the pollen and the pollen nutrient solution are sprayed on the female flower stigma together under the action of the gas, and the spraying operation mode can enable the female flower stigma with a larger area to receive the pollen, so that the labor force investment can be reduced and the working efficiency can be improved compared with the traditional pollination method.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, when the growth positions of female flowers are higher or deviated, the female flowers with the higher or deviated growth positions may be missed by a traditional pollination mode, the artificial pollination device of the momordica grosvenori provided by the application comprises a first telescopic piece 8 and a second telescopic piece 9, the height of the artificial pollination device can be increased after the first telescopic piece 8 and the second telescopic piece 9 are stretched, and workers can pollinate the female flowers with the higher growth positions when standing on the ground; the artificial pollination device for the momordica grosvenori further comprises a pollen channel 6, wherein the pollen channel 6 is a universal pipe, and female flowers with more deviated growth positions can be pollinated by changing the angle and the direction of the pollen channel; of course, the positions of the first telescopic member 8 and the second telescopic member 9 may be adjusted according to the growing position of the female flower.
Further, when the pollination operation, but take out pull board 4, pollen nutrient solution flows in the pollen collector under the action of gravity in, but the setting of pull board 4 can be realized separately depositing pollen and pollen nutrient solution, be not mix together pollen and pollen nutrient solution before the pollination operation in the traditional mode, if mix in advance together, when the pollen has the surplus, the pollen nutrient solution is because of mixing with the pollen, the pollen nutrient solution just can not continue to use and produce extravagantly this moment, it can increase the utilization ratio of pollen nutrient solution to separately deposit pollen and pollen nutrient solution.
In addition, pollen and pollen nutrient solution spray to female flower on via pollen cover 7, pollen cover 7 can increase and spray the area, however when the growth region of female flower is concentrated, too big spraying area can cause the waste of pollen and pollen nutrient solution, in this application, be equipped with cowl 71 around the mouthful end of pollen cover 7, cowl 71 can restrict the spraying area of pollen and pollen nutrient solution too big, can draw in the spraying area of pollen and pollen nutrient solution in, thereby can avoid the waste of pollen and pollen nutrient solution, increase the utilization ratio of pollen and pollen nutrient solution.
Further, the artificial pollination device also comprises a handle 10, and the handle 10 is connected with the second telescopic piece 9.
The setting of handle can make things convenient for the operation personnel to hold the artificial pollination device that this application provided, and the handle links to each other with the scalable piece of second, can increase the height of artificial pollination device behind the scalable piece of tensile second, realizes the pollination to the higher female flower in growth position.
Further, a stirring piece 11 is arranged in the pollen collector 3.
The pollen and the pollen nutrient solution are uniformly mixed together under the action of the stirring piece, so that the pollen nutrient solution can better act on the pollen.
Furthermore, a through hole 12 is arranged at the opening end of the pollen nutrient solution collector 2, which is in contact with the pollen collector 3.
The pollen nutrient solution flows into the pollen collector through the through hole, and the pollen nutrient solution can slowly flow into the pollen collector through the arrangement of the through hole, so that the acting time of the pollen nutrient solution and the pollen is prolonged.
The application provides a method for artificially pollinating siraitia grosvenorii, specifically referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a method for artificially pollinating siraitia grosvenorii provided by the application, and the method comprises the following steps:
s01: preparing pollination nutrient solution for later use;
s02: picking up the completely opened male flowers, placing the male flowers in a room for drying for 24 hours, and collecting the pollen of the male flowers for later use;
s03: pouring the collected pollen of the male flowers into a pollen collector 3;
s04: pouring the pollination nutrient solution into a pollen nutrient solution collector 2;
s05: the hand-held artificial pollination device is aimed at the head of a female flower for pollination.
Further, the pollination nutrient solution comprises honey, water, boric acid and sodium alginate.
In order to further optimize the scheme, the pollination nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:
50-60g of honey, 400-500g of water, 0.5-1g of boric acid and 15-20g of sodium alginate.
Specifically, the preparation of the pollination nutrient solution comprises the following steps:
weighing honey, water, sodium alginate and boric acid according to the mass ratio;
dissolving sodium alginate and boric acid in water to obtain a mixed solution;
adding the mixed solution into the honey, and stirring uniformly to obtain the pollen nutrient solution.
The artificial pollination method of Momordica grosvenori disclosed in this application is exemplified as follows.
Example 1:
s101: weighing 50g of honey, 400g of water, 0.5g of boric acid and 15g of sodium alginate for later use;
dissolving 0.5g of boric acid and 15g of sodium alginate in water to obtain a mixed solution;
adding the mixed solution into 50g of honey, and stirring uniformly to obtain a pollen nutrient solution;
s102: picking up the completely opened male flowers, placing the male flowers in a room for drying for 24 hours, and collecting the pollen of the male flowers for later use;
s103: pouring the collected pollen of the male flowers into a pollen collector;
s104: pouring the pollen nutrient solution into a pollen nutrient solution collector;
s105: the artificial pollination device of the momordica grosvenori, provided by the application, is held by hand to align with the female stigma for pollination.
Example 2:
s201: weighing 50g of honey, 400g of water, 0.5g of boric acid and 15g of sodium alginate for later use;
dissolving 0.5g of boric acid and 15g of sodium alginate in water to obtain a mixed solution;
adding the mixed solution into 50g of honey, and stirring uniformly to obtain a pollen nutrient solution;
s202: picking up the completely opened male flowers, placing the male flowers in a room for drying for 24 hours, and collecting pollen of the male flowers for later use;
s203: pouring the collected pollen of the male flowers into a pollen collector;
s204: pouring the pollen nutrient solution into a pollen nutrient solution collector;
s205: the artificial pollination device of the momordica grosvenori, provided by the application, is held by hand to align with the female stigma for pollination.
Example 3:
s301: weighing 50g of honey, 400g of water, 0.5g of boric acid and 15g of sodium alginate for later use;
dissolving 0.5g of boric acid and 15g of sodium alginate in water to obtain a mixed solution;
adding the mixed solution into 50g of honey, and stirring uniformly to obtain a pollen nutrient solution;
s302: picking up the completely opened male flowers, placing the male flowers in a room for drying for 24 hours, and collecting the pollen of the male flowers for later use;
s303: pouring the collected pollen of the male flowers into a pollen collector;
s304: pouring the pollen nutrient solution into a pollen nutrient solution collector;
s305: the artificial pollination device of the momordica grosvenori, provided by the application, is held by hand to align with the female stigma for pollination.
In order to explore the effect of the artificial pollination method of momordica grosvenori provided by the application, a certain amount of fruit setting rate is selected to evaluate the success rate of the artificial pollination method provided by the application, the fruit setting rate is in direct proportion to the success rate of artificial pollination, and high fruit setting rate means that the success rate of artificial pollination is high.
| Number of flowers tested | Number of fruit set | Percentage of fruit set (%) | |
| Example 1 | 1000 | 972 | 97.2 |
| Example 2 | 1000 | 950 | 95.0 |
| Example 3 | 1000 | 966 | 96.6 |
| Comparative example | 1000 | 920 | 92.0 |
The result shows that the artificial pollination method provided by the application has a better fruit setting rate compared with the traditional artificial pollination method, and the success rate of the artificial pollination method provided by the application is higher.
Since the above embodiments are all described by referring to and combining with other embodiments, the same portions are provided between different embodiments, and the same and similar portions between the various embodiments in this specification may be referred to each other. And will not be described in detail herein.
Other embodiments of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the application and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the application being indicated by the following claims.
The above-described embodiments of the present application do not limit the scope of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. An artificial pollination device for grosvenor momordica fruit is characterized by comprising an air bag (1), a pollen nutrient solution collector (2), a pollen collector (3) and a handle (10), wherein,
the pollen nutrient solution collector (2) is in a conical shape;
the pollen collector (3) is cylindrical;
a stirring piece (11) is arranged in the pollen collector (3);
a drawable plate (4) is arranged between the pollen nutrient solution collector (2) and the pollen collector (3);
a through hole (12) is arranged at the opening end of the pollen nutrient solution collector (2) which is contacted with the pollen collector (3);
the air pipe (5) is communicated with the air bag (1);
one end of the pollen collector (3) is provided with a pollen channel (6);
the pollen channel (6) is a polyethylene pipe and is a universal pipe;
a pollen cover (7) is arranged at one end of the pollen channel (6);
the pollen cover (7) is funnel-shaped, and an arc-shaped baffle (71) is arranged around the opening end of the pollen cover (7);
a first telescopic part (8) is arranged between the air pipe (5) and the pollen collector (3);
one end of the pollen collector (3) is provided with a second telescopic part (9);
the handle (10) is connected with the second telescopic part (9).
2. An artificial pollination method of momordica grosvenori is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing pollination nutrient solution for later use;
picking up the completely opened male flowers, placing the male flowers in a room for drying for 24 hours, and collecting the pollen of the male flowers for later use;
pouring the collected pollen of the male flowers into a pollen collector;
pouring the pollination nutrient solution into a pollen nutrient solution collector;
the device of claim 1 held in hand and aimed at the stigma of a female flower for pollination.
3. The artificial pollination method of claim 2, wherein the pollination nutrient solution comprises honey, water, boric acid and sodium alginate.
4. The artificial pollination method of claim 3, wherein the pollination nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60g of honey, 400-500g of water, 0.5-1g of boric acid and 15-20g of sodium alginate.
5. The artificial pollination method of claim 2, wherein the preparing the pollination nutrient solution comprises:
weighing honey, water, sodium alginate and boric acid according to the mass ratio;
dissolving the sodium alginate and the boric acid in the water to obtain a mixed solution;
and adding the mixed solution into the honey, and stirring uniformly to obtain the pollen nutrient solution.
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| CN110012832A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-07-16 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | A method of Queensland nut percentage of fertile fruit is improved by artificial supplementary pollination |
| CN110651707A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-07 | 广西医科大学 | Artificial pollination instrument and pollination method for momordica grosvenori |
| CN113854146B (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2023-03-24 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Macadamia nut flowering phase regulation and hybrid pollination method |
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| CN106879454B (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2020-04-03 | 钱敬乐 | Pollination device for improving pollination rate of pear trees |
| CN207151826U (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2018-03-30 | 福建红集香茶业有限公司 | A kind of loquat flower tea produces dissolver |
| CN107821157A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-03-23 | 合肥霞康电子商务有限公司 | A kind of planting fruit trees pollination equipment |
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