CN105613278B - A kind of soapberry artificial hybridization pollinating method - Google Patents
A kind of soapberry artificial hybridization pollinating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105613278B CN105613278B CN201610146272.1A CN201610146272A CN105613278B CN 105613278 B CN105613278 B CN 105613278B CN 201610146272 A CN201610146272 A CN 201610146272A CN 105613278 B CN105613278 B CN 105613278B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
- A01H1/027—Apparatus for pollination
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of soapberry artificial hybridization pollinating methods, including：Selection hybridization Parent；Paternal pollen acquires and storage；Maternal inflorescence bagging and emasculation；It pollinates to maternal in best pollination period；Continue to cover sulfuric acid paper bag after pollination, and observes fruit development process.The present invention can ensure effective pollination of soapberry, and avoid other pollen contaminations, solves the problems, such as the shedding caused by the bad youngster of Pollination Fertilization of existing soapberry, improve the fruit-setting rate at initial stage, soapberry hybridization is realized, breaks the problem of soapberry hybridization, improves fruit quality, it is at low cost in implementation process, it is easy to accomplish.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Tree Species as Bio-energy pollinating methods, and in particular to a kind of soapberry artificial hybridization pollination side
Method.
Background technology
In today of non-renewable energy resources increasingly depleted, exploitation biomass energy is to national economy sustainable development, country
Safety and social progress are of great significance.Soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi) benevolence oil content is up to 40.7%, oil
Oxidation stability is good, and oleic acid and linoleic acid are up to 62.5% in the grease that full fruit squeezes out, and the wherein aliphatic acid of C16~C20 accounts for
98.2%, indices all meet the requirement of biomass material oil；In addition soapberry pericarp rich in saponin(e and has a variety of biologies
Activity can be used as daily chemical product and drug research.South China soapberry distribution area is extensive, is a kind of Developing Biomass diesel oil
Ideal seeds.
Currently, some enterprises large area transplant soapberrys, but due to cultivation technique and management level under, into knot
The soapberry fruit drop rate of fruiting period is high, produces per year lowly, and the inefficient output of raw material forest is difficult to meet the development of soapberry Poly-generation.It awards
It is that a key factor of its low yield is caused to be that powder, which is fertilized bad, and artificial pollination technology improves fruit to improving soapberry fruit-setting rate
Real quality, which has, greatly to help, and has great directive significance to the development for accelerating Tree Species as Bio-energy soapberry.
The flower of soapberry be divided into can pregnant flower and can not pregnant flower, exist together an inflorescence, and two kinds of flowers divide usually on same inflorescence
Phase opens, and the florescence is at the beginning of mid-May to 6 months.Can not the pollen of pregnant flower be main pollination source, since anther is compared with other seeds
It is small, and sugar content is high in anther, pollen sticks together on anther wall, causes pollen is more difficult to propagate with the wind, belong to entomophilous flower, mainly
By bee class, fly pollination.
There has been no the reports of soapberry artificial pollination technology at present, other seeds of Sapindaceae are mostly with artificial supplementary pollination skill
Based on art：Exogenous hormone and trace element are such as sprayed, bee is put in orchard, and gauze etc. is covered on fruit tree.But soapberry flowering time
Exactly southern annual rainfall maximum period, though it can promote pollen tube growth in Spraying in the flowering stage exogenous hormone and trace element,
It is difficult to realize under the premise of no pollination, in addition the rainy day is difficult to have insect activity, and gauze is covered on fruit tree in mountainous region
The raw soapberry in 8 years of upper growth is restricted too big, is difficult to realize.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of soapberry artificial hybridization pollinating method.
The invention is realized in this way：A kind of soapberry artificial hybridization pollinating method, includes the following steps：
(1) selection hybridization Parent；
(2) paternal pollen acquisition and storage：
Male parent can not pregnant flower acquire inflorescence when opening, selection bloom the previous day and the same day of blooming small flower shears under flower
Anther is placed on template in drier and dries in the shade, anther is transferred in vial by medicine, and anther is ground at thin with pencil
Powder is put into drier in bottle, then pollen is seated at -20 DEG C and is preserved until there is pollinia to appear on bottle inner wall,
It is spare；
(3) give inflorescence set upper sulfuric acid paper bag before female parent is bloomed, and remove on maternal inflorescence can not pregnant flower and development shape
State it is inconsistent can pregnant flower, when pollination leave behind developmental condition it is consistent can pregnant flower；
(4) it pollinates to maternal in best pollination period；
(5) continue to cover sulfuric acid paper bag after pollinating, and observe fruit development process.
Preferably, in the step (2), the time of drying in the shade is 8h, and degree of drying is indicator by the silica gel that changes colour.
Preferably, the concrete operation method of the step (3) is as follows：
Pregnant can not having spent of being identified by mode of appearance is removed first, removal develop it is very fast or slower can be pregnant
Flower puts on sulfuric acid paper bag to each inflorescence, and the next morning opens sack and checks, can not pregnant flower and it is irregular can pregnant flower again
Removal；Keep bagging-removal can not pregnant flower and it is irregular can pregnant flower-bagging the step of, until it is all pregnant can not use up it is complete
Removal, leave behind belong to that same developmental condition is unopened can pregnant flower.
Preferably, the concrete operation method of the step (4) is as follows：
In sulfuric acid paper bag can it is pregnant the flowers are in blossom puts first day to second day, column cap whitens, pico- visible mucus when pollinate；It will
Pollen is placed in be kept in dark place at room temperature, and when pollination awards each column cap point using fine, soft fur pen, and is repeatedly awarded back and forth to each column cap
Powder, until can see pollen on each column cap.
Preferably, when pollination, pollina's weared on wrist thiocyclam, same paternal pollen uses a writing brush.
Preferably, the concrete operation method of the step (5) is as follows：
Sulfuric acid paper bag is carefully put on after pollination, latter week of pollinating opens big mouth in sulfuric acid paper bag bottom；After one month, by sulfuric acid
Paper bag, which is taken, is changed to 40 mesh mesh bags.
Preferably, when rainy, a small hole is opened at the minimum point of sulfuric acid paper bag.
The advantage of the invention is that：
1, pollen is acquired with specific process, ensure that pollen activity, solves the problems, such as the collection of pollen；
2, can not pregnant flower and it is irregular pregnant can spend multiple removal, obtain consistent state on inflorescence can pregnant flower, and
Best opportunity effectively pollinates, and avoids other pollen contaminations, reduces workload, improves efficiency；
3, pollination technique process only needs low temperature refrigerator, sulfuric acid paper bag and writing brush etc., easy to operate understandable under at low cost,
Easily grasped by the raw material forest producer.
Specific implementation mode
A kind of soapberry artificial hybridization pollinating method, includes the following steps：
(1) selection hybridization Parent；
Selection high and stable yields, healthy growth, Fruit Economic Traits are excellent, current year No. of inflorescences is moderate, the phenological period is more consistent
Single plant as Parent, it is desirable that the male parent florescence is slightly sooner in time than female parent and marks, daily observe Parent flowering dynamics.It can protect
The influence to achievement of pollinating without size annual output is demonstrate,proved, while also can guarantee that selected tree fruit growth nutrition supply is sufficient.
(2) paternal pollen acquisition and storage：
Male parent can not pregnant flower acquire inflorescence when opening, selection bloom the previous day and the same day of blooming small flower shears under flower
Anther is placed on template in drier and dries in the shade by medicine, and the time of drying in the shade is 8h, and degree of drying is instruction by the silica gel that changes colour
Agent.Anther is transferred in vial, with pencil grinding anther at fine powder, until there is pollinia to appear on bottle inner wall,
It is put into drier 10-20, silica gel of discoloration in bottle, then pollen is seated at -20 DEG C and is preserved, it is spare；Until being taken when pollination
Go out, is capable of maintaining vigour for high degree；
(3) give inflorescence set upper sulfuric acid paper bag before female parent is bloomed, and remove on maternal inflorescence can not pregnant flower and development shape
State it is inconsistent can pregnant flower, when pollination leave behind developmental condition it is consistent can pregnant flower；Specifically：
Before maternal inflorescence is not open, it is discernable by mode of appearance will to develop faster petal gender, generally
At the top of petal it is more rounded be can not pregnant flower, at the top of petal there are one slight prominent point be can pregnant flower；Appearance will be passed through first
What form can identify, which pregnant can not spend, removes, the observation overwhelming majority can pregnant Floral development state, removal development is very fast or relatively slow
Can pregnant flower, put on sulfuric acid paper bag to each inflorescence, the next morning opens sack and checks, can not pregnant flower and it is irregular can be pregnant
Flower removes again；Keep bagging-removal can not pregnant flower and it is irregular can pregnant flower-bagging the step of, until all can not be pregnant
Flower completely removes, leave behind belong to same developmental condition it is unopened can pregnant flower, quantity is maintained at 200 little Hua or so.Removal
Scissors and tweezers, operator that can be used can stand or be sitting in double ladder observation and emasculation, need a people below for the tool of little Hua
Ensure safety.Bagging uses 30 × 40 big sulfuric acid paper bag, binding sack to use nylon cable tie, it is ensured that convenient and efficient sealing.
Preceding 2 compound leaves for paying attention to fracture under inflorescence, this is the main nutrition supply of inflorescence growth.
(4) it pollinates to maternal in best pollination period；Specifically：
In sulfuric acid paper bag can it is pregnant the flowers are in blossom puts first day to second day, column cap whitens, pico- visible mucus when pollinate, this
When soapberry column cap be in best pollination period；Column cap does not have Enumerable infinite set if brown occurs in column cap, cannot pollinate, removal；
Pollen is placed in and is kept in dark place at room temperature, when pollination awards each column cap point using fine, soft fur pen, and multiple back and forth to each column cap
Pollination ensures that dynamics is small, and column cap is avoided to be touched disconnected or damaged, until can see pollen on each column cap.When pollination, it should be noted that
The interference of insect, pollina's weared on wrist thiocyclam can effectively drive honeybee, fly etc., and same paternal pollen uses one
Writing brush is not used in mixed way, and ensures that the pollen awarded is not contaminated.
(5) continue to cover sulfuric acid paper bag after pollinating, and observe fruit development process；Specifically：
Sulfuric acid paper bag is carefully put on after pollination, small perianth is avoided to touch off, while preventing other pollen contaminations and rain drop erosion
Pollination time can slightly be postponed till the time that rain stops, and in the minimum point of sulfuric acid paper bag by column cap if encountering rainy weather
Place opens a small hole, and the rainwater for flowing into paper bag is allowed to flow out in time, and disease is avoided to occur to be pressed down with inflorescence branch.It pollinates and exists in latter week
Big mouth is opened in sulfuric acid paper bag bottom, and guarantee will not be got to by rainwater can also be ventilated；Fruit development is stablized after one month, by sulfuric acid
Paper bag, which is taken, is changed to 40 mesh mesh bags, and observation can be facilitated to bear fruit and shedding situation.
The present invention provides the artificial pollination technology of a set of soapberry, can improve the bad problem of soapberry Pollination Fertilization,
Implementation process of the present invention only needs low temperature refrigerator, sulfuric acid paper bag and writing brush etc., easy to operate under at low cost, is easily slapped by the producer
It holds.The present invention has the following advantages：
1, pollen is acquired with specific process, ensure that pollen activity.Soapberry is different from the flower of other seeds, uses routine
The method of drying cannot obtain pollinia, and pollen can only can be improved using the method dried in the shade plus grind anther obtains extracting rate,
Solves the problems, such as the collection of pollen.
2, solve the problems, such as that soapberry androgynous repeatedly opens.Can not pregnant flower and irregular pregnant can spend repeatedly go
Remove, obtain consistent state on inflorescence can pregnant flower, and effectively pollinate in the best opportunity, avoid other pollen contaminations, reduce work
It measures, improve efficiency.
3, low temperature refrigerator, sulfuric acid paper bag and writing brush etc. are only needed during pollination technique, it is easy to operate easy under at low cost
Understand, is easily grasped by the raw material forest producer.
The present invention can ensure effective pollination of soapberry, and avoid other pollen contaminations, solve existing soapberry
The shedding problem caused by the bad youngster of Pollination Fertilization, improves the fruit-setting rate at initial stage, realizes soapberry hybridization, breaks soapberry
The problem of hybridization, improves fruit quality, at low cost in implementation process, it is easy to accomplish.For south other area soapberrys,
The method of the equally applicable present invention, can also solve the problems, such as pollination, obtain hybridization fruit.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of soapberry artificial hybridization pollinating method, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
(1) selection hybridization Parent；
(2) paternal pollen acquisition and storage：
Male parent can not pregnant flower acquire inflorescence when opening, selection bloom the previous day and the same day of blooming small flower shears under anther, will
Anther is placed on template to dry in the shade in drier, and anther is transferred in vial, with pencil grinding anther at fine powder, until
There is pollinia to appear on bottle inner wall, drier is put into bottle, then pollen is seated at -20 DEG C and is preserved, it is spare；
(3) give inflorescence set upper sulfuric acid paper bag before female parent is bloomed, and remove on maternal inflorescence can not pregnant flower and developmental condition not
It is consistent can pregnant flower, when pollination leave behind developmental condition it is consistent can pregnant flower；
(4) it pollinates to maternal in best pollination period；
(5) continue to cover sulfuric acid paper bag after pollinating, and observe fruit development process.
2. a kind of soapberry artificial hybridization pollinating method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is cloudy in the step (2)
The dry time is 8h, and degree of drying is indicator by the silica gel that changes colour.
3. a kind of soapberry artificial hybridization pollinating method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The tool of the step (3)
Body operating method is as follows：
Pregnant can not having spent of being identified by mode of appearance is removed first, removal develop it is very fast or slower can pregnant flower, give
Each inflorescence puts on sulfuric acid paper bag, and the next morning opens sack and checks, can not pregnant flower and it is irregular can pregnant flower remove again；
Keep bagging-removal can not pregnant flower and it is irregular can pregnant flower-bagging the step of, until it is all can not pregnant flower completely remove,
Leave behind belong to that same developmental condition is unopened can pregnant flower.
4. a kind of soapberry artificial hybridization pollinating method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The tool of the step (4)
Body operating method is as follows：
In sulfuric acid paper bag can it is pregnant the flowers are in blossom puts first day to second day, column cap whitens, pico- visible mucus when pollinate；By pollen
It is placed in and is kept in dark place at room temperature, when pollination awards each column cap point using fine, soft fur pen, and repeatedly pollinates back and forth to each column cap, directly
It can see pollen on to each column cap.
5. a kind of soapberry artificial hybridization pollinating method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：When pollination, pollina's hand
Wrist wears thiocyclam, and same paternal pollen uses a writing brush.
6. a kind of soapberry artificial hybridization pollinating method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The tool of the step (5)
Body operating method is as follows：
Sulfuric acid paper bag is carefully put on after pollination, latter week of pollinating opens big mouth in sulfuric acid paper bag bottom；After one month, by sulfuric acid paper bag
It takes and is changed to 40 mesh mesh bags.
7. a kind of soapberry artificial hybridization pollinating method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：When rainy, in sulfuric acid
A small hole is opened at the minimum point of paper bag.
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| CN201610146272.1A CN105613278B (en) | 2016-03-15 | 2016-03-15 | A kind of soapberry artificial hybridization pollinating method |
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| CN201610146272.1A CN105613278B (en) | 2016-03-15 | 2016-03-15 | A kind of soapberry artificial hybridization pollinating method |
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| CN106538378B (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2018-09-14 | 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 | A kind of efficient crape myrtle pollinating method |
| CN111418489B (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2022-06-17 | 北京林业大学 | Artificial cross pollination method for xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge |
| CN114600701A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-06-10 | 北京林业大学 | Soapberry fruit growth and development nursing method |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103329794A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-10-02 | 华南农业大学 | Method of intergeneric hybridization between longans and litchis |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103329794A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-10-02 | 华南农业大学 | Method of intergeneric hybridization between longans and litchis |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 提高中国特有能源树种文冠果座果率的技术研究;蔡龙;《CNKI中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库》;20121231(第9期);15-16 * |
| 无患子物候及开花结果特性;高媛等;《东北林业大学学报》;20150630;第43卷(第6期);34-40 * |
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Effective date of registration: 20220119 Address after: 354500 No. 2, Tengfei South Road, Jianning Economic Development Zone, Sanming City, Fujian Province Patentee after: FUJIAN YUANRONG BIOTECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 354500 Suixi Town Economic Development Zone, Jianning County, Sanming City, Fujian Province Patentee before: FUJIAN YUANHUA FORESTRY BIOTECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: Jia Liming |
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