CN102599046A - Pear pollination solution, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Pear pollination solution, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to pear pollination solution, which comprises pollen transferred for pear trees. The pear pollination solution is characterized in that pear pollen is suspended in mixed liquor, the mixed liquor is composed of accelerator, colorant, spreader and water, the accelerator can be composed of cane sugar, boric acid, chelate calcium and urea, or composed of cane sugar, borax, chelate calcium and urea, the colorant is food colorant, the spreader is tween-20, and the mixed liquor comprises, in weight percentage, 6% of white sugar, 0.002% of the boric acid or borax, 0.003% of the chelate calcium, 0.005% of the urea, 0.001% of the food colorant, 0.01% of the tween-20, and the balance of the water.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the pomology field, relate to a kind of pollination solution of pears more specifically.
Background technology
A lot of fruit trees such as apple, pears, plum etc. have the characteristic that self-pollination is shaky or ripening rate is very low, in actual production, need the reasonable disposition pollinizers could promote to bear fruit, and obtain due yield and quality.But often former thereby cause poor pollination because of pollinated variety mis-arrange, florescence bad climate condition influence insect pollination etc., fruit-setting rate is low, has reduced yield and quality, and therefore, artificial supplementary pollination has become requisite work in the actual production.Facts have proved that having only has enough pollen grain numbers on the pistil stigma, could guarantee the smooth completion of pollination, fertilization; Because a large amount of pollen helps being fertilized with the expanding rapidly of ovary, seed development and is evenly distributed in the fruit, lay the foundation for improving single fruit weight, like kingfisher hat pears; Obtain the above evenly big fruit of 400g; On 5 column caps of pear flower, must adhere to the pollen more than 300, spontaneous pollination is difficult to accomplish this point, can meet this requirement through artificial supplementary pollination.Fruit tree pollen has xenia, is exactly the good shape of male parent, can on female parent, show, and vice versa.According to this point, select for use the better pollen kind of proterties to carry out artificial pollination to fruit tree, can improve fruit quality, increase taste of fruit, promote fruit color, improve the smoothness of pericarp, increase fruit, improve the commodity value of fruit.Generally speaking, the commodity of main breed is good, and economic worth is high, and the pollinated variety commodity is poor, and kind is many more in the low same orchard of economic worth, manages more complicatedly, and cost is high more.Pollinated variety can not planted or plant less to employing artificial pollination technology just, not only can improve the overall efficiency in orchard, also can reduce management cost.
Production of fruit trees is pollinated and is mainly adopted traditional bobbles pollination, pollen bag pollination method at present, hanging pot is transplanted and the spray that shakes pollinates, feather duster rolls the method for awarding, the manual work point is awarded a pollinating method.Adopt above method pollination back pollination inhomogeneous, and waste time and energy.In addition, China rural laborer's transfer, a large amount of between twenty and fifty labours goes out to do manual work, and that be engaged in agricultural production in the rural area is old man and women mostly, and their quality and muscle power need the operator scheme of a kind of simplification, standardization, quantification.Evidence for many years adopts the solution pollination can solve the problems referred to above that exist in the pears industrialization production well, for next good technical basis is beaten in the great development of pears industrialization from now on.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: shaky or ripening rate is very low to the pear tree self-pollination, adopts traditional bobbles pollination, pollen bag pollination method, hanging pot is transplanted and the method for awarding is rolled in the spray pollination of shaking, feather duster, artificial putting awarded a pollinating method.Adopt above method pollination back pollination inhomogeneous, and a series of problems such as waste time and energy, a kind of pollination solution of pears is provided.
The present invention realizes like this: a kind of pollination solution of pears, comprise the pollination of pear tree, and it is characterized in that: the pollination of pears is suspended in the mixed liquor; Described mixed liquor is by promoter, and colouring agent, spreader-sticker and water are formed, wherein; Described promoter is sucrose, boric acid, chelating calcium and urea, or sucrose, borax, chelating calcium and urea, and described colouring agent is a food coloring; Described spreader-sticker is a Tween-20, and in mixed liquor, the percentage by weight of white sugar is 6%; The percentage by weight of boric acid or borax is 0.002%, and chelated calcium percentage by weight is 0.003%, and the percentage by weight of urea is 0.005%; The percentage by weight of food coloring is 0.001%, and the percentage by weight of Tween-20 is 0.01%, and surplus is a water.
In the present invention: in mixed liquor, the pollination content of pears is at least 500mg/L.
In the present invention: described colouring agent is that food coloring is carmine.
A kind of preparation method of pollination solution of above-mentioned pears is characterized in that:
A) the pear flower flower bud is plucked when a bud just ready to burst, after removing flower and distinguishing, directly placing 20～25 ℃ of incubators oven dry, to form the medicines that loose subsequent use;
At first get the raw materials ready according to percentage by weight when b) preparing, the diffusing medicine of getting the acquisition of a step then is immersed in the water of 1.5 times of volumes, after the diffusing medicine that suspends in water is fully stirred, crosses an appearance sieve removal impurity, the thick solution of formation pollen;
C) with 20% of white sugar consumption dissolve in water consumption 10% in, it is subsequent use to be made into liquid glucose;
D) with the white sugar consumption 80%, urea dissolve in water consumption 75% in, it is subsequent use to be made into glycosuria liquid;
E) the thick solution of pollen is added in the subsequent use liquid glucose, mix the back and add subsequent use glycosuria liquid, fully stir;
F) spray required food coloring, boric acid and the chelating calcium of preceding adding, or food coloring, borax and chelating calcium, and then add the water of surplus, and stir, form the pollination solution of pears.
In described preparation method, the aperture of crossing the appearance sieve of using in the b step is 0.25mm.
In described preparation method, sampling detects the thick solution of b step pollen and obtains wherein pollen amount, and according to promoter in the pollination solution of pollen amount selection design pears, the consumption of colouring agent, spreader-sticker and water is prepared liquid glucose and glycosuria liquid then.
A kind of application of pollination solution of above-mentioned pears is characterized in that: the pollination solution of pears is sprayed directly on the pear flower of pear tree and pollinates.
The invention has the advantages that: because the pollination of pears is suspended in the mixed liquor, can adopt spray pattern when realizing artificial pollination, not only can improve the fruit percentage of fertile fruit of pears, and greatly reduce labour intensity; Owing to containing colouring agent in the pollination solution, especially adopt food coloring as colouring agent, not only can have tangible marked effect to the pear flower that sprayed, avoid repeat spraying, and do not have toxic pollutant; Owing to contain white sugar, urea, chelating calcium and benefit materials such as boric acid or borax in the pollination solution; Through Foliage Absorption, can improve the percentage of fertile fruit of fruit, improve fruit yield and shelf life; Adopting spray pattern to implement artificial pollination can increase work efficiency greatly, reduces labor cost.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The preparation of the collection of pollen and thick solution.
Test is carried out (Nanjing) in gardening research institute pears resource garden in the Jiangsu Province Agriculture Science Institute.Kind is a delicate fragrance.Method is following:
The pear flower flower bud is plucked when a bud just ready to burst, and after removing flower and distinguishing, directly placing 20～25 ℃ of incubators oven dry, to form the medicines that loose subsequent use.
Get the medicine that looses and be immersed in the water of 1.5 times of volumes, after the diffusing medicine that suspends in water is fully stirred, cross the appearance sieve and remove impurity, form the thick solution of pollen.
Embodiment 2:
In the thick solution of preparation pollen, the influence of the overanxious back of appearance sieve to pollen grain in the solution crossed in different apertures
Identical diffusing medicine is divided into four groups; Be immersed in the water with volume, after the diffusing medicine that suspends in water is fully stirred, use the aperture to cross the appearance screening respectively and Guo Lv not as 0.75mm, 0.5mm, 0.25mm and 0.12mm; Take a sample respectively ten times for every group then; Get 10 μ l liter at every turn and spread upon slide, observe pollen grain number in the electron microscope observation visual field, and calculate its mean value.The observed data of each group is recorded in the table 1.
The different apertures of table 1. are crossed the appearance sieve and are filtered the influence to pollen grain quantity in the solution
Annotate: lowercase alphabet shows horizontal significant difference (P=0.05) in the table
Can know by table 1, be significantly higher than other aperture through pollen quantity in the sieve of the appearance excessively filtering solution of large aperture 0.75mm, but residue be the most more in the solution; And after the sieve of the appearance excessively filtration of aperture 0.5mm and 0.25mmi; What residue all was less than aperture 0.75mm in the solution crosses the appearance sieve, and the aperture be 0.5mm and 0.25mmi cross the filtration of appearance sieve after, the pollen digital display does not have significant difference in the solution; They all are significantly higher than aperture 0.12mm and cross the appearance sieve; But the residue of crossing the appearance sieve of 0.25mmi is still less, thus comprehensively examine the residual quantity of pollen quantity and residue in the filter solution, preferably with aperture 0.25mm kind sieve.
Embodiment 3:
Florescence spray calcium is to the influence of fruit shelf life
Test is carried out (Nanjing) in gardening research institute pears resource garden in the Jiangsu Province Agriculture Science Institute, and the seeding row spacing of pear tree is 3m * 4m in the nursery.Kind: the kingfisher hat pears of selecting life in 8 years.
Test method
Spray in the kingfisher hat pear flower phase with 0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05 grams per liter chelating calcium solution, when the fruit normal mature, gather, carry out the normal temperature shelf and observe.Outcome record is in table 2.
The different chelating calcium concentration florescences of table 2. spray the influence of fruit rate well of kingfisher hat pear fruit shelf life
Annotate: lowercase alphabet shows vertical significant difference (P=0.05) in the table
Can know that by table 2 florescence spraying concentration 0.03 grams per liter chelating calcium is best to kingfisher hat pear fruit shelf life.
Embodiment 4:
Sucrose, boric acid, chelating calcium, urea are to the influence of pollen germination
Gather the delicate fragrance pear pollen according to the conventional method, the orthogonal experiment (table 3) of 4 factors, 3 levels is carried out in design, and every processing adds 1% agar powder.Getting an amount of delicate fragrance pear pollen is sprinkling upon on the concave slide; Drip composition different culture liquid respectively; Rapidly covered keeps moistening, is placed in 25 ℃ the incubator to cultivate; Sprout the shared ratio of pollen in the pollen in 2～3 visuals field of statistics cover plate central authorities after 5 hours, surpass the pollen grain diameter as the sprouting standard with pollen tube length.
Table 3.L
9(3
4) the factor level table
Table 4. sucrose, boric acid, chelating calcium and urea are to the influence of pollen germination rate
Annotate: lowercase alphabet shows vertical significant difference (P=0.05) in the table
Visible from the The results of analysis of variance of table 4, A, B, C, the D factor all have the significance influence to experimental result, A factor R (extreme difference) maximum wherein, and the B factor and C factor R (extreme difference) are taken second place; D factor R (extreme difference) minimum, this reflection sucrose has the greatest impact to pollen germination rate, secondly is boric acid, once more chelating calcium; The urea influence is minimum, and the optimum level combination is A2B1C2D2, and promptly the righttest cultivation prescription of this pollen is: sucrose in every liter of solution (60g); Boric acid (0.02g), chelating calcium (0.03g), urea (0.05g).Analyze from the mean value visual result, it is the highest to handle 4 significancees, does not have significant difference between the processing 1,5 and 6.
Embodiment 5:
The pollen concentration pollination is to the influence of fruit quality
Materials and methods: test is carried out (Nanjing), the kind of pear tree in the nursery in gardening research institute pears resource garden in the Jiangsu Province Agriculture Science Institute: select the kingfisher hat pears of life in 9 years, and the happy shape of three major branches, seeding row spacing is 3m * 4m.Pollen is delicate fragrance.
If 1000,5 processing of 2000,3000,5000,10000 times of liquid pollen solution is sprayed, every processing 5 strains tree is repeated 3 times.
Assay method: fruit soluble solids content is measured with the NaOH neutralization titration with hand refractometer mensuration, titratable acid content.Logging is in table 5.
The different pollen concentrations of table 5. are to the influence of fruit quality
Can be known that by table 5 comprehensively relatively 1000～3000 times of liquid pollinations of pollen compound concentration are effective, wherein 1000 times of (1000mg/L) liquid pollinations are imitated best.
Embodiment 6:
The pollination solution compound method of 0.1% pears
Existing compound method introduction with suspension is (employing percentage by weight) as follows:
Pollen 0.1%
White sugar 6%, boric acid or borax 0.002%, chelating calcium 0.003%, urea 0.005%, food coloring famille rose 0.001%, Tween-20 0.01%.
Solvent:
Surplus is a solvent, and solvent adopts running water, is equivalent to 93.979% of total amount.
Compound method
A) the pear flower flower bud is plucked when a bud just ready to burst, after removing flower and distinguishing, directly placing 20～25 ℃ of incubators oven dry, to form the medicines that loose subsequent use;
B) preparation the time is got the diffusing medicine that a step obtains and is immersed in the water of 1.5 times of volumes, the diffusing medicine that suspends in water is fully stirred after, cross the appearance sieve and remove an impurity, form the thick solution of pollen; Sampling detects the thick solution of pollen at pollen amount, and pollen amount calculates the preparation pollen amount when being the pollination solution of 0.1% pears required white sugar, boric acid (or borax), chelating calcium, urea, food coloring is carmine, the consumption of tween and water;
C) with 20% of white sugar consumption dissolve in water consumption 10% in, it is subsequent use to be made into liquid glucose;
D) with the white sugar consumption 80%, urea dissolve in water consumption 75% in, it is subsequent use to be made into glycosuria liquid;
E) the thick solution of pollen is added in the subsequent use liquid glucose, mix the back and add subsequent use glycosuria liquid, fully stir;
F) spray required food coloring, boric acid and the chelating calcium of preceding adding, or food coloring, borax and chelating calcium, and then add the water of surplus, and stir, form the pollination solution of 0.1% pear pollen.
Embodiment 7:
Different pollinating method Economic and Efficiency Analysis
Materials and methods: test is carried out (Nanjing) in gardening research institute pears resource garden in the Jiangsu Province Agriculture Science Institute.The emerald green hat of kind pears, life in 9 years, seeding row spacing is 3m * 4m.
Experimental group: adopt embodiment 60.1% pear pollen pollination solution, distinguish that with flower being stained with redness gets final product during spraying.
Control group 1: the chicken hand is brushed lightly pollination, and coming up pollinizers with by pollinizers, rollback is moving pollinates.
Control group 2: little close honeybee electrodynamic type Pollinator (patent No.: 01273144.7), drive a belt movement with puffer, pollinate on each style then when in its box, filling the pollen belt movement by adhesion pollen.
With 6 mu kingfishers hat pear tree, 2 mu of trees of every processing, 10 trees of every group selection, on tree body all directions in following 7 directions list investigation percentage of fertile fruit and single fruit weight.
The different pollinating method Economic and Efficiency Analysis of table 3.
Annotate: lowercase is longitudinal difference significance (P＜0.05) in the table.
Can know that by table 3 adopt the present invention to utilize pollen suspension to pollinate and compare with 2 with control group 1, operating efficiency has improved 3.9 and 5.8 times respectively, percentage of fertile fruit of pear tree and output and control group 1 no significant difference, and experimental group pollen consumption extremely significantly reduces.
Claims (7)
1. the pollination solution of pears comprises the pollination of pear tree, it is characterized in that: the pollination of pears is suspended in the mixed liquor; Described mixed liquor is by promoter, and colouring agent, spreader-sticker and water are formed, wherein; Described promoter is sucrose, boric acid, chelating calcium and urea, or sucrose, borax, chelating calcium and urea, and described colouring agent is a food coloring; Described spreader-sticker is a Tween-20, and in mixed liquor, the percentage by weight of white sugar is 6%; The percentage by weight of boric acid or borax is 0.002%, and chelated calcium percentage by weight is 0.003%, and the percentage by weight of urea is 0.005%; The percentage by weight of food coloring is 0.001%, and the percentage by weight of Tween-20 is 0.01%, and surplus is a water.
2. the pollination solution of pears according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in mixed liquor, the pollination content of pears is at least 500mg/L.
3. the pollination solution of pears according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described colouring agent is that food coloring is carmine.
4. the preparation method of the pollination solution of the said pears of claim 1 is characterized in that:
A) the pear flower flower bud is plucked when a bud just ready to burst, after removing flower and distinguishing, directly placing 20～25 ℃ of incubators oven dry, to form the medicines that loose subsequent use;
At first get the raw materials ready according to percentage by weight when b) preparing, the diffusing medicine of getting the acquisition of a step then is immersed in the water of 1.5 times of volumes, after the diffusing medicine that suspends in water is fully stirred, crosses an appearance sieve removal impurity, the thick solution of formation pollen;
C) with 20% of white sugar consumption dissolve in water consumption 10% in, it is subsequent use to be made into liquid glucose;
D) with the white sugar consumption 80%, urea dissolve in water consumption 75% in, it is subsequent use to be made into glycosuria liquid;
E) the thick solution of pollen is added in the subsequent use liquid glucose, mix the back and add subsequent use glycosuria liquid, fully stir;
F) spray required food coloring, boric acid and the chelating calcium of preceding adding, or food coloring, borax and chelating calcium, and then add the water of surplus, and stir, form the pollination solution of pears.
5. the pollination solution of pears according to claim 4 is characterized in that: an aperture of crossing the appearance sieve of using in the b step is 0.25mm.
6. the pollination solution of pears according to claim 4; It is characterized in that: sampling detects the thick solution of b step pollen and obtains wherein pollen amount; And according to promoter in the pollination solution of pollen amount selection design pears, the consumption of colouring agent, spreader-sticker and water is prepared liquid glucose and glycosuria liquid then.
7. application of the pollination solution of pears according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the pollination solution of pears is sprayed directly on the pear flower of pear tree and pollinates.
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| CN105660383A (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2016-06-15 | 全椒井府富硒生态牧业有限公司 | Method for improving pollination rate of early crisp red pears |
| CN105660384A (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2016-06-15 | 全椒井府富硒生态牧业有限公司 | Liquid preparation suitable for pear tree pollination in southern Anhui region |
| CN105660385A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-06-15 | 阜阳市颍州区金湖丰种植农民专业合作社 | Liquid pollination agent for late autumn yellow pears |
| CN105746335A (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2016-07-13 | 全椒井府富硒生态牧业有限公司 | Liquid pollination agent for early-maturing red pears |
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| WO2021066813A1 (en) * | 2019-10-01 | 2021-04-08 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Cross pollination through liquid-mediated delivery of pollen to enclosed stigmas of flowers from recipient plants |
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| CN109496834A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-22 | 新疆林业科学院扎木台造林试验站 | A kind of Ba Danmu Liquid pollen and preparation method thereof |
| CN109496834B (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2022-03-22 | 新疆林业科学院扎木台造林试验站 | Almond liquid pollen and preparation method thereof |
| WO2021066813A1 (en) * | 2019-10-01 | 2021-04-08 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Cross pollination through liquid-mediated delivery of pollen to enclosed stigmas of flowers from recipient plants |
| CN114501985A (en) * | 2019-10-01 | 2022-05-13 | 孟山都技术公司 | Cross-pollination by liquid-mediated delivery of pollen onto closed stigmas of flowers from recipient plants |
| US11653604B2 (en) | 2019-10-01 | 2023-05-23 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Cross pollination through liquid-mediated delivery of pollen to enclosed stigmas of flowers from recipient plants |
| CN114501985B (en) * | 2019-10-01 | 2024-04-23 | 孟山都技术公司 | Cross pollination by liquid mediated delivery of pollen onto closed heads of flowers from recipient plants |
| US11730099B2 (en) | 2020-04-04 | 2023-08-22 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Compositions and methods for liquid-mediated delivery of pollen |
| CN114190270A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-18 | 南京农业大学 | Pear tree pollination liquid |
| CN114431234A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-05-06 | 北京农业职业学院 | Pollination liquid for actinidia arguta and preparation method of pollination liquid |
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