CN104081980A - Method for lithocarpus polysachyus rehd container seedling culturing - Google Patents
Method for lithocarpus polysachyus rehd container seedling culturing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for lithocarpus polysachyus rehd container seedling culturing. The method comprises the steps that seeds are collected and processed, sand bed germination is accelerated, nutrition cups are selected, a seedling culturing matrix is prepared, seedlings are planted into the cups, seedling management is conducted, and nursery stocks are transplanted outwards. The mature lithocarpus polysachyus rehd seeds are collected, pest killing, seed soaking and disinfection are conducted, then, sand bed germination acceleration is conducted, the seeds are transplanted to the non-woven fabric nutrition cups with the matrix after seed germination, and the qualified lithocarpus polysachyus rehd stocks are obtained through seedling management. According to the method, materials are convenient to obtain, operation is simple, and cost is low. The stocks can be transplanted after being cultured for five months to six months and can be planted in a place rich in rainfall, afforestation can be conducted at most time in a year, the roots of the cultured lithocarpus polysachyus rehd stocks are well developed and are health in growth, original soil is taken in the process of afforestation, the roots are not damaged, the survival rate and the growth amount of the lithocarpus polysachyus rehd stocks for afforestation can be improved to a great extent, and the method is good in economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant propagation technical field, relate in particular to a kind of Pasania cuspidata container seedling culture method.
Background technology
Pasania cuspidata (
lithocarpus polystachyusrehd) calling sweet tea, is Fagaceae (Fagaceae) Lithocarpus (Lithocarpus) aiphyllium, is the distinctive precious wild medicinal plant of China.The history of the existing more than one thousand years of Pasania cuspidata Medicinal; the chemical substances such as the dihydrochalcone glycoside that is rich in blade, Tea Polyphenols, caffeine are its main pharmacological compositions, have the biologically actives such as stronger natural anti-oxidation and protection cardiovascular and cerebrovascular, anti-cancer and cancer-preventing, adjusting immunity, antiphlogistic antibacterial.In addition, Pasania cuspidata blade has the natural glucin of high-load, is the raw material that extracts sweetener and pigment, has higher economic worth.
But Pasania cuspidata, mainly taking the wild resource of gathering as main, constantly reduces natural resources at present, can not meet needs and the demand of pharmacy corporation to medicinal raw material of people's health care far away.Therefore, in the urgent need to strengthening the exploitation research of Pasania cuspidata resource.Cultivating seedlings is the important step of Pasania cuspidata resources development and utilization, and the selection of seedling raising manners is very important, and compared with traditional naked seedling raising manners, container nursery has the sowing quantity of saving, shortens growing-seedling period, improves the advantages such as survival rate.Through test and the comparison of nearly 3 years, adopt mixed-matrix to carry out Pasania cuspidata container nursery, the survival rate after nursery stock growing way, quality and afforestation etc. can both reach good Expected Results, and the industry development of Pasania cuspidata is had great importance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention, in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of nutrition supply abundance, and fertilizer efficiency is long, and nursery stock is easy damaged not, contributes to the Pasania cuspidata container seedling seedling-cultivating method of nursery stock Fast Growth.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of Pasania cuspidata container seedling culture method, comprise that seed collection and processing, the vernalization of husky bed, nutrition cup are selected, seedling medium is prepared, plant seedlings upper cup, seedling management and outplanting operation, by gathering ripe Pasania cuspidata seed, carry out deinsectization, soak seed, disinfect the vernalization of the husky bed of rear enforcement, after seed germination, transplant in the nonwoven nutrition cup that matrix is housed, obtain qualified Pasania cuspidata nursery stock by seedling management, main operational steps is as follows:
(1) seed collection and processing: mid or late October, to early November, is carried out Pasania cuspidata seed collection in the time that Pasania cuspidata kind shell color becomes Chestnut; After gathering, removal of contamination and defective seed, retain full seed; Seed is put into and in the warm water of 45～50 DEG C, soaked 10～15min and carry out deinsectization, then pulling seed out is placed in clear water and soaks 2～3d, make its abundant imbibition, then the liquor potassic permanganate that is 0.3% by mass concentration is to seed soaking disinfection 2h, finally with clear water, Pasania cuspidata seed is rinsed well;
(2) a husky vernalization: the sand that will wet in husky bed mixes and carries out vernalization with Pasania cuspidata seed, volume ratio husky and Pasania cuspidata seed is 1:1;
(3) nutrition cup is selected: selecting specification is that the degradable nonwoven Seedling bag of 10cm × 12cm is as nutrition cup;
(4) substrate preparation: with yellow soil and the coconut palm chaff fully becoming thoroughly decomposed mix by a certain percentage the raw material as matrix, add mass percent simultaneously and be after 3～8% fused calcium magnesium phosphate fully mixes and fill nutrition cup;
(5) plant seedlings upper cup: the Pasania cuspidata seed of sprouting, from digging gently sand, is grown up and is cut root in the bud seedling of 5cm root, retain suitable long; Before planting seedlings, first the matrix in nutrition cup is drenched, then in matrix, insert a duck eye with small wooden, put into bud seedling, and by matrix compacting gently around, the normal root water of drenching;
(6) seedling management: through normal trickle, keep matrix moistening after the upper cup that plants seedlings; Put up little shed with the sunshade net that obscurity is 70～80% shades simultaneously; After nursery stock grows 2～3 leaves, start to drench sealing fertilizer to seedling root, and regularly to blade spraying foliage fertilizer;
(7) outplanting: go out garden and carry out hardening in first 30～40 days, go out front 1 d in the garden water of drenching, select height of seedling to be greater than 20cm, leading thread is greater than 0.2cm, and root system is good, robust growth is without the Pasania cuspidata outplanting afforestation of damage by disease and insect.
The volume ratio of the yellow soil described in above step (4) and the coconut palm chaff that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed is 1:1, and the mass percent of the fused calcium magnesium phosphate of interpolation is 5%.
Nutrition cup described in above step (4) is closely put in ground, garden by the specification of the wide 1m of every furrow, long 10～12m; Be selected to described garden that physical features is smooth, illumination is sufficient, near the place at water source.
The liquor potassic permanganate that before the upper cup that plants seedlings described in above step (5), 1d mass concentration is 0.1% carries out disinfection to the matrix in nutrition cup.
The Pasania cuspidata seed of the sprouting described in above step (5) is the seed that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and grow to radicle, cuts that to retain suitable root length after root be 3～5cm.
Composite fertilizer described in above step (6) is that mass concentration is 0.5～1.0% the composite fertilizer's solution containing NPK, monthly drenches and executes 1 time; Described foliage fertilizer is that mass concentration is 0.2～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, monthly sprays 1 time.
Hardening described in above step (7) is to open sunshade net, and full exposure hardening reduces water and fertile supply gradually, to improve the adaptive capacity of nursery stock to environment, strengthens resistance.
With respect to prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and good effect:
1, the seedling medium in Pasania cuspidata container seedling culture method of the present invention is formulated according to Pasania cuspidata physiological property, draws materials conveniently, is easy to preparation, easy and simple to handle, consumptive material is few, cost is low.
2, the material of the present invention's nutrition cup used is degradable nonwoven, when afforestation, can remove from and divest nutrition cup, time saving and energy saving.
3, the Pasania cuspidata seedling root prosperity that the present invention cultivates, robust growth, is with former mass of soil when afforestation, do not hinder root, can increase substantially survival rate and the amount of growth of Pasania cuspidata afforestation.
4, the present invention has shortened Pasania cuspidata growing-seedling period, generally cultivates and can go out garden in 5 ~ 6 months, and in the abundant place of rainfall, the annual most of the time all can afforest.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
In mid-October, 2011, in the time that becoming Chestnut, Pasania cuspidata kind shell color carries out Pasania cuspidata seed collection; After gathering, removal of contamination and defective seed, retain full seed.Seed is put into and in the warm water of 45 DEG C, soaked 15min and carry out deinsectization, then pull seed out and be placed in clear water and soak 2d, make its abundant imbibition, then the liquor potassic permanganate that is 0.3% by mass concentration is to seed soaking disinfection 2h, finally with clear water, Pasania cuspidata seed is rinsed well, for subsequent use.The sand that will wet in husky bed mixes and carries out vernalization with Pasania cuspidata seed after treatment, and volume ratio husky and Pasania cuspidata seed is 1:1.Selecting specification is that the degradable nonwoven Seedling bag of 10cm × 12cm is as nutrition cup.With yellow soil and the coconut palm chaff fully becoming thoroughly decomposed mix the raw material as matrix for the ratio of 1:1 by volume, add a small amount of mass percent simultaneously and be 3% fused calcium magnesium phosphate and fully mix after making matrix and fill nutrition cup.Nutrition cup by the specification of the wide 1m of every furrow, long 10m closely put smooth in physical features, illumination is sufficient, near in the ground, garden at water source.
By the Pasania cuspidata seed of sprouting, from digging gently sand, the Pasania cuspidata seed of sprouting is the seed that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and grow to radicle, and root is grown up and cut root in the bud seedling of 5cm, and the root that retains 3～5cm is long.The liquor potassic permanganate that the front 1d mass concentration of upper cup of planting seedlings is 0.1% carries out disinfection to the matrix in nutrition cup.Before planting seedlings, first the matrix in nutrition cup is drenched, then in matrix, insert a duck eye with small wooden, put into bud seedling, and by matrix compacting gently around, the normal root water of drenching.Plant seedlings after upper cup through normal trickle, keep matrix moistening; Put up little shed with the sunshade net that obscurity is 70% shades simultaneously; After nursery stock grows 2～3 leaves, start monthly 1 time to seedling root drench execute mass concentration be 0.5% containing composite fertilizer's solution of NPK, and monthly 1 time to blade spraying foliage fertilizer, foliage fertilizer used is that mass concentration is 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Go out garden and carry out hardening in first 30 days, open sunshade net, full exposure hardening, reduces water and fertile supply gradually, to improve the adaptive capacity of nursery stock to environment, strengthens resistance.Go out front 1 d in the garden water of drenching, select height of seedling to be greater than 20cm, leading thread is greater than 0.2cm, and root system is good, and robust growth is without the Pasania cuspidata outplanting afforestation of damage by disease and insect.Outplanting rate reaches 91.6%, and afforestation " Invest, Then Investigate " survival rate half a year reaches 95.8%.
Embodiment 2:
In late October, 2011, in the time that becoming Chestnut, Pasania cuspidata kind shell color carries out Pasania cuspidata seed collection; After gathering, removal of contamination and defective seed, retain full seed.Seed is put into and in the warm water of 50 DEG C, soaked 10min and carry out deinsectization, then pull seed out and be placed in clear water and soak 3d, make its abundant imbibition, then the liquor potassic permanganate that is 0.3% by mass concentration is to seed soaking disinfection 2h, finally with clear water, Pasania cuspidata seed is rinsed well, for subsequent use.The sand that will wet in husky bed mixes and carries out vernalization with Pasania cuspidata seed after treatment, and volume ratio husky and Pasania cuspidata seed is 1:1.Selecting specification is that the degradable nonwoven Seedling bag of 10cm × 12cm is as nutrition cup.With yellow soil and the coconut palm chaff fully becoming thoroughly decomposed mix the raw material as matrix for the ratio of 1:1 by volume, add a small amount of mass percent simultaneously and be 5% fused calcium magnesium phosphate and fully mix after making matrix and fill nutrition cup.Nutrition cup by the specification of the wide 1m of every furrow, long 10m closely put smooth in physical features, illumination is sufficient, near in the ground, garden at water source.
By the Pasania cuspidata seed of sprouting, from digging gently sand, the Pasania cuspidata seed of sprouting is the seed that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and grow to radicle, and root is grown up and cut root in the bud seedling of 5cm, and the root that retains 3～5cm is long.The liquor potassic permanganate that the front 1d mass concentration of upper cup of planting seedlings is 0.1% carries out disinfection to the matrix in nutrition cup.Before planting seedlings, first the matrix in nutrition cup is drenched, then in matrix, insert a duck eye with small wooden, put into bud seedling, and by matrix compacting gently around, the normal root water of drenching.Plant seedlings after upper cup through normal trickle, keep matrix moistening; Put up little shed with the sunshade net that obscurity is 75% shades simultaneously; After nursery stock grows 2～3 leaves, start monthly 1 time to seedling root drench execute mass concentration be 0.5% containing composite fertilizer's solution of NPK, and monthly 1 time to blade spraying foliage fertilizer, foliage fertilizer used is that mass concentration is 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Go out garden and carry out hardening in first 35 days, open sunshade net, full exposure hardening, reduces water and fertile supply gradually, to improve the adaptive capacity of nursery stock to environment, strengthens resistance.Go out front 1 d in the garden water of drenching, select height of seedling to be greater than 20cm, leading thread is greater than 0.2cm, and root system is good, and robust growth is without the Pasania cuspidata outplanting afforestation of damage by disease and insect.Outplanting rate reaches 92.1%, and afforestation " Invest, Then Investigate " survival rate half a year reaches 96.3%.
Embodiment 3:
In early November, 2012, in the time that becoming Chestnut, Pasania cuspidata kind shell color carries out Pasania cuspidata seed collection; After gathering, removal of contamination and defective seed, retain full seed.Seed is put into and in the warm water of 50 DEG C, soaked 10min and carry out deinsectization, then pull seed out and be placed in clear water and soak 3d, make its abundant imbibition, then the liquor potassic permanganate that is 0.3% by mass concentration is to seed soaking disinfection 2h, finally with clear water, Pasania cuspidata seed is rinsed well, for subsequent use.The sand that will wet in husky bed mixes and carries out vernalization with Pasania cuspidata seed after treatment, and volume ratio husky and Pasania cuspidata seed is 1:1.Selecting specification is that the degradable nonwoven Seedling bag of 10cm × 12cm is as nutrition cup.With yellow soil and the coconut palm chaff fully becoming thoroughly decomposed mix the raw material as matrix for the ratio of 1:1 by volume, add a small amount of mass percent simultaneously and be 8% fused calcium magnesium phosphate and fully mix after making matrix and fill nutrition cup.Nutrition cup by the specification of the wide 1m of every furrow, long 12m closely put smooth in physical features, illumination is sufficient, near in the ground, garden at water source.
By the Pasania cuspidata seed of sprouting, from digging gently sand, the Pasania cuspidata seed of sprouting is the seed that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and grow to radicle, and root is grown up and cut root in the bud seedling of 5cm, and the root that retains 3～5cm is long.The liquor potassic permanganate that the front 1d mass concentration of upper cup of planting seedlings is 0.1% carries out disinfection to the matrix in nutrition cup.Before planting seedlings, first the matrix in nutrition cup is drenched, then in matrix, insert a duck eye with small wooden, put into bud seedling, and by matrix compacting gently around, the normal root water of drenching.Plant seedlings after upper cup through normal trickle, keep matrix moistening; Put up little shed with the sunshade net that obscurity is 80% shades simultaneously; After nursery stock grows 2～3 leaves, start monthly 1 time to seedling root drench execute mass concentration be 1.0% containing composite fertilizer's solution of NPK, and monthly 1 time to blade spraying foliage fertilizer, foliage fertilizer used is that mass concentration is 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Go out garden and carry out hardening in first 40 days, open sunshade net, full exposure hardening, reduces water and fertile supply gradually, to improve the adaptive capacity of nursery stock to environment, strengthens resistance.Go out front 1 d in the garden water of drenching, select height of seedling to be greater than 20cm, leading thread is greater than 0.2cm, and root system is good, and robust growth is without the Pasania cuspidata outplanting afforestation of damage by disease and insect.Outplanting rate reaches 92.5%, and afforestation " Invest, Then Investigate " survival rate half a year reaches 97.1%.
Claims (7)
1. a Pasania cuspidata container seedling culture method, it is characterized in that: comprise that seed collection and processing, the vernalization of husky bed, nutrition cup are selected, seedling medium is prepared, plant seedlings upper cup, seedling management and outplanting operation, by gathering ripe Pasania cuspidata seed, carry out deinsectization, soak seed, disinfect the vernalization of the husky bed of rear enforcement, after seed germination, transplant in the nonwoven nutrition cup that matrix is housed, obtain qualified Pasania cuspidata nursery stock by seedling management, main operational steps is as follows:
Seed collection and processing: mid or late October, to early November, is carried out Pasania cuspidata seed collection in the time that Pasania cuspidata kind shell color becomes Chestnut; After gathering, removal of contamination and defective seed, retain full seed; Seed is put into and in the warm water of 45～50 DEG C, soaked 10～15min and carry out deinsectization, then pulling seed out is placed in clear water and soaks 2～3d, make its abundant imbibition, then the liquor potassic permanganate that is 0.3% by mass concentration is to seed soaking disinfection 2h, finally with clear water, Pasania cuspidata seed is rinsed well;
(2) a husky vernalization: the sand that will wet in husky bed mixes and carries out vernalization with Pasania cuspidata seed, volume ratio husky and Pasania cuspidata seed is 1:1;
(3) nutrition cup is selected: selecting specification is that the degradable nonwoven Seedling bag of 10cm × 12cm is as nutrition cup;
(4) substrate preparation: with yellow soil and the coconut palm chaff fully becoming thoroughly decomposed mix by a certain percentage the raw material as matrix, add mass percent simultaneously and be after 3～8% fused calcium magnesium phosphate fully mixes and fill nutrition cup;
(5) plant seedlings upper cup: the Pasania cuspidata seed of sprouting, from digging gently sand, is grown up and is cut root in the bud seedling of 5cm root, retain suitable long; Before planting seedlings, first the matrix in nutrition cup is drenched, then in matrix, insert a duck eye with small wooden, put into bud seedling, and by matrix compacting gently around, the normal root water of drenching;
(6) seedling management: through normal trickle, keep matrix moistening after the upper cup that plants seedlings; Put up little shed with the sunshade net that obscurity is 70～80% shades simultaneously; After nursery stock grows 2～3 leaves, start to drench sealing fertilizer to seedling root, and regularly to blade spraying foliage fertilizer;
(7) outplanting: go out garden and carry out hardening in first 30～40 days, go out front 1 d in the garden water of drenching, select height of seedling to be greater than 20cm, leading thread is greater than 0.2cm, and root system is good, robust growth is without the Pasania cuspidata outplanting afforestation of damage by disease and insect.
2. a kind of Pasania cuspidata container seedling culture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the volume ratio of the yellow soil described in step (4) and the coconut palm chaff that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed is 1:1, and the mass percent of the fused calcium magnesium phosphate of interpolation is 5%.
3. a kind of Pasania cuspidata container seedling culture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the nutrition cup described in step (4) is closely put in ground, garden by the specification of the wide 1m of every furrow, long 10～12m; Be selected to described garden that physical features is smooth, illumination is sufficient, near the place at water source.
4. a kind of Pasania cuspidata container seedling culture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the liquor potassic permanganate that before the upper cup that plants seedlings described in step (5), 1d mass concentration is 0.1% carries out disinfection to the matrix in nutrition cup.
5. a kind of Pasania cuspidata container seedling culture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the Pasania cuspidata seed of the sprouting described in step (5) is the seed that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and grow to radicle, cuts that to retain suitable root length after root be 3～5cm.
6. the method for a kind of Pasania cuspidata container nursery according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the composite fertilizer described in step (6) is that mass concentration is 0.5～1.0% the composite fertilizer's solution containing NPK, monthly drenches and executes 1 time; Described foliage fertilizer is that mass concentration is 0.2～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, monthly sprays 1 time.
7. the method for a kind of Pasania cuspidata container nursery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the hardening described in step (7) is to open sunshade net, full exposure hardening, reduces water and fertile supply gradually, to improve the adaptive capacity of nursery stock to environment, strengthen resistance.
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