CN102318549A - Method with effects of saving cost and improving efficiency for liquid pollination of pear tree - Google Patents
Method with effects of saving cost and improving efficiency for liquid pollination of pear tree Download PDFInfo
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- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 240000001987 Pyrus communis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000021017 pears Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 241000723353 Chrysanthemum Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000007516 Chrysanthemum Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000007198 pollen germination Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005520 electrodynamics Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007115 recruitment Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthrone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3CC2=C1 RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004345 fruit ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000065 osmolyte Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000447 pesticide residue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010153 self-pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a method with effects of saving cost and improving efficiency for liquid pollination of pear tree, which belongs to the fruit trees production technical field. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a nutrient solution in full-bloom stage of pear flowers, adding 0.8g pure pollen in every liter of nutrient solution, spraying and pollinating by an electrostatic sprayer to achieve the purpose of artificial pollination. The pollination method has the advantages of simple operation, fast pollination speed, uniform powder injection, concentration, accuracy, pollen and manual work saving, low cost and the like, and solves the practical problems that pollen can not be uniformly dissolved in water in liquid pollination of fruit trees, pollen is easy to adhere with the wall of a container, pollen is obstructed a nozzle, uneven powder injection causes poor pollination effect and the real application of liquid pollination can not be realized for a long time. According to the invention, the new collected pure pollen (germination rate is 60%-80%) in current year required by per mu is 8-11g. In addition, the method of the invention is capable of increasing the moisture and nutrient of pistil stigma and prolonging the fecundation time of stigma pollination, and the fruit quality can not be affected by increasing the fruit setting rate.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention is a kind of pear tree liquid pollination method of cost-saving synergistic, belongs to the production of fruit trees technical field.
Two, background technology
Pears are self-pollination sterility fruit trees, must plant pollinizers or artificial supplementary pollination aborning and could obtain corresponding production and quality.Plant pollinizers and mainly utilize the pollination ability of insect to carry out spontaneous pollination,, be easy to receive the influence of weather and cause pollination fertilization bad though save labor.Artificial supplementary pollination is adopted in increasing in recent years theatre.Though the mode selectivity that artificial point is awarded in the artificial supplementary pollination method is strong, accuracy rate is high, and the pollen consumption is little, and operable time is short, and recruitment is many, and production cost is higher.In addition, it is big that the method that artificial auxiliary solid dusts also exists the pollen consumption, the cost problem of higher.Liquid pollination is a kind of novel pollination technique, and it is fast to have pollination speed, saves artificial characteristics, and can increase the moisture and the nutrient of column cap, prolongs column cap pollination fertilization time.But the liquid pollination technology is still immature, and it is poor still to exist the nutrient solution suspending power, and it is inhomogeneous that pollen disperses, urgent problem such as swelling death in nutrient solution.This patent is intended to pear tree liquid pollination key technique is comparatively comprehensively studied; Filter out the pollen nutrient liquid that is fit to the pear tree pollination; And confirm the most economical pollen consumption of pear tree liquid pollination on this basis; Develop a kind of new efficient liquid pollination technique, the purpose that save cost to reach, improves pollination efficiency.
Sucrose, boron and calcium are the important substance that keeps the pollen vigor, promotes pollen germination, and sucrose promptly is nutriment, also is the osmotic adjustment material; Its excessive concentration or the low excessively osmotic equilibrium of pollen in pollination liquid of all can destroying cause pollen dead in solution, an amount of boron and calcium; Can improve pollen germination rate; Pollen germination after helping pollinating improves fruit-setting rate, and xanthans then can improve the dispersity of pollen in nutrient solution.Therefore, the present invention selects the main component of these four kinds of materials as pear tree liquid pollination nutrient solution for use.
The pollen consumption is the key problem of liquid pollination, and consumption crosses that fruit-setting rate is low at least, and consumption too much causes the pollen waste, increases cost.The present invention is through establishing different pollen concentrations; And take quantitatively at every and to pollinate; Confirm to reach the minimum pollen concentration of maximum fruit-setting rate, and carried out the production test checking, formed the pear tree liquid pollination new technology that comprises the nutrient solution prescription and the cost-saving synergistic of pollination liquid concentration technical indicator.This pollination technique has overcome the death of pollen swelling, pollen adheres to chamber wall, pollen obstruction shower nozzle and the inequality of dusting easily and causes practical problems such as pollination weak effect; And pure pollen consumption is merely every mu of 8-11g; Reach and practice thrift pollen consumption and labour, reduce cost and improve the purpose of pollination efficiency.
Three, summary of the invention
Technical problem
It is dead to the objective of the invention is to solve in the liquid pollination method the easy swelling of pollen, disperses inhomogeneous, reach other existing pollinating method time-consuming, take a lot of work, take problems such as pollen, efficient are not high.Through screening best pollination formula of liquid and confirming best pollen concentration, carry out artificial supplementary pollination through the method for spraying, reach the purpose that reduces cost and improve pollination efficiency.
Technical scheme
A kind of pear tree liquid pollination new method of cost-saving synergistic comprises:
The preparation pollen nutrient liquid, its mass ratio is: 15% sucrose, 0.01% boric acid, 0.05% nitrate of lime, 0.04% xanthans, all the other are water;
At the pears full-bloom stage, with the pure pollen of pears, the pollination liquid of processing pollen concentration and be 0.8g/L is with electrostatic atomiser spraying pollination with pollen nutrient liquid, and every mu of pure pollen consumption in ground is 8-11g.
Beneficial effect
This patent as the pollen dispersant, with the medium of sucrose as osmotic pressure inside and outside the balance pollen, and adds two kinds of material nitrate of lime and the boric acid that promotes pollen germination with 0.04% xanthans, is made into pollen nutrient liquid.At the pollen solution of full-bloom stage with nutrient solution preparation 0.8g/L; And carry out manual work spraying pollination with electrostatic atomiser in back two hours in preparation, and overcome problems such as the pollen swelling is dead, dispersion is inhomogeneous, reduced production cost; Improve pollination efficiency, and do not influenced fruit quality.
1, the nutrient solution prescription composition that uses in this patent is xanthans, sucrose, nitrate of lime and boric acid, and cost is low, and acquisition easily, prepares simply, is easy to the orchard worker and grasps, and is adapted at producing upward middle application;
2, this patent nutrient solution has overcome pollen swelling death easily in liquid, dispersion is inhomogeneous, pollen adheres to chamber wall easily, pollen stops up shower nozzle and the inequality of dusting causes the pollination weak effect; Practical problem such as can't really use; And for the sprouting of pollen on gynoecium essential moisture and nutriment is provided, guaranteed the success rate of pollination;
3, compare with other pollinating method with this patent method, labor cost is low, and recruitment is few; Speed is fast, and efficient is high, pollen amount ratio duster few with the powder amount; The amount of labour used is little; And receive the influence of natural environmental condition little, can overcome flowering asynchronism, the phenomenons such as poor pollination that cause because of factors such as insect pollinator are few;
4, this patent can solve effectively the NORTHWEST CHINA portion pears producing region florescence in spring normal occur arid even sandstorm weather cause pistil stigma by sand and dust cover, moisture content is few on the column cap; Be unfavorable for the normal problem of sprouting of pollen; Liquid pollination can keep the skin wet effectively and rinse out the part sand and dust; Help the sprouting of pollen, improve the pollination effect.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 technology path figure
The pollination of Fig. 2 electrodynamic type electrostatic atomiser field spray.
Five, embodiment
1. the collection of pollen
Select the pear flower of big flower bud phase, adopt down the back and take back, flower pesticide is peeled with ice chest; At 25 ℃ of drying condition held diels; Treat to sieve after pollen is produced from flower pesticide fully, remove the flower pesticide residue, it is wrapped in the parcel that is converted into template; It is subsequent use to put into the silica gel preservation, records this pollen germination rate 74%.
2. the screening of pears liquid pollination nutrient solution
Xanthans with 0.04% as main Osmolyte regulator, is chosen the Main Ingredients and Appearance that two kinds in boric acid and nitrate of lime promotes the material of pollen germination as nutrient solution with sucrose as the pollen dispersant.It is 13%, 15%, 17%, 20% that the sucrose concentration gradient is set respectively; The concentration gradient of boric acid is 0,0.005%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%; The concentration gradient of nitrate of lime is 0,0.01%, 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.07%, 0.09%.The pollen of ' chrysanthemum ', ' Dangshan pear ', ' if light ' pears is taken out after hatching 2 hours in the nutrient solution at variable concentrations respectively and places on the agar that does not contain nutrient component; Under 25 ℃ of dark conditions, preserve moisture and cultivated 3 hours; With pollen tube growth length surpass the pollen grain diameter as the pollen of having sprouted, the statistics pollen germination rate.
The result shows: optimum pollen vigor is preserved and the liquid nutrient solution of sprouting is: the xanthans of 15% sucrose+0.01% boric acid+0.05% nitrate of lime+0.04%.
3. pears liquid pollination field trial
3.1 the preparation of nutrient solution
By prescription 15% sucrose, 0.01% boric acid, 0.05% nitrate of lime, 0.04% xanthans, all the other are water; Be cooled to room temperature after earlier xanthans fully being dissolved with boiling water, add sucrose, nitrate of lime and boric acid then successively and stir, it is fully dissolved, add pollen at last, stir rapidly, it is uniformly dispersed in solution.
3.2 pollen solution concentration screening
With ' yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest ' (authorization kind; The main breed that China breeds) and ' abundance of water ' (from the kind that Japan introduces, become the main breed in the many places of China at present, existing area under cultivation is above 1,000,000 mu) for trying material; With ' chrysanthemum ' (authorization kind; The main breed that China breeds) and ' Dangshan pear ' (landrace that China is traditional also are the maximum pears kinds of present China area under cultivation) pollen 0.2g/L, 0.4g/L, 0.6g/L, 0.8g/L, a 1.0g/L5 pollen concentration liquid pollination are set in the righttest nutrient solution that filters out, it is to contrast that artificial point is awarded; 30 consistent inflorescences of growing way are selected in every processing; Stay 2 flowers, overlap the sulfuric acid paper bag after every flower is awarded 3 μ l pollination liquid, add up fruit-setting rate after 15 days.
After confirming to reach the righttest pollen concentration of the highest fruit-setting rate; Select the pollen of ' chrysanthemum ', ' Dangshan pear ' and ' if light ' pears for use; With Liaoning main breed ' Nanguo pear ' serves as that the examination material carries out the pears liquid pollination; With the spontaneous pollination is contrast, and all inflorescences of choosing on the major branch at full-bloom stage carry out liquid pollination, and every strain pollen consumption is calculated in the pollination back; Add up fruit-setting rate behind the 20d, treat to measure fruit quality indexs such as single fruit weight, longitudinal and transverse demeter, hardness, soluble solid, number seeds, seed quality, soluble solid, titratable acid and Vc content after fruit maturation is gathered.Hardness is fixed with GY-1 type hardness of fruit instrumentation; Soluble solid is measured with WYT-4 type hand refractometer; The soluble sugar anthrone method is measured; Vc content is with 2, and 6-dichloropheno-lindophenol method is measured; Titratable acid adopts alkali formula titration measuring.Next year is contrast again with the spontaneous pollination; Select for use ' chrysanthemum ' pear flower to carry out liquid pollination for ' Dangshan pear ' and ' abundance of water ' pears in Suining county and Anhui Dangshan County respectively; Add up fruit-setting rate after 20 days,, and compare with other pollinating method with checking result of the test last year.
The result shows: reaching, the righttest pollen concentration of high fruit-setting rate is 0.8g/L; And select ' chrysanthemum ', ' Dangshan pear ' for use and ' if light ' three kind of different pear pollens divide ' Nanguo pear ' carried out liquid pollination, fruit-setting rate is higher by 10.95% than spontaneous pollination respectively, 11.16% and 18.85%.In addition, the analysis result of fruit quality is shown that the righttest pollen concentration liquid pollination fruit quality is suitable with artificial pollination, after three kinds of different pear pollens carried out liquid pollination to Nanguo pear, fruit quality and spontaneous pollination did not have significant difference yet.Next year result of the test demonstration: ' chrysanthemum ' pear pollen carries out liquid pollination to ' Dangshan pear ' and ' abundance of water ' pears; The inflorescence fruit-setting rate reaches 90.0% and 49.1%; Single flower fruit-setting rate reaches 95.0% and 37.5%; And ' Dangshan pear ' and ' chrysanthemum ' pears spontaneous pollination inflorescence fruit-setting rate is merely 47.0% and 62.5%, and single flower fruit-setting rate is 8.3% and 27.1%.
3.3. the field of different pollinating methods relatively
' chrysanthemum ' pear pollen (germination rate is 74%) to gather then is a pollinated variety; Use common watering can, usual pressure formula sprayer (8L respectively; Participants in a bridge game's dynamic high-pressure sprayer under the city) and electrodynamic type electrostatic atomiser (3WBJ-14; China granary Suzhou Jiale Plant Protection Machinery Technology Co., Ltd.) ' Dangshan pear ' and ' abundance of water ' pears is carried out liquid pollination, calculate every mu of pollen consumption and pollination time, and compare with other pollinating method.The result sees table 1.
The pollination efficiency of the existing pollinating method of table 1 and this method relatively
Table 1 shows that liquid pollination is compared with other artificial pollination method, and every mu of pollination time is few, and pollination efficiency is high.Comprehensive every mu of pollen consumption and every mu of pollination time draw: carry out liquid pollination with the electrodynamic type electrostatic atomiser, the pollen consumption is few, and the time is short, and recruitment is few, and efficient is high.The pear pollen germination rate of general new collection is at 60%-80%, and the every mu of consumption of pear pollen that calculates germination rate 60%-80% by every mu of consumption 8.8g of pear pollen of the used germination rate 74% of this test is 8-11g.
Claims (1)
1. the pear tree liquid pollination method of a cost-saving synergistic comprises:
The preparation pollen nutrient liquid, its mass ratio is: 15% sucrose, 0.01% boric acid, 0.05% nitrate of lime, 0.04% xanthans, all the other are water;
At the pears full-bloom stage, with the pure pollen of pears, the pollination liquid of processing pollen concentration and be 0.8g/L is with electrostatic atomiser spraying pollination with pollen nutrient liquid, and every mu of pure pollen consumption in ground is 8-11g.
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| CN102599046A (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2012-07-25 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Pear pollination solution, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN103891602A (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2014-07-02 | 浙江欧银农业发展有限公司 | Cross pollination method for dendrobium officinale |
| CN104206265A (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2014-12-17 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Willow liquid hybridization pollination method |
| CN104719128A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-06-24 | 库尔勒市香梨研究中心 | Method for quickly preparing pear pollen liquid |
| CN104803740A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-07-29 | 安徽农业大学 | Pollen nutrient solution and application thereof to pear pollination |
| CN105660384A (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2016-06-15 | 全椒井府富硒生态牧业有限公司 | Liquid preparation suitable for pear tree pollination in southern Anhui region |
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| CN103891602A (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2014-07-02 | 浙江欧银农业发展有限公司 | Cross pollination method for dendrobium officinale |
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