CN115568417B - Liquid spray pollination method for macadimia nuts - Google Patents
Liquid spray pollination method for macadimia nuts Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
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Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid spray pollination method for macadimia nuts, and belongs to the technical field of plant planting pollination. The method comprises the following steps: (1) collecting pollen: collecting inflorescences of male parent when the macadimia nuts enter the full bloom stage, sweeping, and collecting pollen of the male parent; (2) configuration of liquid pollination liquid: according to the mass ratio, the collected pollen is 0.03-0.1%, the Bifei (green tea) is 0.04-0.05%, the sucrose is 0.3-0.5%, the xanthan gum is 0.03-0.04%, the boric acid is 0.03-0.05%, the calcium nitrate is 0.03-0.05%, the vitamin C is 0.01-0.02%, and the balance is water, and the liquid pollination liquid is obtained after uniform mixing; (3) Throwing the prepared liquid pollination liquid into a sprayer for artificial pollination; (4) When artificial pollination is carried out, the sprayer is sprayed at a distance of 20-30cm from the Australian nut inflorescence. According to the invention, the liquid pollination liquid formula is regulated, substances capable of providing nutrition, promoting pollen germination, pollen tube growth and the like are added to improve the activity of pollen, and meanwhile, the adhesion force with female stigma is improved, and then the pollination efficiency and success rate are improved by means of spraying.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting pollination, and particularly relates to a liquid spray pollination method for macadimia nuts.
Background
Macadamia nut, alias: macadamia nut, kunsland chestnut, and juglans mandshurica. The macadimia nut is rich in nutrition, has the oil content of 70% -79%, is especially rich in unsaturated fatty acid, and mainly contains oleic acid and palmitic acid. The nuts are fragrant, crisp and delicious, have unique cream flavor, and can be eaten frequently to achieve various effects of regulating cholesterol of a human body, controlling blood sugar level, reducing blood pressure, preventing tumors, improving qi color, resisting aging and the like, so that the nuts are popular among the masses. The main production areas of Australian nut planting are mainly distributed in regions such as Yunnan, guangxi, sichuan and Guangdong, and in recent years, along with the increase of the consumer market, the demand for nuts is increased, and the planting area is gradually enlarged.
The flowering characteristic of macadimia nuts is that the bore flowers, the inflorescences are longer, the flowering period is shorter, and the time from flowering to flowers is usually about 7 days. How to effectively improve the pollination rate, the result condition is determined, and the yield is high and low, so that the improvement of the pollination rate is particularly important. The flowering period of macadimia nuts in Guangxi is typically during the period from the end of 2 months to the last ten days of 4 months. The time is generally in the air in cloudy and rainy days, so that the development of pollination work is greatly influenced, and the difficulty is high, as follows: 1. low temperature, less insects and low insect activity; 2. the humidity of the air is high, and bacteria are easy to be induced, or flowers are quick to be fallen. This will affect the pollination success rate. In the prior art, artificial pollination is generally adopted for adjustment, but the flower quantity of the macadimia nut is large, the traditional brush type artificial pollination is large in workload, and the inflorescences are small and fragile, the strength is not well controlled, loss is caused, and the pollination rate is not high; pollen is collected, and the artificial pollination mode of the fan is utilized to greatly improve the pollination efficiency and success rate. However, the pollen collection amount in the early stage is very large, and the inflorescences are required to be large, so that the labor cost in the early stage is large. How to adjust the pollination mode can improve the pollination efficiency and the pollination success rate, and can reduce the labor cost, thus being the subject of continuous research required by the macadimia nut researchers.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the liquid spray pollination method for the macadimia nut, which is characterized in that substances capable of providing nutrition, promoting pollen germination, pollen tube growth and the like are added to improve the activity of pollen, and meanwhile, the adhesion force with female stigma is improved, and then the pollination efficiency and success rate are improved by means of spraying.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a method for liquid spray pollination of macadimia nuts, comprising the steps of:
(1) Collecting pollen: collecting inflorescences which are opened on a male parent tree when the macadimia nut enters a full bloom stage, sweeping the inflorescences, and collecting male parent pollen for later use;
(2) Preparing liquid pollination liquid: according to the mass ratio, the collected pollen is 0.03-0.1%, the Bifei (green tea) is 0.04-0.05%, the sucrose is 0.3-0.5%, the xanthan is 0.03-0.04%, the boric acid is 0.03-0.05%, the calcium nitrate is 0.03-0.05%, the vitamin C is 0.01-0.02%, and the balance is water, and the liquid pollination liquid is obtained after uniform mixing;
(3) Throwing the prepared liquid pollination liquid into a sprayer, and performing artificial pollination by using the sprayer; pollination is carried out within 3-4 hours after the liquid pollination liquid is prepared;
(4) When artificial pollination is carried out, the sprayer is sprayed at a distance of 20-30cm from the inflorescence of the macadimia nut, and the time is 9:00-16:00 of sunny or cloudy days.
Further, the liquid pollination liquid is configured: firstly, stirring and dissolving weighed xanthan gum with water, filtering with gauze, and adding into a constant volume barrel; dissolving weighed sucrose with water, filtering with gauze, and putting into a constant volume barrel; adding the green, boric acid, calcium nitrate and vitamin C according to the proportion, adding part of water, stirring and uniformly mixing to dissolve, finally adding pollen, stirring and uniformly mixing, and finally adding water to a certain volume to the proportion.
Further, the liquid pollination liquid comprises 0.1% of pollen, 0.04% of Bifei, 0.5% of sucrose, 0.03-0.04% of xanthan gum, 0.03-0.05% of boric acid, 0.03-0.05% of calcium nitrate, 0.01% of vitamin C and the balance of water.
Furthermore, in the step (4), the artificial pollination is performed by adopting an electric sprayer, so that the flowers are wetted, and the artificial pollination is not suitable for being sprayed to the flowers to drip.
Further, insects are introduced for supplementary pollination either 1-2 days before or after artificial pollination. Through setting up the beehive in the orchard, place 2-3 beehives per mu, place separately.
The sprayer of the invention is prepared by adopting the existing pollen sprayer on the market.
The liquid pollination liquid has the following functions:
the green care contains more than 30 plant active substances such as natural plant endogenous hormones, flavonoid substances, amino acids and the like, plays a role in regulating flowering and fruiting, and is a compound balance plant growth regulator.
Sucrose provides necessary nutrition for pollen, can regulate osmotic pressure, effectively prevent and reduce pollen from expanding and cracking, and ensure pollen activity.
Boric acid has the function of regulating the reproduction process of plants, and the boron content of flowers is highest. When the pollen is low, boron can stimulate the pollen to germinate, the pollen tube is elongated, and the pollination rate is improved. Boric acid can promote pollen in the pollination liquid to scatter, and is favorable for uniform pollination.
Calcium nitrate provides exogenous calcium for pollen, and proper concentration of calcium can improve germination rate and germination speed of pollen and promote growth of pollen tube.
Large amount of pollen germination on stigma: the number of pollen tubes at the base of the cross-pollinated columns was 2.5 times that of self-pollinated.
The vitamin C has strong antioxidation and simultaneously provides nutrition for pollen, can help plants resist excessive ultraviolet rays, and has protection and delay effects on flowers and fruits.
The xanthan gum has excellent thickening property, suspension property, emulsifying property and water solubility, plays a role in thickening in liquid pollination liquid, improves the adhesion of the stigma, improves the binding force of pollen and the stigma, and improves the pollination success rate.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the liquid pollination liquid is adopted, and contains pollen, green, sucrose, xanthan gum, boric acid, calcium nitrate and vitamin C, so that the vigor of pollen can be improved, pollen germination is stimulated, pollen tubes are elongated, meanwhile, the pollen is well dispersed, the liquid is well viscous, the liquid is convenient to spray by a sprayer, the pollination liquid can be well adhered to flower columns, the pollination success rate is improved, the fruit setting rate is improved, and the yield of macadimia nuts is increased. The invention adopts the liquid pollination method to replace the dry powder artificial pollination, thereby effectively improving the working efficiency and reducing the labor cost. And the liquid pollination liquid is simple and convenient to prepare, has strong practicability and is suitable for large-area popularization.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but is not limited to the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for liquid spray pollination of macadimia nuts, comprising the steps of:
(1) Collecting pollen: collecting inflorescences opened on a male parent tree in 3 months to come back when a mature Australian nut garden main variety 'Guihua No. 1' in the Longzhou county of the Chong left city enters a full bloom period, and collecting male parent pollen for later use by sweeping the inflorescences;
(2) Preparing liquid pollination liquid: the feed is prepared from, by mass, 0.1% of pollen, 0.04% of Bikang, 0.5% of sucrose, 0.04% of xanthan gum, 0.03% of boric acid, 0.05% of calcium nitrate, 0.01% of vitamin C and the balance of water.
The preparation process of the liquid pollination liquid comprises the following steps: firstly, stirring and dissolving weighed xanthan gum with water, filtering with gauze, and adding into a constant volume barrel; dissolving weighed sucrose with water, filtering with gauze, and putting into a constant volume barrel; adding the Bikang, the boric acid, the calcium nitrate and the vitamin C according to the proportion, adding part of water, stirring and uniformly mixing to dissolve, finally adding pollen, stirring and uniformly mixing, and finally adding water to a certain volume to the proportion to obtain the liquid pollination liquid;
(3) And (3) throwing the prepared liquid pollination liquid into an electric sprayer, and performing artificial pollination by using the sprayer. Pollination is carried out within 3-4 hours after the liquid pollination liquid is prepared;
(4) When artificial pollination is carried out, the electric sprayer is sprayed at a position 20-30cm away from the inflorescence of the macadimia nut, the time is 9:00-11:00 in sunny morning, the flowers are wetted during spraying, the flowers are not suitable to be sprayed to the flower to drip, annoy flowers are avoided due to excessive water quantity, the pollination success rate is influenced, and pollen waste caused by excessive consumption is avoided.
Example 2
A method for liquid spray pollination of macadimia nuts, comprising the steps of:
(1) Collecting pollen: in the mature Australian hard orchard of Qinzhou, when the main cultivated variety 'Guifei No. 1' enters the full bloom stage, collecting inflorescences opened on the male parent tree in the middle of 3 months, and collecting male parent pollen for later use by sweeping the inflorescences;
(2) Preparing liquid pollination liquid: the feed is prepared from, by mass, 0.1% of pollen, 0.04% of Bikang, 0.5% of sucrose, 0.04% of xanthan gum, 0.05% of boric acid, 0.03% of calcium nitrate, 0.01% of vitamin C and the balance of water.
The preparation process of the liquid pollination liquid comprises the following steps: firstly, stirring and dissolving weighed xanthan gum with water, filtering with gauze, and adding into a constant volume barrel; dissolving weighed sucrose with water, filtering with gauze, and putting into a constant volume barrel; adding the Bikang, the boric acid, the calcium nitrate and the vitamin C according to the proportion, adding part of water, stirring and uniformly mixing to dissolve, finally adding pollen, stirring and uniformly mixing, and finally adding water to a certain volume to the proportion to obtain the liquid pollination liquid;
(3) And (3) throwing the prepared liquid pollination liquid into an electric sprayer, and performing artificial pollination by using the sprayer. Pollination is carried out within 3-4 hours after the liquid pollination liquid is prepared;
(4) When artificial pollination is carried out, the electric sprayer is sprayed at a position 20-30cm away from the inflorescence of the macadimia nut, the time is 14:00-16:00 a day afternoon, the flowers are wetted during spraying, the flowers are not suitable to be sprayed to the flower to drip, annoy flowers are prevented from being caused by excessive water quantity, the pollination success rate is influenced, and pollen waste caused by excessive consumption is also avoided.
(5) Introducing bees 2 days before artificial pollination for supplementary pollination, arranging beehives in an orchard, and placing 2 beehives per mu and separately.
Example 3
A method for liquid spray pollination of macadimia nuts, comprising the steps of:
(1) Collecting pollen: when mature Australian hard orchards of Fu-seiid county in Chong-left city and main cultivated variety Gui-Hui-heat No. 1 enter into full bloom period, collecting inflorescences opened on the male parent tree before and after 3 months later, slightly sweeping inflorescences, and collecting male parent pollen for later use;
(2) Preparing liquid pollination liquid: the feed is prepared from, by mass, 0.8% of pollen, 0.05% of Bikang, 0.3% of sucrose, 0.03-0.04% of xanthan gum, 0.03-0.05% of boric acid, 0.03-0.05% of calcium nitrate, 0.01% of vitamin C and the balance of water.
The preparation process of the liquid pollination liquid comprises the following steps: firstly, stirring and dissolving weighed xanthan gum with water, filtering with gauze, and adding into a constant volume barrel; dissolving weighed sucrose with water, filtering with gauze, and putting into a constant volume barrel; adding the Bikang, the boric acid, the calcium nitrate and the vitamin C according to the proportion, adding part of water, stirring and uniformly mixing to dissolve, finally adding pollen, stirring and uniformly mixing, and finally adding water to a certain volume to the proportion to obtain the liquid pollination liquid;
(3) And (3) throwing the prepared liquid pollination liquid into an electric sprayer, and performing artificial pollination by using the sprayer. Pollination is carried out within 3-4 hours after the liquid pollination liquid is prepared;
(4) When artificial pollination is carried out, the electric sprayer is sprayed at a position 20-30cm away from the inflorescence of the macadimia nut, the time is 10:00-11:00 in sunny days or in overcast days, the flowers are wetted during spraying, the flowers are not suitable to be sprayed to the flower to drip, annoy flowers are prevented from being caused by excessive water quantity, the pollination success rate is influenced, and pollen waste caused by excessive consumption is also avoided.
(5) And (3) introducing bees on the day of artificial pollination to carry out supplementary pollination, arranging beehives in an orchard, and placing 3 beehives per mu and separately.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that in the full bloom stage, artificial pollination is adopted after pollen is collected, the pollen is dipped with a writing brush or chicken feather, and then a light sweep is carried out on the stigma of the female parent.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 2 is that in the full bloom stage, artificial pollination is adopted after pollen is collected, the pollen is dipped with a writing brush or chicken feather, and then a light sweep is carried out on the stigma of the female parent.
After 45 days of pollination, the fruit setting rates of the planted macadimia nuts of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 were counted, the fresh fruit yields of the individual plants were recorded in the period of 9-10 middle and summarized in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different pollination methods on macadamia nuts
Note that: (1) The pollination time is counted, the actual pollination work is carried out, the preparation time is not counted, and the rest time is not counted.
(2) Fruit setting rate (%) = single-cluster fruit setting number/single-cluster flower number x 100%, as the number of the Australian nut inflorescences is large, the flower of each cluster inflorescences is 200-300, and the single-cluster flower number is calculated by taking an average of 250 inflorescences as an inflorescences. 20 inflorescences are randomly sampled from each tree, and 10 Australian nut trees are distributed in different ways in each orchard.
As can be seen from table 1, the method of the invention can not only effectively improve the working efficiency of pollination and save time, thereby reducing the expenditure of labor cost; and the fruit setting rate is obviously improved, and the yield of single plants is also obviously improved. Examples 2 and 3 introduce insect pollination, so that the fruit setting rate is slightly improved compared with example 1; the fruit setting rate of the insects before artificial pollination is slightly higher than that of the insects before artificial pollination, and the main reason is that the insects are introduced in advance, so that the insects are familiar with an orchard, and the insects pollinate better in the full bloom period.
As the macadimia nuts can enter the physiological fruit dropping period in 5-7 months, fruit protection and fruit dropping measures are also required in the later period of the invention, and fertilizer is applied. Fruit setting cannot be completed, fruits are fallen partially due to physiological phenomena, fruits are thinned partially according to the nutrient conditions of the macadimia nuts and the growth conditions of the fruits, and the fruits are prevented from being smaller due to the fact that the fruits are deprived of nutrients, so that the quality of the fruits is ensured.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiment should not be construed as limiting the invention, and the scope of the invention should be defined by the appended claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for liquid spray pollination of macadimia nuts, comprising the steps of:
(1) Collecting pollen: collecting inflorescences which are opened on a male parent tree when the macadimia nut enters a full bloom stage, sweeping the inflorescences, and collecting male parent pollen for later use;
(2) Preparing liquid pollination liquid: according to the mass ratio, the collected pollen is 0.03-0.1%, the Bifei (green tea) is 0.04-0.05%, the sucrose is 0.3-0.5%, the xanthan is 0.03-0.04%, the boric acid is 0.03-0.05%, the calcium nitrate is 0.03-0.05%, the vitamin C is 0.01-0.02%, and the balance is water, and the liquid pollination liquid is obtained after uniform mixing;
(3) Throwing the prepared liquid pollination liquid into a sprayer, and performing artificial pollination by using the sprayer; pollination is carried out within 3-4 hours after the liquid pollination liquid is prepared;
(4) When artificial pollination is carried out, the sprayer is sprayed at a distance of 20-30cm from the inflorescence of the macadimia nut, and the time is 9:00-16:00 of sunny or cloudy days.
2. The macadamia nut liquid spray pollination method of claim 1, wherein the liquid pollination liquid is configured: firstly, stirring and dissolving weighed xanthan gum with water, filtering with gauze, and adding into a constant volume barrel; dissolving weighed sucrose with water, filtering with gauze, and putting into a constant volume barrel; adding the green, boric acid, calcium nitrate and vitamin C according to the proportion, adding part of water, stirring and uniformly mixing to dissolve, finally adding pollen, stirring and uniformly mixing, and finally adding water to a certain volume to the proportion.
3. The liquid spray pollination method of macadimia nuts according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid pollination liquid comprises 0.08-0.1% of pollen, 0.04% of green, 0.5% of sucrose, 0.03-0.04% of xanthan gum, 0.03-0.05% of boric acid, 0.03-0.05% of calcium nitrate, 0.01% of vitamin C and the balance of water.
4. The liquid spray pollination method of macadimia nuts according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the artificial pollination is performed by adopting an electric sprayer, so that flowers are wetted, and the flowers are not suitable to be sprayed to drip.
5. The liquid spray pollination method of macadamia nuts according to claim 1, wherein insects are introduced for supplementary pollination 1-2 days before or after artificial pollination.
6. The method of liquid spray pollination of macadamia nuts as claimed in claim 5, wherein the beehives are arranged in the orchard, and 2-3 beehives are arranged in each mu of the orchard and are separated.
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