CN109819853B

CN109819853B - Method for promoting early maturing, quality improving and yield increasing of autumn Chinese olive

Info

Publication number: CN109819853B
Application number: CN201910257582.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙永军
Original assignee: Huai'an Plant Protection And Quarantine Station
Current assignee: Huai'an Plant Protection And Quarantine Station
Priority date: 2019-04-01
Filing date: 2019-04-01
Publication date: 2021-11-09
Anticipated expiration: 2039-04-01
Also published as: CN109819853A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for promoting early ripening, quality improvement and yield increase of snakegourd fruit after autumn, which takes autumn solar terms as a boundary point, and sprays sodium bisulfite aqueous solution or mixed aqueous solution of sodium bisulfite and ethephon five times at intervals in the flowering period of autumn fruits from 8 months to 10 months. According to the invention, 99% of sodium bisulfite as a light respiration inhibitor and ethylene solution as a ripener are sprayed in stages in the snakegourd fruit field after autumn, so that 'summer supplementation in autumn' is realized, mature seeds of summer fruits in term can be guaranteed to be full, the yield of autumn fruits can be strived to the maximum extent, the green fruit rate of autumn fruits is greatly reduced, the quality is improved, the yield is increased, and huge yield increase potential and economic benefit are brought to melon farmers.

Description

Method for promoting early maturing, quality improving and yield increasing of autumn Chinese olive

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to a method for promoting early maturing, quality improvement and yield increase of fructus trichosanthis after autumn.

Background

Snakegourd fruit belongs to perennial root plants, and whole fruit, fruit peel, seed and root tuber can be used as medicines. The snakegourd fruit is divided into summer fruit and autumn fruit, the fruit before autumn is called summer fruit, and the fruit after autumn is called autumn fruit. In the beginning of autumn, the 13 th solar term is the twenty-four solar terms, the beginning of autumn is 7-9 days in 8 months every year, and the temperature gradually decreases from the hottest. If flowers are allowed to grow naturally after autumn and blossom and bear fruits, due to the influence of factors such as seasons, growth periods and the like, the photosynthesis intensity is reduced, the filling degree of summer fruits at the early stage is insufficient, the white seed rate is higher, autumn fruits generally cannot be matured normally, most of the autumn fruits are green fruits, the seeds of the autumn fruits are basically white seeds, the green fruit rate and the white seed rate are high, the quality of snakegourd fruits is low, and the yield is low. Therefore, for blooming after late autumn in late 8 months every year, the traditional production method is to artificially dredge late autumn flowers so as to reduce energy consumption, ensure early summer fruit ripening and increase seed plumpness, but lose a large amount of late autumn fruits.

The flowering and fruiting period of the snakegourd fruits is long, so that the contradiction between summer fruits and autumn fruits can be considered, the technical bottleneck is solved, and the traditional management mode in snakegourd fruit production is thoroughly broken.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for promoting early ripening, quality improvement and yield increase of snakegourd fruits after autumn, wherein a light respiration inhibitor sodium bisulfite and a ripener ethylene solution are sprayed in a snakegourd field in stages after autumn, so that summer supplementation in autumn is realized, summer fruits are ripe according to the period and full in seeds, the yield of the autumn fruits is strived to the greatest extent, the rate of the autumn fruits is greatly reduced, quality improvement and yield increase are realized, and huge yield increase potential and economic benefit are brought to melon farmers.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a method for promoting early ripening and quality improvement and yield increase of snakegourd fruits after autumn is characterized in that a autumn solar term is taken as a boundary point, in the flowering and fruiting period of autumn fruits from the beginning of 8 months to the last ten days of 10 months, a sodium bisulfite aqueous solution or a mixed aqueous solution of sodium bisulfite and ethephon is sprayed on the leaves five times at intervals, specifically, every three times are sprayed with 45-60 kg leaves with 8-10 g of 99% sodium bisulfite crystals added with water for every mu evenly at intervals of 10 days, every fourth time is sprayed with 20 days at intervals, every mu is sprayed with 45-60 kg leaves with 5-8 g of 99% sodium bisulfite crystals added with water for every mu at intervals of 20 days, and every mu is sprayed with 5-8 g of 99% sodium bisulfite crystals added with 40% ethephon 100-120 ml of water for every mu at intervals of 20 days.

Further, spraying before 10 am in fine days or after 3-6 pm to evening; the spray can be applied all day after cloudy.

In a further scheme, the spraying is supplemented within 12 hours after the spraying.

The solution is prepared by a secondary dilution method, and is diluted and dissolved by warm water and then added with water to the required solution amount.

The further proposal is that the aqueous solution is used along with the preparation, thereby avoiding the mixed use with alkaline pesticide or fertilizer.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the first five times of foliage spraying of the sodium bisulfite aqueous solution, the sodium bisulfite indirectly inhibits the activity of ethanol oxidase, inhibits the light respiration of crops, improves the photosynthesis efficiency, increases the accumulation of organic matters, enables the photosynthetic products to be transferred to flowers and fruits in the reproductive growth stage more, can thicken fruit pedicels, improves the growth speed of melon bodies, forms a growth center to promote the ovary to be enlarged and robust, promotes the rapid development of the melon bodies, reduces the physiological shedding of organs, accelerates the fruit to be enlarged, has beautiful melon types, improves the fruit setting rate, reduces empty blighted fruits, improves the single fruit weight, and promotes the early ripening and yield increase of autumn fruits. The last mixed application of ethephon mainly enhances the capability of synthesizing ribonucleic acid in cells and promotes protein synthesis. Ethephon can enhance the activity of enzyme, and can activate phosphatase and other enzymes related to fruit ripening to promote fruit ripening.

2. The invention can be synchronously carried out with disease prevention, insect control, growth regulation and external fertilization, achieves multiple purposes, is simple and easy to operate, saves labor and cost, has no pollution and public nuisance, and is practical and efficient.

Detailed Description

The field test takes snake gourd fruit plants such as Wan basket No. 8, Wan basket No. 9, Wan basket No. 12, Wan basket No. 15, Wan basket No. 18 and the like of the Wan basket series as test objects.

The embodiment takes autumn solar terms as a boundary point, the autumn is started at 8 months and 7-9 days every year, the interval period of the first three-time spraying is 10 days, the first spraying is started at 8 months and 8 days, the second spraying and the third spraying are carried out at 18 days and 28 days at 8 months and 8 months, and 45-60 kilograms of leaf surfaces are uniformly sprayed with 8-10 grams of 99% sodium bisulfite crystals added with water per mu. The spraying is carried out for 17 days in 9 months at intervals of 20 days for the fourth time, 5-8 g of 99% sodium bisulfite crystals and 45-60 kg of water are uniformly sprayed on the leaf surface of each mu, and 5-8 g of 99% sodium bisulfite crystals and 100-120 ml of 40% ethylene aqua are mixed for spraying for 100-120 ml of water in 10 months and 7 days at intervals of 20 days for the fifth time. In view of the particularity that snakegourd fruit needs to be grown on the shelf, multilayer blades can be overlapped and grow towards the sun after the shed is sealed on the shelf, so that fog drops cannot be sprayed on the front surfaces and the overlapped parts of the blades, great difficulty is brought to spraying, and in order to ensure that the front surfaces and the back surfaces of the blades can be uniformly sprayed with fog, a method of properly increasing water adding amount and combining spraying of a plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle can be adopted to improve the effect.

Note that: the method is carried out before 10 am on a sunny day, preferably leaf surface spraying is carried out from 3-6 pm to evening, and the method can be carried out on a cloudy day in the whole day; the spraying is carried out again after 12 hours of rain. The aqueous solution should be prepared for use at any time, and is not suitable for long-term storage. Avoid being mixed with alkaline pesticide or fertilizer for use.

In the first comparative example, flowers grow naturally after autumn, and flowers and fruits are grown.

The second comparative example adopts the traditional method of manually scattering flowers after autumn.

And (3) test results:

1. fruit setting rate and seed number index comparison:

the same variety, the average single plant of the melon vine has 4-6 fruit setting in the second comparative example, the plant of the embodiment of the invention has strong continuous fruit setting capability, the average single plant of the melon vine can continuously set about 10 fruit setting, the maximum single plant of the melon vine can reach more than 15 fruit setting, and the melon vine is ripe 7-10 days earlier. Random sampling is adopted, and the average total grain number of each mature single fruit in the example is 198 grains, the grain number is 193 grains, and the empty grain number is 5 grains; comparative example two the average total number of grains per ripe single fruit was 171, the number of grains was 161, and the number of empty grains was 10. The former has 27 grains and 32 grains more than the latter, and the number of empty grains is reduced by 5 grains, while the embodiment has less empty grains and plump grains.

2. Comparing the indexes of single fruit weight, yield per mu and seed yield:

example average single fruit weight 271.0 grams, 15.4 grams higher than the comparative example two 255.6 grams; the yield per mu of the embodiment is 950 kilograms of mature fresh fruits and 327 kilograms higher than that of the second 623 kilograms of the comparative proportion; the average seed yield of the example is 10.79 percent, which is 2.29 percent higher than the average seed yield of the comparative example of 8.50 percent; the embodiment converts the grains of snakegourd fruit into 102.5 kilograms, and the grains are 49.5 kilograms higher than 53.0 kilograms of a comparative example. The fresh weight of single fruit, the per mu yield of fresh fruit, the thousand seed weight, the seed yield and the final benefit are all higher than those of the comparative example two, and the yield is increased by 15 to 20 percent. Calculated according to 30 yuan per kg of grains, the example can sell 3075 yuan, and compared with the second 1590 yuan, the example is 1485 yuan higher.

3. Comparing the yield and income of the melon peels:

in the examples, the average yield per mu of the melon shell is 140 kilograms, which is 28 kilograms higher than the yield per mu of the second melon shell of the comparison ratio, and according to the calculation of 10 yuan per kilogram, the melon shell can be sold for 1400 yuan in the examples, and the melon shell is 280 yuan higher than the melon shell of the comparison ratio 1120 yuan.

4. And (3) comparing the Chinese olive rate indexes:

the average rate of olive fruits after autumn is 27.1%, the rate of olive fruits is 86.3% in the comparative example I, and the rate of olive fruits is reduced by 59.2%.

In the example, the average 27.1% of the Chinese olive can be sold per mu for about 500 yuan.

In addition, the planting period of the snakegourd fruits is 3-5 years, mature roots of each plant of the snakegourd fruits in the field after 4 years are about 15 kilograms, the total income per mu is 7.02-8.1 ten thousand yuan according to the market price of 18 yuan per kilogram and 300 snakegourd roots per mu, and the income per mu is 1.755-2.025 ten thousand yuan. The total income per mu is 2.20-2.47 ten thousand yuan. The difference between the agricultural and artificial investment costs is eliminated, and the embodiment can increase the income per mu by about 2600 yuan compared with the comparison ratio.

Claims

1. A method for promoting early maturing, quality improvement and yield increase of fructus trichosanthis after autumn is characterized by comprising the following steps: taking the solar terms of early autumn as a boundary point, spraying a sodium bisulfite aqueous solution on the leaf surfaces for multiple times in the flowering period of the autumn fruits from the beginning of 8 months to the last ten days of 10 months, and finally spraying a sodium bisulfite and ethephon mixed aqueous solution for the last time;

and 5, spraying the mixture for five times, wherein every three times are separated by 10 days, every mu of the mixture is uniformly sprayed with 45-60 kg of leaf surface added with 8-10 g of 99% sodium bisulfite crystal, every mu of the mixture is uniformly sprayed with 45-60 kg of leaf surface added with 5-8 g of 99% sodium bisulfite crystal, every mu of the mixture is uniformly sprayed with 5-8 g of 99% sodium bisulfite crystal added with 40% ethephon 100-120 ml of water, and every mu of the mixture is sprayed with 45-60 kg of mixed water at 20 days.

2. The method for promoting early ripening, quality improvement and yield increase of the post-autumn Chinese olive of the snakegourd fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: spraying before 10 am in fine days or after 3-6 pm to evening; the spray can be applied all day after cloudy.

3. The method for promoting early ripening, quality improvement and yield increase of the post-autumn Chinese olive of the snakegourd fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the spraying is carried out again within 12 hours after the spraying.

4. The method for promoting early ripening, quality improvement and yield increase of the post-autumn Chinese olive of the snakegourd fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the aqueous solution is prepared by a secondary dilution method, and is diluted and dissolved by warm water and then added with water to the required solution amount.

5. The method for promoting early ripening, quality improvement and yield increase of the post-autumn Chinese olive of the snakegourd fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the aqueous solution is used along with the preparation, and is prevented from being mixed with alkaline pesticide or fertilizer for use.