CN103004418A - Cultivation method for improving quality of grape - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving quality of grape Download PDFInfo
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- CN103004418A CN103004418A CN2012105382003A CN201210538200A CN103004418A CN 103004418 A CN103004418 A CN 103004418A CN 2012105382003 A CN2012105382003 A CN 2012105382003A CN 201210538200 A CN201210538200 A CN 201210538200A CN 103004418 A CN103004418 A CN 103004418A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for improving the quality of grape, and the method comprises the steps of tip trimming, bud controlling and fertilizer and water management, wherein the tip trimming and bud controlling step comprises the steps of (1) trimming in winter; (2) trimming in summer; (3) eliminating auxiliary tips; and (5) thinning flowers and fruits; and the fertilizer and water management step comprises the following steps of (1) base fertilizer; (2) sprouting fertilizer; (3) vine strengthening fertilizer and fruit swelling fertilizer; (4) coloring fertilizer; and (5) harvesting fertilizer. By adopting the technical means, the tip trimming, bud controlling and fertilizer and water control parts can be optimized in the grape cultivation process, so that solid content in the grape fruit is high, the cluster shape is attractive, the fruit is large, the fruit color is good, and the grape quality is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to grape cultivation method, be specifically related to a kind of cultivation method that improves grape quality.
Background technology
Grape, Latin formal name used at school Vitis vinifera, Vitis (Vitis) defoliation liana slaps lobately, and 3-5 lacks and to split, and compound raceme is conical usually, and it is circular or oval that berry mostly is, and color and luster is different with kind.The mankind just begin to cultivate this planting fruit-trees a long time ago, almost account for 1/4th of whole world fruits output; Its nutritive value is very high, can be made into must, raisins and wine.Grain is large, skin depth, juice are few, high-quality, skin and flesh are difficultly separated, the vitis vinifera of storage tolerance is called again grape.
Along with the raising of people's living standard, more and more higher to the requirement of quality of the life, the food of immediate access especially.But at present in the course of cultivation, owing to too pursuing the output of grape, the quality of grape is ignored to some extent, and because the growth characteristics of grape itself and surrounding environment different, made the solid content, fruit ear shape, fruit grain size of grape, really complexion pool etc. is all different.
Summary of the invention
A kind of solid content is high in order to provide, the fruit ear shape is attractive in appearance for purpose of the present invention, the fruit grain is large, the coloury a kind of cultivation method that improves grape quality of fruit face.
To achieve these goals, the technological means of the present invention's employing is as follows:
This improves the cultivation method of grape quality, and it comprises top clipping control bud and rich water quality management, specifically the comprising of described top clipping control bud and rich water quality management:
Top clipping control bud:
1) winter cuts: the main climing 1.6-1.9 of staying m, and the main climing upper growth of selecting and remain is enriched, and is ripe good, and without the branch of damage by disease and insect female branch as a result of, every meter is stayed bearing basal shoot 3-5 bar, and the middle tip is trimmed to bearing basal shoot and cuts and stay the 6-8 bud;
2) summer cuts: by the tip apart from the equidistant tip of reserving of 18cm, disposable top clipping during 5-7 sheet leaf, 9-13 sheet leaf is top clipping again, the in batches pinching of 14-16 sheet leaf;
3) sublateral shoot of erasing: the sublateral shoot that the sublateral shoot that grows on the sublateral shoot of erasing and 14-16 sheet leaf top occur;
4) flower thinning, fruit thinning: dredged the unnecessary inflorescence that goes on the vegetative shoot as 2: 1 take vegetative shoot and fruit bearing shoot ratio; Pinch and remove the fringe point, make fringe shape be inverted trapezoidal, remove secondary fringe; Fruit grain is crowded wipes out the middle part branch;
Rich water quality management:
1) base manure: the last ten-days period in October, full garden spread 1400-1600 kg/acre of organic fertilizer;
2) vernalization is fertile: late January spreads fertilizer over the fields with full garden, and the mode mu that shallow hoe buries applies urea 5-15 kilogram, magnesium sulfate 25-35 kilogram, borax 2-8 kilogram;
3) strong climing fertilizer, swollen fruit are fertile: behind the bud 30-35 days and see and spend rear 18-20 days, respectively at grape root 45-55 cm place's row replacement fertilizer, consumption is every mu and applies urea 5-15 kilogram, and potassium sulphate 10-20 kilogram contains N: P: each compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20-30 kilogram of 16% of K;
4) painted fertilizer: see and spend rear 25-30 days stone phase, adopt Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium each rush fertilising and each mu of import potassium sulphate of 15% to execute the 10-20 kilogram and be watered to water and execute;
5) fruit picking is fertile: after 9 middle of the month, furrow face mu spreads fertilizer over the fields and contains N: each compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 10-20 kilogram of 15% of P: K, white lime 15-25 kilogram, shallow hoe.
Further, top clipping and the sublateral shoot of erasing take more than 5 days interval in the described top clipping control bud, force out to avoid hibernaculum.
Further, the fertilizer of the fertilizer in the described rich water quality management base manure for plant defoliation and animal wastes being obtained by fermentation afterwards become thoroughly decomposed is admixed the white lime of the 1-1.5% of the weight of fertilizer of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
The present invention adopts above technological means, optimizes top clipping control bud and two parts of rich water quality management in the viticulture process, makes that solid content in the grape fruit is high, the fruit ear shape is attractive in appearance, the fruit grain is large, fruit complexion pool is good, has improved the quality of grape.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described.
This improves the cultivation method of grape quality, and it comprises top clipping control bud and rich water quality management, specifically the comprising of described top clipping control bud and rich water quality management:
Top clipping control bud:
1) winter cuts: the main climing 1.6-1.9 of staying m, and the main climing upper growth of selecting and remain is enriched, and is ripe good, and without the branch of damage by disease and insect female branch as a result of, every meter is stayed bearing basal shoot 3-5 bar, and the middle tip is trimmed to bearing basal shoot and cuts and stay the 6-8 bud;
2) summer cuts: by the tip apart from the equidistant tip of reserving of 18cm, disposable top clipping during 5-7 sheet leaf, 9-13 sheet leaf is top clipping again, the in batches pinching of 14-16 sheet leaf;
3) sublateral shoot of erasing: the sublateral shoot that the sublateral shoot that grows on the sublateral shoot of erasing and 14-16 sheet leaf top occur;
4) flower thinning, fruit thinning: dredged the unnecessary inflorescence that goes on the vegetative shoot as 2: 1 take vegetative shoot and fruit bearing shoot ratio; Pinch and remove the fringe point, make fringe shape be inverted trapezoidal, remove secondary fringe; Fruit grain is crowded wipes out the middle part branch;
Rich water quality management:
1) base manure: the last ten-days period in October, full garden spread 1400-1600 kg/acre of organic fertilizer;
2) vernalization is fertile: late January spreads fertilizer over the fields with full garden, and the mode mu that shallow hoe buries applies urea 5-15 kilogram, magnesium sulfate 25-35 kilogram, borax 2-8 kilogram;
3) strong climing fertilizer, swollen fruit are fertile: behind the bud 30-35 days and see and spend rear 18-20 days, respectively at grape root 45-55 cm place's row replacement fertilizer, consumption is every mu and applies urea 5-15 kilogram, and potassium sulphate 10-20 kilogram contains N: P: each compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20-30 kilogram of 16% of K;
4) painted fertilizer: see and spend rear 25-30 days stone phase, adopt Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium each rush fertilising and each mu of import potassium sulphate of 15% to execute the 10-20 kilogram and be watered to water and execute;
5) fruit picking is fertile: after mid-September, furrow face mu spreads fertilizer over the fields and contains N: each compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 10-20 kilogram of 15% of P: K, white lime 15-25 kilogram, shallow hoe.
Further, top clipping and the sublateral shoot of erasing take more than 5 days interval in the described top clipping control bud, force out to avoid hibernaculum.
Further, the fertilizer of the fertilizer in the described rich water quality management base manure for plant defoliation and animal wastes being obtained by fermentation afterwards become thoroughly decomposed is admixed the white lime of the 1-1.5% of the weight of fertilizer of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
Embodiment 1
This improves the cultivation method of grape quality, and it comprises top clipping control bud and rich water quality management, specifically the comprising of described top clipping control bud and rich water quality management:
Top clipping control bud:
1) winter cuts: the main climing 1.6-1.9 of staying m, and the main climing upper growth of selecting and remain is enriched, and is ripe good, and without the branch of damage by disease and insect female branch as a result of, every meter is stayed 3 of bearing basal shoots, and the middle tip is trimmed to bearing basal shoot and cuts and stay 6 buds;
2) summer cuts: apart from the equidistant tip of reserving of 18cm, disposable top clipping during 5 leaves, 9 leaves be top clipping again, 14 in batches pinching of leaf by the tip;
3) sublateral shoot of erasing: the sublateral shoot that grows on the sublateral shoot of erasing and 14 sublateral shoots that the leaf top occurs; Top clipping and the sublateral shoot of erasing take more than 5 days interval in the top clipping control bud, force out to avoid hibernaculum;
4) flower thinning, fruit thinning: dredged the unnecessary inflorescence that goes on the vegetative shoot as 2: 1 take vegetative shoot and fruit bearing shoot ratio; Pinch and remove the fringe point, make fringe shape be inverted trapezoidal, remove secondary fringe; Fruit grain is crowded wipes out the middle part branch;
Rich water quality management:
1) base manure: the last ten-days period in October, full garden spread 1400 kg/acres of organic fertilizers;
2) vernalization is fertile: late January spreads fertilizer over the fields with full garden, and the mode mu that shallow hoe buries applies 5 kilograms in urea, 25 kilograms in magnesium sulfate, 2 kilograms of boraxs;
3) strong climing fertilizer, swollen fruit are fertile: behind the bud 30-35 days and see and spend rear 18-20 days, respectively at grape root 45cm place row replacement fertilizer, consumption was every mu and applies 5 kilograms in urea, and 10 kilograms of potassium sulphates contain N: P: K is 20 kilograms of compound potassium sulfate fertilizers of 16% respectively;
4) painted fertilizer: see and spend the rear 25 days stone phase, adopt Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium each rush fertilising and each mu of import potassium sulphate of 15% to execute 10 kilograms and be watered to water and execute;
5) fruit picking is fertile: after mid-September, furrow face mu spreads fertilizer over the fields and contains N: 10 kilograms of each compound potassium sulfate fertilizers of 15% of P: K, 15 kilograms of white limes, shallow hoe.
The fertilizer of fertilizer in the rich water quality management base manure for plant defoliation and animal wastes being obtained by fermentation afterwards become thoroughly decomposed is admixed 1% white lime of the weight of fertilizer of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
Embodiment 2
This improves the cultivation method of grape quality, and it comprises top clipping control bud and rich water quality management, specifically the comprising of described top clipping control bud and rich water quality management:
Top clipping control bud:
1) winter cuts: the main climing 1.6-1.9 of staying m, and the main climing upper growth of selecting and remain is enriched, and is ripe good, and without the branch of damage by disease and insect female branch as a result of, every meter is stayed 5 of bearing basal shoots, and the middle tip is trimmed to bearing basal shoot and cuts and stay 8 buds;
2) summer cuts: apart from the equidistant tip of reserving of 18cm, disposable top clipping during 7 leaves, 13 leaves be top clipping again, 16 in batches pinching of leaf by the tip;
3) sublateral shoot of erasing: the sublateral shoot that grows on the sublateral shoot of erasing and 16 sublateral shoots that the leaf top occurs; Top clipping and the sublateral shoot of erasing take more than 5 days interval in the top clipping control bud, force out to avoid hibernaculum;
4) flower thinning, fruit thinning: dredged the unnecessary inflorescence that goes on the vegetative shoot as 2: 1 take vegetative shoot and fruit bearing shoot ratio; Pinch and remove the fringe point, make fringe shape be inverted trapezoidal, remove secondary fringe; Fruit grain is crowded wipes out the middle part branch;
Rich water quality management:
1) base manure: the last ten-days period in October, full garden spread 1600 kg/acres of organic fertilizers;
2) vernalization is fertile: late January spreads fertilizer over the fields with full garden, and the mode mu that shallow hoe buries applies 15 kilograms in urea, 35 kilograms in magnesium sulfate, 8 kilograms of boraxs;
3) strong climing fertilizer, swollen fruit are fertile: behind the bud 30-35 days and see and spend rear 18-20 days, respectively at grape root 55cm place row replacement fertilizer, consumption was every mu and applies 15 kilograms in urea, and 20 kilograms of potassium sulphates contain N: P: K is 30 kilograms of compound potassium sulfate fertilizers of 16% respectively;
4) painted fertilizer: see and spend rear 25-30 days stone phase, adopt Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium each rush fertilising and each mu of import potassium sulphate of 15% to execute 20 kilograms and be watered to water and execute;
5) fruit picking is fertile: after 9 middle of the month, furrow face mu spreads fertilizer over the fields and contains N: 20 kilograms of each compound potassium sulfate fertilizers of 15% of P: K, 25 kilograms of white limes, shallow hoe.
Further, the fertilizer of the fertilizer in the described rich water quality management base manure for plant defoliation and animal wastes being obtained by fermentation afterwards become thoroughly decomposed is admixed 1.5% white lime of the weight of fertilizer of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
Embodiment 3
This improves the cultivation method of grape quality, and it comprises top clipping control bud and rich water quality management, specifically the comprising of described top clipping control bud and rich water quality management:
Top clipping control bud:
1) winter cuts: the main climing 1.6-1.9 of staying m, and the main climing upper growth of selecting and remain is enriched, and is ripe good, and without the branch of damage by disease and insect female branch as a result of, every meter is stayed 4 of bearing basal shoots, and the middle tip is trimmed to bearing basal shoot and cuts and stay 7 buds;
2) summer cuts: apart from the equidistant tip of reserving of 18cm, disposable top clipping during 6 leaves, 11 leaves be top clipping again, 15 in batches pinching of leaf by the tip;
3) sublateral shoot of erasing: the sublateral shoot that grows on the sublateral shoot of erasing and 15 sublateral shoots that the leaf top occurs; Top clipping and the sublateral shoot of erasing take more than 5 days interval in the top clipping control bud, force out to avoid hibernaculum;
4) flower thinning, fruit thinning: dredged the unnecessary inflorescence that goes on the vegetative shoot as 2: 1 take vegetative shoot and fruit bearing shoot ratio; Pinch and remove the fringe point, make fringe shape be inverted trapezoidal, remove secondary fringe; Fruit grain is crowded wipes out the middle part branch;
Rich water quality management:
1) base manure: the last ten-days period in October, full garden spread 1500 kg/acres of organic fertilizers;
2) vernalization is fertile: late January spreads fertilizer over the fields with full garden, and the mode mu that shallow hoe buries applies 10 kilograms in urea, 30 kilograms in magnesium sulfate, 5 kilograms of boraxs;
3) strong climing fertilizer, swollen fruit are fertile: behind the bud 30-35 days and see and spend rear 18-20 days, respectively at grape root 50cm place row replacement fertilizer, consumption was every mu and applies 10 kilograms in urea, and 15 kilograms of potassium sulphates contain N: P: K is 25 kilograms of compound potassium sulfate fertilizers of 16% respectively;
4) painted fertilizer: see and spend rear 25-30 days stone phase, adopt Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium each rush fertilising and each mu of import potassium sulphate of 15% to execute 15 kilograms and be watered to water and execute;
5) fruit picking is fertile: after mid-September, furrow face mu spreads fertilizer over the fields and contains N: 15 kilograms of each compound potassium sulfate fertilizers of 15% of P: K, 20 kilograms of white limes, shallow hoe.
Further, the fertilizer of the fertilizer in the described rich water quality management base manure for plant defoliation and animal wastes being obtained by fermentation afterwards become thoroughly decomposed is admixed 1.3% white lime of the weight of fertilizer of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
Claims (3)
1. cultivation method that improves grape quality, it comprises top clipping control bud and rich water quality management, it is characterized in that: specifically the comprising of described top clipping control bud and rich water quality management:
Top clipping control bud:
1) winter cuts: the main climing 1.6-1.9 of staying m, and the main climing upper growth of selecting and remain is enriched, and is ripe good, and without the branch of damage by disease and insect female branch as a result of, every meter is stayed bearing basal shoot 3-5 bar, and the middle tip is trimmed to bearing basal shoot and cuts and stay the 6-8 bud;
2) summer cuts: by the tip apart from the equidistant tip of reserving of 18cm, disposable top clipping during 5-7 sheet leaf, 9-13 sheet leaf is top clipping again, the in batches pinching of 14-16 sheet leaf;
3) sublateral shoot of erasing: the sublateral shoot that the sublateral shoot that grows on the sublateral shoot of erasing and 14-16 sheet leaf top occur;
4) flower thinning, fruit thinning: dredged the unnecessary inflorescence that goes on the vegetative shoot as 2: 1 take vegetative shoot and fruit bearing shoot ratio; Pinch and remove the fringe point, make fringe shape be inverted trapezoidal, remove secondary fringe; Fruit grain is crowded wipes out the middle part branch;
Rich water quality management:
1) base manure: the last ten-days period in October, full garden spread 1400-1600 kg/acre of organic fertilizer;
2) vernalization is fertile: late January spreads fertilizer over the fields with full garden, and the mode mu that shallow hoe buries applies urea 5-15 kilogram, magnesium sulfate 25-35 kilogram, borax 2-8 kilogram;
3) strong climing fertilizer, swollen fruit are fertile: behind the bud 30-35 days and see and spend rear 18-20 days, respectively at grape root 45-55 cm place's row replacement fertilizer, consumption is every mu and applies urea 5-15 kilogram, and potassium sulphate 10-20 kilogram contains N: P: each compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20-30 kilogram of 16% of K;
4) painted fertilizer: see and spend rear 25-30 days stone phase, adopt Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium each rush fertilising and each mu of import potassium sulphate of 15% to execute the 10-20 kilogram and be watered to water and execute;
5) fruit picking is fertile: after 9 middle of the month, furrow face mu spreads fertilizer over the fields and contains N: each compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 10-20 kilogram of 15% of P: K, white lime 15-25 kilogram, shallow hoe.
2. a kind of cultivation method that improves grape quality according to claim 1 is characterized in that: top clipping and the sublateral shoot of erasing take more than 5 days interval in the described top clipping control bud, force out to avoid hibernaculum.
3. a kind of cultivation method that improves grape quality according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the fertilizer of the fertilizer in the described rich water quality management base manure for plant defoliation and animal wastes being obtained by fermentation afterwards become thoroughly decomposed, admix the white lime of the 1-1.5% of the weight of fertilizer of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103461061A (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2013-12-25 | 苏州市相城区锦湖农副产品专业合作社 | Planting method of grape |
| CN103651036A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-03-26 | 张家港市塘桥果艺园 | Red globe grape seedling raising method |
| CN104350852A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-18 | 张家港贸安贸易有限公司 | Fertilization and branch management method for grape planting |
| CN104823797A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2015-08-12 | 娄志 | Planting method of high-yield grape |
| CN106358967A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-02-01 | 铜仁市万山区米贡山高效农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for improving quality of grape |
| CN106472237A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-03-08 | 都安南方水果种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of Fructus Vitis viniferae |
| CN106718625A (en) * | 2016-11-27 | 2017-05-31 | 元谋原生源农业科技有限责任公司 | The cultural method that a kind of grape yields two crops a year |
| CN107251806A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-10-17 | 杨利云 | A kind of currant bearing-age tree rich water processing method |
| CN107556077A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2018-01-09 | 河南心连心化肥有限公司 | A kind of Special grape base fertilizer and top dressing suitable for southwest water-fertilizer integral |
| CN107567939A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-01-12 | 福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所 | A kind of two leaf pinching methods for promoting grape bud differentiation |
| CN108012751A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-11 | 北京市延庆区葡萄及葡萄酒产业促进中心 | A kind of greenhouse controlling delayed cultivation method |
| CN108029438A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-05-15 | 马鞍山市双飞葡萄专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods for eating special grape raw |
| CN108040736A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-05-18 | 马鞍山市双飞葡萄专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods for special grape of making wine |
| CN108157002A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-15 | 吉安市园艺场 | The breeding method of 1 year three batch fruiting of southern Table Grape |
| CN111279969A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-06-16 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Labor-saving and early-yielding pruning method for northern rose grapes suitable for northeast regions |
-
2012
- 2012-12-13 CN CN2012105382003A patent/CN103004418A/en active Pending
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103461061A (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2013-12-25 | 苏州市相城区锦湖农副产品专业合作社 | Planting method of grape |
| CN103651036A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-03-26 | 张家港市塘桥果艺园 | Red globe grape seedling raising method |
| CN104350852A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-18 | 张家港贸安贸易有限公司 | Fertilization and branch management method for grape planting |
| CN104823797A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2015-08-12 | 娄志 | Planting method of high-yield grape |
| CN106358967A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-02-01 | 铜仁市万山区米贡山高效农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for improving quality of grape |
| CN106472237A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-03-08 | 都安南方水果种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of Fructus Vitis viniferae |
| CN106718625A (en) * | 2016-11-27 | 2017-05-31 | 元谋原生源农业科技有限责任公司 | The cultural method that a kind of grape yields two crops a year |
| CN107251806A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-10-17 | 杨利云 | A kind of currant bearing-age tree rich water processing method |
| CN107556077A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2018-01-09 | 河南心连心化肥有限公司 | A kind of Special grape base fertilizer and top dressing suitable for southwest water-fertilizer integral |
| CN107567939A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-01-12 | 福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所 | A kind of two leaf pinching methods for promoting grape bud differentiation |
| CN108012751A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-11 | 北京市延庆区葡萄及葡萄酒产业促进中心 | A kind of greenhouse controlling delayed cultivation method |
| CN108029438A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-05-15 | 马鞍山市双飞葡萄专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods for eating special grape raw |
| CN108040736A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-05-18 | 马鞍山市双飞葡萄专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods for special grape of making wine |
| CN108157002A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-15 | 吉安市园艺场 | The breeding method of 1 year three batch fruiting of southern Table Grape |
| CN111279969A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-06-16 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Labor-saving and early-yielding pruning method for northern rose grapes suitable for northeast regions |
| CN111279969B (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2024-03-01 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Pruning method suitable for labor-saving and early-yielding of northern rose grapes in northeast China |
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Application publication date: 20130403 |