CN114667884A - Cultivation method for reducing generation of dead fruits and large and small fruits in fertile fruit period of mandarin orange - Google Patents
Cultivation method for reducing generation of dead fruits and large and small fruits in fertile fruit period of mandarin orange Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/27—Dispersions, e.g. suspensions or emulsions
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of Wo citrus planting, and particularly discloses a cultivation method for reducing generation of stiff fruits and large and small fruits in the fruit setting period of Wo citrus, which comprises a fruiting flower bud and next-year fruiting mother branch cultivation method and a fertilization improvement method; the fertilizing improvement method comprises spraying flower and flower promoting and leaf strengthening fertilizer and applying root fertilizer, wherein the spraying of the flower and flower promoting and leaf strengthening fertilizer comprises spraying of foliar fertilizer I in a flower bud differentiation period and spraying of foliar fertilizer II in a flower bud period. According to the cultivation method for reducing generation of stiff fruits and big and small fruits in the fertile citrus fruit setting period, by means of measures such as cultivation of fruit mother branches, application of root fertilizer, application of foliar fertilizer in different periods and the like, sufficient nutrients are more reasonably provided for each stage of plants, the root system activity of fertile citrus is improved, the upper and lower nutrition of a tree body is adjusted, the photosynthesis efficiency is improved, and accumulation of nutritional ingredients of the tree body is promoted, so that flower bud differentiation is promoted, the pollen activity is improved, fruit development is facilitated, the stiff fruit rate is reduced, fruit expansion is promoted, big and small fruits are reduced, and the quality and the yield of fertile citrus are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Wo citrus planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for reducing generation of stiff fruits and large and small fruits in a fruit setting period of Wo citrus.
Background
The hybrid oranges have the characteristics of strong tree vigor, strong fruit bearing capacity, less fruit drop in winter, long bearing and harvesting period and the like, have the excellent characteristics of full fruits, beautiful appearance, tender and smooth pulp, sweet and soft mouthfeel and the like, and are suitable for being popularized as the fine varieties of the late-maturing hybrid oranges. The wogonin is a citrus variety with the fastest development speed and the highest benefit in recent years in Guangxi, the situations of stiff fruits and big and small fruits are easy to occur in the cultivation process of the wogonin, the main symptoms of the stiff fruits are that the growth speed of young fruits is slowed down or even stops growing in the fruit expansion period, the fruit peel is stiff, the surface is rough, the pulp pocket is dehydrated and is suberized in the mature period, the fruits are not easy to fall off or rot, the fruits are small and hard, the appearance is poor, and the stiff fruits have no commodity value; the small fruits mainly appear as follows: the fruit is small, the peel and the pulp are almost normal in color, sugar content and taste, and the expansion is slow. The reasons for the stiff fruits and small fruits are: the root system activity is low, the nutrient absorption is weak, and the nutrient accumulation of the tree is insufficient, so that the flower bud differentiation is hindered, the flower and fruit dysplasia is caused, and the nutrient element imbalance fruit expansion is hindered; the vigorous growth of the summer shoots reduces the problems of fruit drop and slow fruit expansion caused by the fact that the summer shoots are taken out to grow and consume nutrients and young fruits compete for nutrients; the hormone is adopted to protect fruits and control tips improperly, and the paclobutrazol and the flumetralin are plant growth regulators, so that the growth of plants is delayed, the plant growth regulators can be used for controlling the tips of summer, but the fruit-stiff fruits are increased due to improper use (spraying medicines with high concentration and high temperature). The stiff fruits have no commodity value, the unit price of the hybrid oranges can be reduced by the small fruits, and the income of fruit growers can be seriously influenced by the hybrid oranges and the small fruits. Therefore, reduction of generation of stiff fruits and large and small fruits in the fertile citrus fruit period has important significance for improving the quality and planting benefits of fertile citrus.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for reducing generation of stiff fruits and big and small fruits in the fertile citrus fruit setting period, aiming at the phenomena of high stiff fruit rate and many small fruits in fertile citrus fruit trees, the stiff fruits and the small fruits of fertile citrus are reduced and the quality of fertile citrus is improved by measures such as fertilization improvement, tip emergence management and the like.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a cultivation method for reducing the generation of dead fruits and large and small fruits in the fertile citrus fruit setting period, which comprises a fruiting flower bud and next-year fruiting mother branch cultivation method and a fertilization improvement method;
the culture method of fruiting flower buds and fruiting mother branches in the next year comprises the following steps: and (3) smearing primary buds: excess flower buds on bearing branches are removed in the spring shoot sprouting period every year to leave bearing flower buds; culturing the primary shoot: according to the size of the base branches, reserving 1-4 strong flower-free spring shoots of each branch as a bearing mother branch of the next year;
the fertilizer improvement method comprises spraying flower promoting and leaf strengthening fertilizer and applying root fertilizer;
the spraying of the flower promoting and strengthening leaf surface fertilizer comprises spraying of a foliar fertilizer I in a flower bud differentiation period and spraying of a foliar fertilizer II in a flower bud period, wherein the foliar fertilizer I comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 95-100 parts of waste honey liquid, 0.8-1.2 parts of choline chloride, 0.5-0.6 part of saccharomycetes, 0.3-0.4 part of ferment bacteria, 0.3-0.5 part of urea, 0.5-0.8 part of amino acid chelated zinc, 0.8-1.5 parts of ferrous glycinate, 0.03-0.05 part of adenosine triphosphate, 1-3 parts of algal polysaccharide and 5-10 parts of glycerol, wherein when the foliar fertilizer I is sprayed, the foliar fertilizer I is diluted by 150-200 times and sprayed for 2-3 times;
the foliar fertilizer II comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of waste honey liquid, 0.5-1 part of choline chloride, 0.4-0.5 part of saccharomycetes, 0.2-0.3 part of ferment bacteria, 8-10 parts of goat horn ash, 0.5-0.8 part of monopotassium phosphate, 1-2 parts of compound amino acid, 0.1-0.2 part of boric acid and 1-3 parts of mannitol, wherein when the foliar fertilizer II is sprayed, the foliar fertilizer II is diluted by 150-200 times and sprayed for 1 time every 7-10 days for 2-3 times;
the root applying fertilizer comprises applying 5-8 kg of root conditioning fertilizer to 50kg of plants per yield in a summer tip period and within 10-20 days after flower withering; the root conditioning fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of waste honey liquid, 20-30 parts of tea bran cakes, 80-100 parts of corn straws, 10-15 parts of fishbone meal, 5-10 parts of sepiolite, 0.2-0.4 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 1-2 parts of potassium humate, 0.05-0.2 part of alginate oligosaccharides and 0.1-0.2 part of dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine.
Preferably, in the cultivation method for reducing generation of stiff fruits and large and small fruits in fruit setting period of the citrus reticulata, the compound amino acid is prepared by the following method: adding 30-40 parts of soybean meal powder, 15-20 parts of wheat flour and 15-20 parts of bone meal into 1000-1500 parts of water to obtain a mixture, and performing ultrasonic cell crushing treatment on the mixture; then adding 0.2-0.4 part of complex enzyme into the mixture, stirring and reacting for 4-5 h at 40-55 ℃, then heating to 80-90 ℃, keeping for 10-20 min, cooling, and spray drying to obtain compound amino acid; the compound enzyme is composed of elastase, transglutaminase and bromelain in a mass ratio of 1: 1-2: 1-3. The compound enzyme acts on sites of different peptide chains to ferment and degrade soybean meal powder, wheat flour and shrimp and crab shell powder to obtain the compound amino acid mainly comprising alanine, glutamic acid, lysine and the like. The compound amino acid not only serves as an organic nutrient component for efficient supplement, but also can promote synthesis of chlorophyll in leaves and improve photosynthesis efficiency.
Preferably, in the cultivation method for reducing stiff fruits and small fruits generated in the fertile fruit setting period of the citrus reticulata, the preparation method of the root conditioning fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, mechanically crushing and mixing corn straws and tea bran cakes, adding waste honey liquid, fishbone powder and sepiolite, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix, wherein the C/N ratio of the premix is adjusted to be 25-35: 1, and the water content is adjusted to be 60-70%;
s2, inoculating fermentation mixed bacteria liquid into the premix, stacking, laminating and fermenting, keeping for 1-2 days when the temperature of a stack body rises to 50-60 ℃, then turning the stack, and turning the stack every 2-3 days until the stack is thoroughly decomposed to obtain a fermented solid-liquid mixture;
s3, extruding and filtering the fermented solid-liquid mixture through a plate frame to obtain a suspension and filter residues, mixing the suspension with compound sodium nitrophenolate, potassium humate, brown algae oligosaccharide and dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine to obtain a first component of the root system conditioning fertilizer, mixing the filter residues with the second component of the root system conditioning fertilizer to obtain a second component of the root system conditioning fertilizer, and combining the first component of the root system conditioning fertilizer and the second component of the root system conditioning fertilizer to obtain the root system conditioning fertilizer.
Preferably, in the cultivation method for reducing generation of stiff fruits and large and small fruits in the fertile fruit setting period of the citrus reticulata, the mixed fermentation bacterial liquid is prepared from actinomycetes, candida utilis, aspergillus niger, bacillus pumilus and bacillus licheniformis according to the proportionAmplifying culture of each strain until the strain concentration reaches 1 × 109-10And (3) after the concentration per gram is obtained, mixing according to the proportion of 1-2: 1-3: 1-2: 1-3, and thus obtaining a fermentation mixed bacterial liquid, wherein the addition amount of the fermentation mixed bacterial liquid is 2-3% of the premix.
Preferably, in the cultivation method for reducing the generation of stiff fruits and big and small fruits in the fertile citrus fruit setting period, the second component of the root conditioning fertilizer is uniformly scattered under the crown of the tree, the fertilizer, weeds and dead branches and fallen leaves are turned over and uniformly mixed in the soil after the fertilizer is applied, the distance from the rotary tillage position to the base part of the tree head is at least 0.5 m, the turning area accounts for 40-50% of the orchard, and the depth is 15-40 cm; and then the first component of the root conditioning fertilizer is applied by water and covered by ground fabric in a whole garden.
Preferably, in the cultivation method for reducing the generation of the dead fruits and the big and small fruits in the fertile fruit period of the citrus reticulata, the fertilization improvement method further comprises the step of spraying the space floride No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the summer tip period and the autumn tip period respectively.
Preferably, in the cultivation method for reducing the generation of the dead fruits and the big and small fruits in the fertile fruit period of the citrus reticulata, the fertilization improvement method further comprises the step of spraying the space flower pesticide No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the first physiological fruit drop period, the summer tip period and the autumn tip period respectively. Spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer, promoting the aging of summer tips and autumn tips, reducing the nutritional ingredient requirements of the summer tips and the autumn tips, strengthening photosynthesis, avoiding the inexperienced autumn tips competing for nutrients with fruits, conducting the photosynthesis nutrients in the leaves to the fruits, supplementing the nutrition of the fruits, preventing fruit drop, realizing nutrition and fruit retention, and avoiding the phenomenon that the fruits are dead due to hormone fruit retention.
Preferably, the cultivation method for reducing stiff fruits and large and small fruits in fertile citrus fruit setting period further comprises a pruning method, wherein the pruning method comprises the following steps: uniformly pruning once every 12 months to 3 months last year, pruning the big branches with standard tree shapes and reinforced ventilation and light transmission inside the crowns mainly, keeping the tree height at 2-2.5 m and 3-5 main branches in different directions, keeping the fruit mother branch tips mainly, pruning partial shading inner bore branches, weak branches, insect-disease branches and overgrown branches, and properly pruning or shortening summer tips, autumn tips and winter tips extracted from the fruit mother branches according to the size and height of the crowns.
Preferably, the cultivation method for reducing stiff fruits and large and small fruits in fertile citrus fruit setting period further comprises a fruit thinning method, wherein the fruit thinning method comprises the following steps: thinning fruits once in the last 8 th to last 9 th months according to the ratio of (20-25) to 1, and thinning the sick fruits, the malformed fruits, the dense and weak fruits and the sunscald fruits.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the cultivation method for reducing generation of stiff fruits and big and small fruits in the fertile citrus fruit setting period, by means of measures such as cultivation of fruit mother branches, application of root fertilizer, application of foliar fertilizer in different periods and the like, sufficient nutrients are more reasonably provided for each stage of plants, the root system activity of fertile citrus is improved, the upper and lower nutrition of a tree body is adjusted, the photosynthesis efficiency is improved, the accumulation of nutritional ingredients of the tree body is improved, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, the pollen activity is improved, the fruit development is facilitated, the stiff fruit rate is reduced, the fruit expansion is promoted, the big and small fruits are reduced, and the quality and the yield of fertile citrus are improved.
2. According to the cultivation method for reducing generation of stiff fruits and big and small fruits in the fertile fruit period of the Or, the flower bud differentiation foliar fertilizer I is optimized on the basis of the existing Yuhualing foliar fertilizer, amino acid chelated zinc, ferrous glycinate, adenosine triphosphate and algal polysaccharide are added, the distribution ratio of all components is adjusted at the same time, nutritional ingredients are supplemented, the carbon-nitrogen ratio in a plant body and carbohydrate accumulation can be adjusted, endogenous hormones such as ethylene and the like and protein formation of the plant are adjusted, and exogenous hormones are avoided being used, so that the plant is promoted to change from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and flower bud differentiation to form flowers is facilitated; the foliar fertilizer II has the effects of enhancing pollen activity, improving pollination effect, increasing chlorophyll synthesis, enhancing leaf surface photosynthesis efficiency and ensuring organic nutrition accumulation of trees, thereby improving fruit setting rate and promoting growth of flowers and fruits.
3. The cultivation method for reducing the generation of the stiff fruits and the big and small fruits in the fertile citrus fruit setting period of the invention is characterized in that root conditioning fertilizer is applied in the summer tip period, the waste honey liquid, the corn stalks, the tea bran cakes and the fishbone powder in the root conditioning fertilizer are fermented by mixed fermentation bacteria to obtain suspension, contains a large amount of physiological effect substances with growth activity such as enzymes, amino acids, vitamins, fulvic acid and the like, and trace element nutrients, and is matched with the components such as compound sodium nitrophenolate, potassium humate and the like to be used as a first component of the root system conditioning fertilizer, the fertilizer can effectively act on roots, so that the activity of the roots is improved, the growth of new roots is promoted, the roots are stronger, the absorption performance of the roots can be improved by the dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine, the permeability of nutrient substances to the roots is increased, the root promoting effect is improved, the absorption of the roots to the nutrient substances is facilitated, and the regulation and control effect of the roots can be enhanced; the filter residue is used as a second component of the root system conditioning fertilizer, wherein sepiolite, corn straw residue and the like can improve the soil hardening structure and improve the porosity of the soil, and meanwhile, the fertilizer contains rich microbial colonies, active factors for resisting plant pathogenic bacteria and organic active ingredients, can improve the beneficial microbial flora of the soil, and further improves the activity of the root system.
4. According to the cultivation method for reducing the generation of the stiff fruits and the big and small fruits in the fertile citrus fruit setting period, the flower and leaf promoting and strengthening fertilizer is sprayed to improve the fruiting amount, and the summer shoots are reduced due to the large fruiting amount, so that the fruit shoots are pressed; by conditioning root systems and activating the regulation and control function of root systems, cytokinins generated by root tip tissues can be conveyed upwards through xylem catheters, the vegetative growth and the top end advantage of overground parts are regulated and controlled, the emergence of summer shoots is inhibited, leaf fertilizers are sprayed in the summer shoot period and the autumn shoot period, the summer shoots and the autumn shoots are aged, the requirement of nutritional ingredients of the autumn shoots is reduced, the situation that the uneverged autumn shoots compete for nutrients with fruits is avoided, the coexistence of the fruit shoots is realized, the photosynthesis nutrients in the leaves are transmitted to the fruits, the fruit nutrition is supplemented, the fruit dropping is prevented, and the nutritional fruit preservation is realized; can reduce the times of pruning the branch tips and avoid the stiff fruit caused by chemical tip control and hormone fruit retention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A cultivation method for reducing generation of stiff fruits and large and small fruits in fruit setting period of Or comprises the following steps:
(1) the culture method of fruiting flower buds and fruiting mother branches in the next year comprises the following steps:
the method for reserving fruiting flower buds and the next year for bearing mother branches comprises the following steps: and (3) smearing primary buds: the shoots are wiped off once in the spring shoot sprouting period every year, and excessive flower buds are wiped off to leave fruiting flower buds; culturing the primary shoot: according to the size of the base branch, 1-3 small branches are reserved, 2-4 robust spring shoots in different directions are reserved for each thick branch, and the rest are removed, so that nutrition is supplied to reserved flower buds and reserved flower-free spring shoots in a centralized manner;
(2) the fertilization improvement method comprises the following steps:
2.1) spraying a flower promoting and leaf strengthening fertilizer: spraying foliar fertilizer I in the flower bud differentiation period (from the middle of 11 months to the last of 12 months), promoting the tree body to change from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and being beneficial to the flower bud differentiation to form flowers; the foliar fertilizer I comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 95 parts of waste honey liquid, 1.0 part of choline chloride, 0.5 part of saccharomycetes, 0.3 part of ferment bacteria, 0.4 part of urea, 0.7 part of amino acid chelated zinc, 1.2 parts of ferrous glycinate, 0.04 part of adenosine triphosphate, 2 parts of algal polysaccharide and 8 parts of glycerol, and when the foliar fertilizer I is sprayed, the foliar fertilizer I is diluted by 200 times and continuously sprayed twice with an interval of 10-15 days;
spraying a foliar fertilizer II in the bud period (last ten days of 2-3 months), improving pollen activity, improving pollination effect, increasing chlorophyll synthesis, enhancing foliar photosynthesis efficiency, ensuring organic nutrition accumulation of trees, being beneficial to improving fruit setting rate and young fruit development, wherein the foliar fertilizer II comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85 parts of waste honey liquid, 0.8 part of choline chloride, 0.4 part of microzyme, 0.3 part of ferment bacteria, 9 parts of goat horn ash, 0.6 part of monopotassium phosphate, 1.5 parts of compound amino acid, 0.2 part of boric acid and 3 parts of mannitol, and when the foliar fertilizer II is sprayed, the foliar fertilizer II is diluted by 200 times and sprayed for 1 time every 10 days for 2 times;
the compound amino acid is prepared by the following method: adding 35 parts of soybean meal powder, 18 parts of wheat flour and 20 parts of grain flour into 1000 parts of water to obtain a mixture, and performing ultrasonic cell crushing treatment on the mixture; then adding 0.3 part of complex enzyme into the mixture, stirring and reacting for 4 hours at 50 ℃, then heating to 85 ℃, keeping for 20min, cooling, and spray drying to obtain compound amino acid; the compound enzyme consists of elastase, transglutaminase and bromelain in a mass ratio of 1:1.5: 2;
2.2) applying a root conditioning fertilizer within 10-20 days after flower withering in the summer tip period, wherein 8 kg of the root conditioning fertilizer is applied to each 50kg of plants produced; the root conditioning fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of waste honey liquid, 28 parts of tea bran cakes, 90 parts of corn straws, 12 parts of fishbone meal, 8 parts of sepiolite, 0.3 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 1.5 parts of potassium humate, 0.1 part of alginate oligosaccharides and 0.15 part of dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine;
the preparation method of the root conditioning fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, mechanically crushing and mixing corn straws and tea bran cakes, adding waste honey liquid, fishbone powder and sepiolite, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix, wherein C/N of the premix is adjusted to be 30:1, and the water content is 70%;
s2, inoculating a fermentation mixed bacterial liquid in the premix, wherein the fermentation mixed bacterial liquid is obtained by carrying out amplification culture on actinomycetes, candida utilis, aspergillus niger, bacillus pumilus and bacillus licheniformis according to the growth characteristics of various strains, and when the concentration of the strains respectively reaches 1 × 1010After the concentration per gram is reached, mixing according to the proportion of 1:2:2:1:2 to obtain a fermentation mixed bacterial liquid, wherein the addition amount of the fermentation mixed bacterial liquid is 2.5 percent of the premix; stacking and laminating fermentation are carried out, when the temperature of a stack body rises to 50-60 ℃, the stack body is kept for 1-2 days, then pile turning is carried out, pile turning is carried out every 2-3 days until the stack is thoroughly decomposed, and a fermented solid-liquid mixture is obtained;
s3, extruding and filtering the fermented solid-liquid mixture through a plate frame to obtain a suspension and filter residues, mixing the suspension with compound sodium nitrophenolate, potassium humate, brown algae oligosaccharide and dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine to obtain a first component of the root system conditioning fertilizer, and mixing the filter residues with the first component of the root system conditioning fertilizer and the second component of the root system conditioning fertilizer to obtain the root system conditioning fertilizer so as to finish the preparation of the root system conditioning fertilizer;
uniformly spreading the second component of the root conditioning fertilizer under the crown of the tree, and after fertilizing, turning over the fertilizer, weeds and dry branches and fallen leaves and uniformly mixing the fertilizer, the weeds and the dry branches and fallen leaves in the soil, wherein the rotary tillage position is at least 0.5 m away from the base of the tree head, the turning-over area accounts for 40-50% of the orchard, and the depth is 25-30 cm; then the first component of the root conditioning fertilizer is applied by water and covered by ground fabric in a whole garden;
2.3) spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the first physiological fruit drop period (middle and last ten days of 4 months), spraying twice at intervals of 7-10 days, supplementing nutrition to leaves in time, reducing the phenomenon of flower and fruit drop caused by malnutrition of trees due to large amount of flowering and nutrition consumption, improving the fruit setting rate and achieving the purpose of fruit tip pressing; the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 94 parts of waste honey liquid, 3 parts of amino acid, 0.8 part of choline chloride, 0.4 part of microzyme, 0.2 part of ferment bacteria, 0.8 part of urea, 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.2 part of boric acid, 0.05 part of ammonium molybdate, 6 parts of goat horn ash and 10 parts of glycerol;
2.4) spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the summer tip period specifically comprises the following steps: spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer for 2 times in the last 7-7 months, with an interval of 10-15 days; root conditioning can regulate and control summer tip sprouting, and spraying of a foliar fertilizer can promote sprouting and summer tip aging, reduce nutritional requirements of the summer tips, conduct photosynthesis nutrients in leaves to fruits, supplement fruit nutrition, reduce secondary physiological fruit drop and realize nutrition and fruit retention;
2.5) spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the autumn tip period specifically comprises the following steps: spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer for 2 times in the middle ten days to the last 9 months of 8 months, and spacing 10-15 days;
(3) the pruning method comprises the following steps: uniformly pruning once every 12 months to 3 months last year, pruning the big branches with standard tree shapes and reinforced ventilation and light transmission inside the crowns as the main branch, keeping the height of the tree body at 2-2.5 m and 3-5 main branches in different directions, keeping the parent branch tips of the fruits as the main branch, pruning partial shading inner bore branches, weak branches, insect-plagued branches and bare-grown branches, and properly pruning or shortening summer tips, autumn tips and winter tips extracted from the parent branches of the fruits according to the size and height of the crowns;
(4) the fruit thinning method comprises the following steps: thinning fruits once in the last 8 th to last 9 th months, and sequentially thinning the sick fruits, the malformed fruits, the dense and weak fruits and the sunscald fruits according to the ratio of the leaf fruits to the fruits of 1 (20-25).
Example 2
A cultivation method for reducing generation of stiff fruits and large and small fruits in fruit setting period of Or is different from example 1 in that: and the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is adopted to replace the foliar fertilizer I and the foliar fertilizer II.
Example 3
A cultivation method for reducing generation of stiff fruits and large and small fruits in fruit setting period of Or is different from example 1 in that: the preparation method of the root conditioning fertilizer comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the root conditioning fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, mechanically crushing and mixing corn straws and tea bran cakes, adding waste honey liquid, fishbone powder and sepiolite, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix, wherein the C/N ratio of the premix is adjusted to be 25-35: 1, and the water content is adjusted to be 60-70%;
s2, inoculating fermentation mixed bacteria liquid into the premix, stacking, laminating and fermenting, keeping for 1-2 days when the temperature of a stack body rises to 50-60 ℃, then turning the stack, and turning the stack every 2-3 days until the stack is thoroughly decomposed to obtain a fermented solid-liquid mixture, namely the root system conditioning fertilizer;
spreading root conditioning fertilizer under the crown of the tree, turning over the fertilizer, weeds and dry branches and fallen leaves after fertilizing, uniformly mixing the fertilizer, the weeds and the dry branches and fallen leaves in soil, wherein the rotary tillage position is at least 0.5 m away from the base of the tree head, the turning area accounts for 40-50% of the orchard, the depth is 25-30 cm, and then covering the orchard with ground cloth.
The rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: in the comparative example, the root conditioning fertilizer is not added with dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine, and the rest is the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: (2) the fertilization method is different: the root fertilizer application time and the corresponding root fertilizer components are as follows: before and after winter solstice, digging fertilizing ditches at the water dripping line of the plant crown, wherein the depth of the ditches is 25-30 cm, the fertilizing amount is calculated by 50kg of produced fruits, 10kg of decomposed farmyard organic fertilizer is applied, and 0.5kg of compound fertilizer is applied, wherein the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.4: 1; and applying 30kg of cake fertilizer, manure and water fertilizer to each plant from the middle and the last ten days of February to the last 3 months, and performing flushing application by matching with 0.5kg of balanced compound fertilizer; respectively spraying 0.1% Sule boron in the bud period (last ten days of 2-3 months), the first physiological fruit drop period (middle and last ten days of 4 months) and the early summer period, applying 3kg of cake fertilizer, 15kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 0.5kg of urea and 2kg of compound fertilizer to each plant, ditching along the water dropping line of the crown, applying and covering; the others are the same as the embodiment.
Taking a Wo citrus planting land (the incidence rate of stiff fruits is 15-30%) which enters a rich fruit period in 4 years and is planted in a certain production area for experiment, wherein the water content, the fertility, the pH value and the terrain of soil in the experimental land are the same, the planting age and the tree vigor are similar, and the soil is randomly divided into 6 groups: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out cultivation management on groups 1-3, groups 1-2 and a control group according to the cultivation methods of the corresponding groups 1-3 and 1-2 respectively, wherein the control group carries out cultivation management according to a conventional management method of a common Wo citrus fruiting tree, and each group has 0.5 mu and 50 plants per mu. The fruiting rate, per mu yield, average single fruit weight, average single fruit diameter and incidence of stiff fruit in the second year after treatment were determined. The results are shown in Table 1.
As can be seen from Table 1, the yield per mu, the average weight of the single fruit and the average diameter of the single fruit of the example group are all obviously superior to those of the comparative example group and the control group, the incidence rate of the stiff fruit is obviously reduced, and the peel of the citrus reticulata of the example group is smooth, bright in color and free of speckles, and the quality of the citrus reticulata of the example group is superior to that of the comparative example group and the control group. The results show that the cultivation method provided by the invention can improve the fruiting rate, promote fruit expansion, reduce the rate of stiff fruits, reduce large and small fruits and improve the quality and yield of fertile oranges by taking measures of applying a root system conditioning fertilizer for once to condition the root system, spraying flower bud differentiation foliar fertilizer and flower bud fertilizer and the like.
TABLE 1 results for various groups of Or
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A cultivation method for reducing the generation of stiff fruits and big and small fruits in the fertile citrus fruit setting period is characterized by comprising a fruiting flower bud and next-year fruiting mother branch cultivation method and a fertilization improvement method;
the culture method of fruiting flower buds and fruiting mother branches in the next year comprises the following steps: and (3) smearing primary buds: excess flower buds on bearing branches are removed in the spring shoot sprouting period every year to leave bearing flower buds; culturing the primary shoot: according to the size of the base branches, reserving 1-4 strong flower-free spring shoots of each branch as a bearing mother branch of the next year;
the fertilizer improvement method comprises spraying flower promoting and leaf strengthening fertilizer and applying root fertilizer;
the spraying of the flower promoting and strengthening leaf surface fertilizer comprises spraying of a foliar fertilizer I in a flower bud differentiation period and spraying of a foliar fertilizer II in a flower bud period, wherein the foliar fertilizer I comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 95-100 parts of waste honey liquid, 0.8-1.2 parts of choline chloride, 0.5-0.6 part of saccharomycetes, 0.3-0.4 part of ferment bacteria, 0.3-0.5 part of urea, 0.5-0.8 part of amino acid chelated zinc, 0.8-1.5 parts of ferrous glycinate, 0.03-0.05 part of adenosine triphosphate, 1-3 parts of algal polysaccharide and 5-10 parts of glycerol, wherein when the foliar fertilizer I is sprayed, the foliar fertilizer I is diluted by 150-200 times and sprayed for 2-3 times;
the foliar fertilizer II comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of waste honey liquid, 0.5-1 part of choline chloride, 0.4-0.5 part of saccharomycetes, 0.2-0.3 part of ferment bacteria, 8-10 parts of goat horn ash, 0.5-0.8 part of monopotassium phosphate, 1-2 parts of compound amino acid, 0.1-0.2 part of boric acid and 1-3 parts of mannitol, wherein when the foliar fertilizer II is sprayed, the foliar fertilizer II is diluted by 150-200 times and sprayed for 1 time every 7-10 days for 2-3 times;
the root applying fertilizer comprises applying 5-8 kg of root conditioning fertilizer to 50kg of plants per yield in a summer tip period and within 10-20 days after flower withering; the root conditioning fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of waste honey liquid, 20-30 parts of tea bran cakes, 80-100 parts of corn straws, 10-15 parts of fishbone meal, 5-10 parts of sepiolite, 0.2-0.4 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 1-2 parts of potassium humate, 0.05-0.2 part of alginate oligosaccharides and 0.1-0.2 part of dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine.
2. The cultivation method for reducing fruit set period of mandarin oranges of claim 1, wherein the complex amino acid is prepared by the following steps: adding 30-40 parts of soybean meal powder, 15-20 parts of wheat flour and 15-20 parts of bone meal into 1000-1500 parts of water to obtain a mixture, and performing ultrasonic cell crushing treatment on the mixture; then adding 0.2-0.4 part of complex enzyme into the mixture, stirring and reacting for 4-5 h at 40-55 ℃, then heating to 80-90 ℃, keeping for 10-20 min, cooling, and spray drying to obtain compound amino acid; the compound enzyme is composed of elastase, transglutaminase and bromelain in a mass ratio of 1: 1-2: 1-3.
3. The cultivation method for reducing stiff fruits and small fruits during fertile citrus fruit setting period according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the root conditioning fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, mechanically crushing and mixing corn straws and tea bran cakes, adding waste honey liquid, fishbone powder and sepiolite, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix, wherein the C/N ratio of the premix is adjusted to be 25-35: 1, and the water content is adjusted to be 60-70%;
s2, inoculating fermentation mixed bacteria liquid into the premix, stacking, laminating and fermenting, keeping for 1-2 days when the temperature of a stack body rises to 50-60 ℃, then turning the stack, and turning the stack every 2-3 days until the stack is thoroughly decomposed to obtain a fermented solid-liquid mixture;
s3, extruding and filtering the fermented solid-liquid mixture through a plate frame to obtain a suspension and filter residues, mixing the suspension with compound sodium nitrophenolate, potassium humate, brown algae oligosaccharide and dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine to obtain a first component of the root system conditioning fertilizer, mixing the filter residues with the second component of the root system conditioning fertilizer to obtain a second component of the root system conditioning fertilizer, and combining the first component of the root system conditioning fertilizer and the second component of the root system conditioning fertilizer to obtain the root system conditioning fertilizer.
4. The cultivation method for reducing fertile fruit and big fruit bearing period of mandarin orange as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mixed fermentation broth is prepared by culturing actinomycetes, candida utilis, aspergillus niger, bacillus pumilus and bacillus licheniformis in an amplification way according to growth characteristics of each strain until the strain concentration reaches 1 x 109-10After the concentration per gram is obtained, mixing the materials according to the proportion of 1-2: 1-3: 1-2: 1-3 to obtain a fermentation mixed bacterial liquid, wherein the addition amount of the fermentation mixed bacterial liquid is2-3% of the premix.
5. The cultivation method for reducing stiff fruits and small fruits during fertile citrus fruit setting period according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the second component of the root conditioning fertilizer is uniformly scattered under the crown of the citrus tree, the fertilizer, weeds and dead branches and fallen leaves are turned over and uniformly mixed in the soil after the fertilizer is applied, the rotary tillage position is at least 0.5 m away from the base of the head of the citrus tree, the area of the turning over is 40-50% of the orchard, and the depth is 15-40 cm; and then, the first component of the root conditioning fertilizer is applied by water and covered by ground fabric in a whole garden.
6. The cultivation method for reducing the yield of stiff fruits and big and small fruits in the fertile fruit setting period of the citrus reticulata blanco according to claim 1, wherein the fertilization improvement method further comprises the step of spraying a No. 2 foliar fertilizer for Yuhualing in the first physiological fruit drop period, the summer tip period and the autumn tip period respectively.
7. The cultivation method for reducing fertile fruit and small fruit production during fertile fruit set period of claim 1, further comprising a pruning method, wherein the pruning method comprises: uniformly pruning once every 12 months to 3 months last year, pruning the big branches with standard tree shapes and reinforced ventilation and light transmission inside the crowns mainly, keeping the tree height at 2-2.5 m and 3-5 main branches in different directions, keeping the fruit mother branch tips mainly, pruning partial shading inner bore branches, weak branches, insect-disease branches and overgrown branches, and properly pruning or shortening summer tips, autumn tips and winter tips extracted from the fruit mother branches according to the size and height of the crowns.
8. The cultivation method for reducing fertile fruit set period of mandarin orange of claim 1, further comprising a thinning method, wherein the thinning method comprises: according to the ratio of (20-25) to 1, thinning fruits once in the last 8 th-9 th month, and thinning diseased fruits, malformed fruits, dense and weak fruits and sunscald fruits.
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