CN112205230A - Support-free and sun burn-resistant cultivation method for citrus spring shoot fruiting - Google Patents
Support-free and sun burn-resistant cultivation method for citrus spring shoot fruiting Download PDFInfo
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- CN112205230A CN112205230A CN202010983179.2A CN202010983179A CN112205230A CN 112205230 A CN112205230 A CN 112205230A CN 202010983179 A CN202010983179 A CN 202010983179A CN 112205230 A CN112205230 A CN 112205230A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
- C05C5/04—Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing calcium nitrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a support-free and sunburn-resistant cultivation method for citrus spring shoot fruiting, which comprises the steps of cultivating spring shoots as fruiting branches every year and fruiting mother branches next year; in the summer tip period, the root fertilizer with the top end advantage regulation and control is applied within 10-20 days after the flowers are withered every year; spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the spring tip period to promote flowers, strengthen flowers and reduce the nutritional growth requirements of the spring tip; spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the summer tip period to supplement the nutrition of the tree body and reduce the nutritional growth requirement of the summer tip; spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in autumn and winter shoots to promote the differentiation of flower buds in the next year and reduce the nutritional growth requirements of the autumn shoots and the winter shoots; the pruning method comprises the following steps: useless shoots of the growing spring shoots, summer shoots, autumn shoots and winter shoots were trimmed. The invention can improve the functions of nutrition absorption and hormone regulation of the citrus root system, regulate and control the apical dominance, realize fruiting and boring and reduce the probability of sunscald.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of citrus cultivation. More particularly, the invention relates to a support-free and sunburning-resistant cultivation method for spring shoot fruiting of citrus.
Background
Plants of the genus Citrus, genus Rutaceae, include WUJU, SUGAJU, etc. The citrus has the advantages of high nutritive value, rich varieties and wide taste which are popular with the public, is favored by fruit growers, and has the characteristics of high return speed and high economic benefit, so that the planting area of the citrus is continuously enlarged. However, after citrus is cultivated for many years, due to lack of effective soil management and nutrient management, the situations of insufficient organic nutrition of a tree body, declining tree vigor and reduced resistance of the citrus after being picked often occur, on one hand, vigorous growth, closed tree body and extended fruiting can occur, and meanwhile, a fruiting mother branch is weak due to lack of nutrition and is difficult to bear the weight of fruits, and manual frame building support is needed; on the other hand, due to the extension of the fruit, the resistance of the plants is reduced, so that various diseases are frequent and difficult to control, and the sunscald which directly influences the quality of the fruits is included.
Citrus is a fertile crop, and long-term improper fertilization can cause a series of problems of single soil flora, malignant fermentation of anaerobic bacteria, soil acidification, hardening and the like, directly influences the functions of nutrient absorption and hormone regulation of citrus root systems, not only can cause insufficient accumulation of tree nutrition and result in vigorous growth of nutrition, but also weakens the interaction of new root systems and microorganisms, can not perform hormone regulation on the top advantages of overground parts, causes bare branches, upright branches and explosive branches in two aspects, causes the tree body to be closed, generates a large amount of shading branches and tips to block sunlight projection, causes difficulty in flower formation and fruit setting in the inner chamber, and has the advantages of epitaxial result, increased risk of exposure to strong sunlight and increased sunburn probability.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a support-free and sunburn-resistant cultivation method for spring shoot fruiting of citrus, which can improve the functions of nutrient absorption and hormone regulation of citrus root system, regulate apical dominance, achieve fruiting bore and reduce sunburn probability.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a method for the supportless sunburning resistance of spring shoot fruiting of citrus comprising:
the method for reserving fruiting flower buds and the next year for bearing mother branches comprises the following steps: culturing spring shoots every year to serve as current bearing mother branches and next bearing mother branches, and removing excessive flower buds on bearing branches in the spring shoot emergence period every year to leave bearing flower buds; after the spring shoots are put, reserving a plurality of flower-free spring shoots and culturing the flower-free spring shoots into mother branches bearing fruits in the next year;
the fertilizing method comprises the steps of applying root fertilizer and spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer: the root application fertilizer comprises the following components: in the summer tip period, the root fertilizer with the top end advantage regulation and control is applied within 10-20 days after the flowers are withered every year; the spraying of Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is as follows: spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the spring tip period to promote flowers, strengthen flowers and reduce the nutritional growth requirements of the spring tip; spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the summer tip period to supplement the nutrition of the tree body and reduce the nutritional growth requirement of the summer tip; spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in autumn and winter shoots to promote the differentiation of flower buds in the next year and reduce the nutritional growth requirements of the autumn shoots and the winter shoots; wherein, the fertilizing amount of the root fertilizer with the top end advantage is regulated and controlled by the yield of the fertilizer: applying 1.0-3.5 kg of root system repairing agent, 1.0-2.5 kg of peanut cake, 0.8-1.0 kg of potassium sulfate, 0.1-0.2 kg of lime powder, 0.01-0.15 kg of yeast extract, 0.1-0.8 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5-1.0 kg of hydroxyapatite, 0.5-0.8 kg of bone meal and 1.0-2.5 kg of mixed solution of cytokinin-producing bacteria to each 50-70 kg of plant;
the pruning method comprises the following steps: useless shoots of the growing spring shoots, summer shoots, autumn shoots and winter shoots were trimmed.
Preferably, the thinning basis for retaining the plurality of flowering spring shoots is that 1 to 3 small shoots are retained, 1 to 4 strong shoots are not retained, and the rest are removed according to the size of the base shoot, so that the nutrients are supplied to the retained flower buds and the retained flowering spring shoots in a concentrated manner.
Preferably, the mixed solution of the cytokinin-producing bacteria is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
s1, taking 10-30 parts of waste honey liquid, 5-15 parts of peanut bran, 1-2 parts of corn steep liquor, 0.5-1 part of yeast extract, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 0.05-0.08 part of ammonium sulfate, 0.05-0.1 part of manganese sulfate, 0.4-1.2 parts of calcium sulfate, 0.05-0.15 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 50-75 parts of distilled water, uniformly mixing, carrying out moist heat sterilization at the high temperature of 120 ℃ for 30-120 minutes, and standing to normal temperature to obtain a seed culture solution;
s2, uniformly mixing 30-35 parts of bacillus subtilis, 15-27 parts of bacillus megaterium and 35-55 parts of streptomyces jingyangensis, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed bacteria to the seed culture solution is 1: inoculating 50-75 of the strain into a seed culture solution, mixing, ventilating and fermenting at 120r/min and 30 ℃ for 48-72 hours to obtain 1-level zymophyte liquid seeds;
s3, mixing 32-45 parts of soybean meal, 20-25 parts of wheat bran, 50-75 parts of mushroom dregs, 12-28 parts of waste honey liquid, 0.5-0.8 part of yeast extract and 0.05-0.08 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to prepare a submerged fermentation solid culture medium;
s4, mixing the 1-level zymophyte liquid seeds with the submerged fermentation solid culture medium according to the mass ratio of 1: 5-10 inoculating into a submerged fermentation solid culture medium, keeping the water content at 50-65%, naturally composting and fermenting for 7-15 days, and drying to obtain a fermentation product of the cytokinin-producing strain;
s5, taking a cytokinin-producing strain fermented product and purified water before use according to the mass ratio of 1: 50-100 to obtain the mixed solution of the cytokinin-producing bacteria.
Preferably, the method for applying the root fertilizer comprises the steps of uniformly spreading the root fertilizer under the tree crown, turning over the fertilizer, weeds and dry branches and fallen leaves after applying the fertilizer, cutting off partial root systems of the oranges, uniformly mixing the partial root systems in the soil, enabling the rotary tillage positions to be at least 0.1-0.8 m away from the base of the tree head, enabling the turning-over areas to account for 20-50% of an orchard, enabling the turning-over areas to be 25-40 cm deep, and covering the whole orchard with ground cloth.
Preferably, the root system repairing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 89 parts of waste honey liquid, 8 parts of goat horn ash, 0.4 part of microzyme and 0.2 part of ferment bacteria, wherein the goat horn ash is powder prepared by soaking, drying, burning and crushing waste goat horns; the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 94 parts of waste honey liquid, 3 parts of amino acid, 0.8 part of choline chloride, 0.4 part of microzyme, 0.2 part of ferment bacteria, 0.8 part of urea, 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.2 part of boric acid, 0.05 part of ammonium molybdate, 6 parts of goat horn ash and 10 parts of glycerol, wherein when the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is sprayed, the dilution is 180 times and 200 times.
Preferably, the spraying of the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the spring tip stage comprises spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the spring tip stage during the emergence of flower buds and before the smearing of the flower buds, and spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the first and second physiological fruit drop stages;
the spraying of the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer during the sprouting of the flower buds in the spring shoot period and before the flower buds are smeared specifically comprises the following steps: under the condition of little or no flowers, spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer mixed liquor of Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer and ethephon when the spring tip grows for 1-3 cm, wherein the concentration of ethephon in the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer mixed liquor is lower than 200ppm, and spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer 5-7 days after spraying;
the spraying of the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the first and second physiological fruit drop periods specifically comprises the following steps: under the condition of large flower quantity, the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is sprayed once when young leaves of spring shoots are unfolded; under the condition of insufficient flower quantity, spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer once when spring shoots grow by 1-3 cm;
the spraying of Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the summer tip period specifically comprises the following steps: when the withered flowers reach 80-85%, spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer once, if the nutrition of the tree body is insufficient, the summer shoots are taken out too early, and spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer once when the summer shoots appear white;
the spraying of the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the autumn tip and winter tip periods specifically comprises the following steps: continuously spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer twice in the late autumn and early winter, and spraying the foliar fertilizer every 7 to 10 days for the second time; if the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer mixed solution added with the paclobutrazol is sprayed once under the condition of high temperature in winter, excessive rainwater or vigorous tree vigor, the concentration of the paclobutrazol in the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer mixed solution is 500ppm, and the bud differentiation of the next year is promoted.
Preferably, the fertilizing method also comprises that foliar fertilizer for inducing plants to generate system resistance is sprayed every 10 days or once when No. 2 foliar fertilizer of Yuhualing or pesticide is sprayed in autumn drought and high-incidence season of sunscald for 7-8 months every year;
the foliar fertilizer for inducing the plants to generate the systemic resistance comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.4-0.6 part of yeast, 0.2-1.0 part of high-sugar yeast, 0.1-0.3 part of yeast extract, 0.8-1.2 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of calcium nitrate, 5-15 parts of chitin, 0.1-0.5 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 2-5 parts of trichoderma harzianum liquid, 10-15 parts of garlic extract, 5-15 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis extract, 5-15 parts of compound amino acid and 50-80 parts of waste honey liquid.
Preferably, the pruning method aims at not drawing new shoots after pruning, avoiding direct irradiation of strong light for fruits, and caring for bore branches and absorbing sunlight; the time selection of the pruning method is based on that trees with more fruits or relatively weak trees or trees planted in dry land are suitable for early pruning, trees with less fruits and planted in vigorous growing trees or paddy fields are suitable for late pruning; the pruning method has the following pruning standards for the branch tips: the bearing mother branch is kept as the main branch, the rest insect-infected branches, weak branches, residual branches after bearing fruits and dense branches are all cut off, the tree body is ventilated and light-transmitting, and summer, autumn and winter branches extracted from the bearing mother branches are properly cut off or cut short according to the size and height of the crown.
Preferably, the pruning method further comprises a quantified shoot, and the quantified shoot is characterized in that: setting a tree with the yield of 30-40 kg for the fruit tree, and reserving 30-50 branches of fruiting mother branches; setting a tree with the yield of 40-60 kg for the fruit tree, and reserving 50-80 branches of fruiting mother branches; the fruit tree is set to have the yield of 60-110 kg, and the number of mother branches for bearing fruits is 70-100.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
firstly, hydroxyapatite and bone meal in the root fertilizer of the invention construct a soil void structure and a beneficial microorganism breeding and enriching place, construct conditions for rapid breeding and stable survival of root-applied beneficial microorganisms, meanwhile, the fermentation environment of anaerobic bacteria is improved, harmful bacteria are prevented from being propagated and metabolized continuously to generate acidic substances, indole components are generated by the microbial interaction of the mixed solution of the cytokinin-producing bacteria, plays a good role in promoting the germination and growth of the new born root system, a large amount of new born root system tissues can not only improve the nutrient absorption efficiency of the root system, meanwhile, cytokinin generated by root tip body-dividing tissues can be conveyed upwards through the xylem catheter to regulate and control vegetative growth and apical dominance of overground parts, the method has the advantages of ensuring that the summer shoots are little or not taken out, promoting the nutrition assimilated by the trees to be transmitted to reproductive organs such as fruits and the like, preventing and treating flower and fruit dropping and ensuring the yield. Root fertilizer regulates and controls vegetative growth and the top advantage of overground part, reduces treetop and grows on foot, helps the organic nutrition accumulation of tree body, reduces the sprouting of autumn tip, and the nutrition is concentrated on the spring tip of ration cultivation, has also built inside penetrating tree structure simultaneously, and the result is turned to the inner chamber result by the epitaxy, has reduced the chance and the time that the sun directly shines to reduce the incidence of sun burn disease.
And secondly, after bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and streptomyces jingyangensis of the cytokinin-producing bacteria mixed solution are fermented and cultured and fertilized for rhizosphere planting, root system endophytic bacteria can be formed, and the endophytic bacteria can be metabolized to produce active compounds such as zeatin and indole hormones under the condition of root system planting, so that the root system can be synergistically promoted to play the role of vegetative growth and top end advantage regulation on the overground part.
Thirdly, the invention induces the explosive root tip to grow through the fertilization mode and the root fertilizer effect of the orange root system which is cut off by turning over after fertilization, the cytokinin produced by the root tip body-dividing tissue is increased, and the application amount of the mixed liquid of the cytokinin producing bacteria can be reduced.
The leaf fertilizer with patent number ZL 201510439697.7 and trace elements added, Yuhualing No. 2, is applied, tree-shaped canopy closure caused by vigorous nutritional growth of summer shoots, autumn shoots and winter shoots is further reduced, fruiting insides are facilitated, the chance and time of direct sunlight are reduced, the incidence rate of sunscald diseases is reduced, and physiological fruit drop caused by nutritional growth is also reduced.
And fifthly, in the season of drought and high occurrence of sunscald diseases in 7-8 months per year, the foliar fertilizer for inducing the plants to generate system resistance is sprayed once, so that the resistance of the plants to adverse natural environments can be improved, the adverse effects of free radical increase and cell structure damage generated by sun-burned fruits can be responded, a large amount of plant protection essence components such as flavonoids and alkaloids can be generated, the free radicals generated by sunscald can be eliminated, the cell structure can be stabilized, and the morbidity of the sunscald diseases can be further reduced, and the reduction of the fruit quality and the yield caused by the sunscald diseases can be avoided.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the effect diagram of the invention of inducing explosive root tip after root breaking and half-month growth during fertilization.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
< example 1>
A support-free and sunburn-resistant cultivation method for spring tip fruiting of citrus comprises the following steps:
1) the method for reserving fruiting flower buds and the next year for bearing mother branches comprises the following steps: culturing spring shoots as fruiting branches and fruiting mother branches in the next year, and removing excessive flower buds on the fruiting branches in the spring shoot emergence period every year to leave fruiting flower buds; after the spring shoots are put, reserving a plurality of flower-free spring shoots and culturing the flower-free spring shoots into mother branches bearing fruits in the next year;
1.1) the branch thinning basis for reserving the plurality of the flower-free spring shoots is that 1-3 branches are reserved for small branches, 1-4 branches are not reserved for thick branches, and the rest branches are removed, so that nutrition is supplied to reserved flower buds and reserved flower-free spring shoots in a centralized manner.
2) The fertilizing method comprises the steps of applying root fertilizer and spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer: the root application fertilizer comprises the following components: in the summer tip period, the root fertilizer with the top end advantage regulation and control is applied within 10-20 days after the flowers are withered every year; the spraying of Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is as follows: spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the spring tip period to promote flowers, strengthen flowers and reduce the nutritional growth requirements of the spring tip; spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the summer tip period to supplement the nutrition of the tree body and reduce the nutritional growth requirement of the summer tip; spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in autumn and winter shoots to promote the differentiation of flower buds in the next year and reduce the nutritional growth requirements of the autumn shoots and the winter shoots; wherein, the fertilizing amount of the root fertilizer with the top end advantage is regulated and controlled by the yield of the fertilizer: applying 3.5 kg of a root system repairing agent, 2.5 kg of peanut cake, 1.0 kg of potassium sulfate, 0.2 kg of lime powder, 0.15 kg of yeast extract, 0.8 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 kg of hydroxyapatite, 0.5 kg of bone meal and 1.0 kg of mixed solution of cytokinin-producing bacteria to each 70 kg of plant;
2.1) the mixed solution of the cytokinin-producing bacteria is prepared by the following raw materials in parts by mass and a method:
s1, taking 10 parts of waste honey liquid, 5 parts of peanut bran, 1 part of corn steep liquor, 0.5 part of yeast extract, 5 parts of wheat bran, 0.05 part of ammonium sulfate, 0.05 part of manganese sulfate, 0.4 part of calcium sulfate, 0.05 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 50 parts of distilled water, uniformly mixing, carrying out moist heat sterilization at the high temperature of 120 ℃ for 30-120 minutes, and standing to normal temperature to obtain a seed culture solution;
s2, taking 30 parts of bacillus subtilis, 15 parts of bacillus megaterium and 35 parts of streptomyces jingyangensis, and uniformly mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed bacteria to the seed culture solution is 1: inoculating 50 of the strain into a seed culture solution, mixing, ventilating and fermenting at 120r/min and 30 ℃ for 72 hours to obtain 1-level zymogen liquid seeds;
s3, mixing 32 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of wheat bran, 50 parts of mushroom dregs, 12 parts of waste honey liquid, 0.5 part of yeast extract and 0.05 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to prepare a submerged fermentation solid culture medium;
s4, mixing the 1-level zymophyte liquid seeds with the submerged fermentation solid culture medium according to the mass ratio of 1: 5 inoculating the mixture into a submerged fermentation solid culture medium, keeping the water content at 50-65%, naturally composting and fermenting for 7 days, and drying to prepare a fermentation product of the cytokinin-producing bacteria;
s5, taking a cytokinin-producing strain fermented product and purified water before use according to the mass ratio of 1: 100, and obtaining the mixed solution of the cytokinin producing bacteria.
2.2) the method for applying the root fertilizer comprises the steps of uniformly spreading the root fertilizer under the tree crown, turning over the fertilizer, weeds and dry branches and fallen leaves after fertilizing, cutting off partial orange root systems, uniformly mixing the orange root systems in the soil, enabling the rotary tillage position to be 0.9 m away from the base of the tree head, enabling the turning area to be 20-50% of the orchard, enabling the turning area to be 25-40 cm deep, and covering the orchard with ground cloth.
2.3) the root system repairing agent is a root system repairing agent with the patent number of ZL 201510439687.3, and is specifically prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 89 parts of waste honey liquid, 8 parts of goat horn ash, 0.4 part of microzyme and 0.2 part of ferment bacteria, wherein the goat horn ash is powder prepared by soaking, drying, burning and crushing waste goat horns. The foliar fertilizer for Yuhualing No. 2 is a foliar fertilizer with a patent number of ZL 201510439697.7 and trace elements, and specifically comprises the following components in parts by mass: 94 parts of waste honey liquid, 3 parts of amino acid, 0.8 part of choline chloride, 0.4 part of microzyme, 0.2 part of ferment bacteria, 0.8 part of urea, 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.2 part of boric acid, 0.05 part of ammonium molybdate, 6 parts of goat horn ash and 10 parts of glycerol. The preparation method of the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is characterized in that the preparation method is based on the preparation of the patent No. ZL 201510439697.7 and the preparation method is directly added with the trace elements of ferrous sulfate, boric acid and ammonium molybdate and mixed. When the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is sprayed, the foliar fertilizer is diluted by 200 times.
2.4) the spraying of the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the spring tip stage comprises spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the spring tip stage during the emergence of flower buds and before the smearing of the flower buds, and spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the first and second physiological fruit drop stages;
2.41) the spraying of the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the spring shoot stage during the flower bud extraction and before the flower bud smearing is specifically as follows: under the condition of little or no flowers, spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer mixed liquor of Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer and ethephon when the spring tip grows for 1-3 cm, wherein the concentration of ethephon in the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer mixed liquor is 150ppm, and spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer 5-7 days after spraying;
2.42) the spraying of the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the first and second physiological fruit drop periods specifically comprises the following steps: under the condition of large flower quantity, the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is sprayed once when young leaves of spring shoots are unfolded; and under the condition of insufficient flower quantity, the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is sprayed once when spring shoots grow by 1-3 cm.
2.5) the spraying of No. 2 foliar fertilizer of Yuhualing in the summer tip period specifically comprises the following steps: when the withered flowers reach 80-85%, the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is sprayed once, and if the nutrition of the tree body is insufficient, the summer shoots are taken out too early, and when the summer shoots appear white, the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer can be sprayed once.
2.6) the spraying of the No. 2 foliar fertilizer of Yuhualing in the autumn tip and winter tip periods specifically comprises the following steps: continuously spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer twice in the late autumn and early winter, and spraying the foliar fertilizer every 7 to 10 days for the second time; if the foliar fertilizer Yuhualing No. 2 is sprayed once under the condition of high temperature in winter, excessive rainwater or vigorous tree vigor, the flower bud differentiation of the next year is promoted.
2.7) the fertilizing method also comprises that foliar fertilizer for inducing plants to generate system resistance is sprayed every 10 days or once along with spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer or pesticide in autumn drought and day burning high-incidence season of 7-8 months per year.
The foliar fertilizer for inducing plants to generate system resistance is a foliar fertilizer with application number of 2020103066148, and comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.4 part of saccharomycete, 0.2 part of high-sugar yeast, 0.1 part of yeast extract, 0.8 part of urea, 5 parts of calcium nitrate, 5 parts of chitin, 0.1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 2 parts of trichoderma harzianum liquid, 10 parts of garlic extract, 5 parts of sophora flavescens extract, 5 parts of compound amino acid and 50 parts of waste honey liquid. When the foliar fertilizer inducing plants to generate system resistance is sprayed, the foliar fertilizer is diluted by 250 times.
3) The pruning method comprises the following steps: useless shoots of the growing spring shoots, summer shoots, autumn shoots and winter shoots were trimmed.
3.1) the pruning method aims at not drawing new shoots after pruning, avoiding direct irradiation of strong light on fruits, and caring inner bore branches and absorbing sunlight; the time selection of the pruning method is based on that trees with more fruits or relatively weak trees or trees planted in dry land are suitable for early pruning, trees with less fruits and planted in vigorous growing trees or paddy fields are suitable for late pruning; the pruning method has the following pruning standards for the branch tips: the bearing mother branch is kept as the main branch, the rest insect-infected branches, weak branches, residual branches after bearing fruits and dense branches are all cut off, the tree body is ventilated and light-transmitting, and summer, autumn and winter branches extracted from the bearing mother branches are properly cut off or cut short according to the size and height of the crown.
3.2) the pruning method further comprises a quantified pin-withholding standard that: setting a tree with the yield of 30-40 kg for the fruit tree, and reserving 30-50 branches of fruiting mother branches; setting a tree with the yield of 40-60 kg for the fruit tree, and reserving 50-80 branches of fruiting mother branches; the fruit tree is set to have the yield of 60-110 kg, and the number of mother branches for bearing fruits is 70-100.
< example 2>
A cultivation method for citrus spring shoot fruiting support-free anti-sunburn is shown in example 1, wherein the difference is that the mixed solution of cytokinin producing bacteria is different, and in example 2, the same amount of mixed bacteria of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and streptomyces jingyangensis are directly taken and applied.
< example 3>
A cultivation method for citrus spring shoot fruiting, support-free and sunburn-resistant is shown in example 1, wherein the difference is that root fertilization ways are different, and in example 3, the root fertilization is as follows: digging an annular ditch with the depth and width of 15-30cm at the periphery of the crown of 10-25cm, applying the root fertilizer with the top regulation and control advantages into the ditch to mix with soil, covering soil, watering and carrying out drip irrigation as required.
< example 4>
A cultivation method for citrus spring shoot fruiting, support-free and sunburning resistance is shown in example 1, wherein the difference is that the root fertilizer application mode and the use amount of mixed liquid of cytokinin-producing bacteria are different, and the root fertilizer application in example 4 is as follows: digging an annular ditch with the depth and width of 15-30cm at the periphery of the crown of 10-25cm, applying the root fertilizer with the top end regulation and control advantage into the ditch to be mixed with soil, covering soil, watering and carrying out drip irrigation as required; and the amount of the mixed solution of the cytokinin-producing bacteria is increased to 2.5 kg.
< comparative example 1>
A method of growing citrus fruit is shown in example 1, except that no hydroxyapatite or bone meal is applied to the root fertilizer.
< comparative example 2>
A method of growing citrus fruit is described in example 1, except that a mixture of cytokinin-producing bacteria is not applied to the root fertilizer.
< comparative example 3>
A method for cultivating citrus is shown in comparative example 2, and is different from comparative example 2 in that foliar fertilizer for inducing plants to generate systemic resistance is not sprayed once in autumn drought and sun burn high-incidence seasons of 7-8 months per year.
< comparative experiment 1 of the orange cultivation method of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3>
Experiments are carried out on the Or which enters the rich fruit period in 4 years and is planted in a certain production area, the soil water content, the fertility, the pH value and the terrain of an experimental plot are the same, the planting years and the tree vigor are similar, 7 groups are randomly divided, each group occupies 1 mu in examples 1-4, each group occupies 0.5 mu in comparative examples 1-3, and 90-102 Or. Cultivation management was performed for each group according to the cultivation methods of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3. Economic indexes such as fruiting plant rate, average single plant yield and reduced yield per mu for two continuous years are measured, average rate of bearing fruit in each plant, rate of supporting plants per mu, rate of sunscald per mu and rate of rough skin per mu for two continuous years are measured as technical data, and statistics are shown in table 1.
Table 1:
< comparative experiment 2 of the orange cultivation method of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3>
The method comprises the steps of carrying out experiments on the sugar oranges which enter a full-bearing period in 4 years and are planted in a certain production area, wherein the soil water content, the fertility, the pH value and the terrain of an experimental plot are the same, the planting years and the tree vigor are similar, the experimental plot is randomly divided into 7 groups, each group occupies 1 mu in examples 1-4, each group occupies 0.5 mu in comparative examples 1-3, and 90-102 sugar oranges are planted in each mu. Cultivation management was performed for each group according to the cultivation methods of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3. The average rate of bearing fruit in the inner cavity of each plant, the rate of bearing plants per mu, the incidence rate of sunscald per mu and the rate of rough skin per mu for two consecutive years are measured as technical data, and the statistics are shown in table 2.
Table 2:
the long-term cultivation statistics from tables 1 and 2 show that:
< example 1> applying root fertilizer with top end advantages regulation and control within 10-20 days after flower withering every year, cutting off partial root system during applying root fertilizer, and spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer and inducing plant to generate systemic resistance in different tip stages, combining, promoting flower and fruit growth and maintaining yield, effectively improving nutrition absorption and hormone regulation functions of citrus root system, regulating and controlling top end advantages, realizing fruit inner chamber, avoiding support and reducing sun burn incidence.
< example 2> the difference from example 1 was that a mixed solution of cytokinin-producing bacteria was used, and in example 2, an equal amount of a mixed solution of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Streptomyces jingyangensis was directly applied. Compared with the example 1, the rate of bearing fruit in the inner cavity is greatly reduced, the occurrence rate of sunscald is increased, and the extended bearing fruit needs to be whitened to avoid loss. The cytokinin-producing bacteria mixed solution prepared by the invention has strong activity of promoting the root tip somatic tissue to produce cytokinin, is beneficial to forming root system endophytic bacteria, and realizes better synergistic promotion of root system to exert vegetative growth and apical dominance regulation on overground parts.
< example 3> different from example 1 in the way of applying root fertilizer, example 3 applying root fertilizer is to dig a furrow outside the crown, apply soil, water and drip irrigation as required. Compared with the example 1, the rate of bearing fruit in the inner cavity is greatly reduced, the occurrence rate of sunscald is increased, and the extended bearing fruit needs to be whitened to avoid loss.
< example 4> different from example 1 in the way of applying root fertilizer and the amount of mixed solution of cytokinin-producing bacteria, example 4 applied root fertilizer to ditch the outside of the crown, fertilized soil, watered and drip-irrigated as required, and the amount of mixed solution of cytokinin-producing bacteria was increased to 2.5 kg. Compared with the example 3, the rate of bearing fruit in the inner bore and the rate of occurrence of sunscald are greatly improved; compared with the example 1, the rate of bearing fruit in the inner chamber is reduced, the rate of sunscald is increased, and the extended bearing fruit needs to be whitened to avoid loss. The results of example 3 and example 4 show that the fertilization mode of the present invention induces the growth of explosive root tips, see fig. 1, the effect graph of inducing explosive root tips by breaking roots and growing for more than half a month during fertilization, more root tip somatic tissues produce increased cytokinins, and the application amount of mixed solution of cytokinin-producing bacteria can be reduced.
< comparative example 1> different from example 1, hydroxyapatite and bone meal were not applied to the root fertilizer. Compared with the example 1, the rate of bearing fruit in the inner chamber is reduced, the rate of sunscald is increased, and the effect of bearing fruit on the epitaxy needs to be whitened to avoid loss. The method is characterized in that a soil void structure and a beneficial microorganism breeding and enriching place are constructed by hydroxyapatite and bone meal, conditions for rapid breeding and stable survival of root-applied beneficial microorganisms are constructed, and the mixed solution of the cytokinin-producing bacteria is beneficial to play a role.
< comparative example 2> the difference from example 1 was that the mixed solution of cytokinin-producing bacteria was not applied to the root fertilizer. Compared with the example 1, the rate of bearing fruit in the inner cavity is greatly reduced, the incidence rate of sunburn is increased, the extended bearing fruit needs to be whitened and supported, and the loss is recovered. The lack of the promotion effect of the mixed solution of the cytokinin-producing bacteria on the root tip somatic tissue indicates that the root system after the cultivation for many years has poor functions of absorbing nutrition and regulating hormone, so that the nutrition accumulation of the tree body is insufficient, the vegetative growth is vigorous, and the eviscerated fruit is not favorable.
< comparative example 3> unlike comparative example 2, foliar fertilizer inducing plants to develop systemic resistance was not sprayed once every 7-8 months in autumn drought and in season with high incidence of sunscald. Compared with the comparative example 2, the occurrence rate of sunburn is increased, the rate of rough skin is increased, the epitaxial fruit is whitened and supported, and the loss is recovered.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the specific details and embodiments shown and described herein, without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A support-free and sunburn-resistant cultivation method for citrus spring shoot fruiting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method for reserving fruiting flower buds and the next year for bearing mother branches comprises the following steps: culturing spring shoots as fruiting branches and fruiting mother branches in the next year, and removing excessive flower buds on the fruiting branches in the spring shoot emergence period every year to leave fruiting flower buds; after the spring shoots are put, reserving a plurality of flower-free spring shoots and culturing the flower-free spring shoots into mother branches bearing fruits in the next year;
the fertilizing method comprises the steps of applying root fertilizer and spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer: the root application fertilizer comprises the following components: in the summer tip period, the root fertilizer with the top end advantage regulation and control is applied within 10-20 days after the flowers are withered every year; the spraying of Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is as follows: spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the spring tip period to promote flowers, strengthen flowers and reduce the nutritional growth requirements of the spring tip; spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the summer tip period to supplement the nutrition of the tree body and reduce the nutritional growth requirement of the summer tip; spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in autumn and winter shoots to promote the differentiation of flower buds in the next year and reduce the nutritional growth requirements of the autumn shoots and the winter shoots; wherein, the fertilizing amount of the root fertilizer with the top end advantage is regulated and controlled by the yield of the fertilizer: applying 1.0-3.5 kg of root system repairing agent, 1.0-2.5 kg of peanut cake, 0.8-1.0 kg of potassium sulfate, 0.1-0.2 kg of lime powder, 0.01-0.15 kg of yeast extract, 0.1-0.8 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5-1.0 kg of hydroxyapatite, 0.5-0.8 kg of bone meal and 1.0-2.5 kg of mixed solution of cytokinin-producing bacteria to each 50-70 kg of plant;
the pruning method comprises the following steps: useless shoots of the growing spring shoots, summer shoots, autumn shoots and winter shoots were trimmed.
2. The method for fruit-support-free anti-sunburn cultivation of citrus spring shoots according to claim 1, wherein the division for retaining the plurality of the flower-free spring shoots is based on that 1 to 3 branches are retained for the small branches, 1 to 4 branches are retained for the strong branches, and the rest are removed, according to the size of the base branches, so that the nutrition is intensively supplied to the retained flower buds and the retained flower-free spring shoots.
3. The citrus spring shoot fruiting support-free sunburn-resistant cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cytokinin-producing bacteria mixture is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
s1, taking 10-30 parts of waste honey liquid, 5-15 parts of peanut bran, 1-2 parts of corn steep liquor, 0.5-1 part of yeast extract, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 0.05-0.08 part of ammonium sulfate, 0.05-0.1 part of manganese sulfate, 0.4-1.2 parts of calcium sulfate, 0.05-0.15 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 50-75 parts of distilled water, uniformly mixing, carrying out moist heat sterilization at the high temperature of 120 ℃ for 30-120 minutes, and standing to normal temperature to obtain a seed culture solution;
s2, uniformly mixing 30-35 parts of bacillus subtilis, 15-27 parts of bacillus megaterium and 35-55 parts of streptomyces jingyangensis, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed bacteria to the seed culture solution is 1: inoculating 50-75 of the strain into a seed culture solution, rotating and mixing at the speed of 120r/min, ventilating and fermenting at 30 ℃ for 48-72 hours to obtain 1-level zymophyte liquid seeds;
s3, mixing 32-45 parts of soybean meal, 20-25 parts of wheat bran, 50-75 parts of mushroom dregs, 12-28 parts of waste honey liquid, 0.5-0.8 part of yeast extract and 0.05-0.08 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to prepare a submerged fermentation solid culture medium;
s4, mixing the 1-level zymophyte liquid seeds with the submerged fermentation solid culture medium according to the mass ratio of 1: 5-10 inoculating into a submerged fermentation solid culture medium, keeping the water content at 50-65%, naturally composting and fermenting for 7-15 days, and drying to obtain a fermentation product of the cytokinin-producing strain;
s5, taking a cytokinin-producing strain fermented product and purified water before use according to the mass ratio of 1: 50-100 to obtain the mixed solution of the cytokinin-producing bacteria.
4. The method for cultivating citrus trees with spring-tip fruiting, support-free and sunburn-resistant functions as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method for applying root fertilizer is that the root fertilizer is uniformly spread under the tree crowns, the fertilizer, weeds and dry branches and fallen leaves are turned over after the fertilizer is applied, part of citrus root systems are cut off and uniformly mixed in soil, the rotary tillage position is at least 0.1-0.8 m away from the base of the tree head, the area of the turning over is 20-50% of the orchard, the depth is 25-40 cm, and the tree crowns are covered by ground cloth in the whole garden.
5. The support-free and sunburn-resistant cultivation method for citrus spring shoot fruiting according to claim 4, characterized in that the root system repairing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 89 parts of waste honey liquid, 8 parts of goat horn ash, 0.4 part of microzyme and 0.2 part of ferment bacteria, wherein the goat horn ash is powder prepared by soaking, drying, burning and crushing waste goat horns; the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 94 parts of waste honey liquid, 3 parts of amino acid, 0.8 part of choline chloride, 0.4 part of microzyme, 0.2 part of ferment bacteria, 0.8 part of urea, 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.2 part of boric acid, 0.05 part of ammonium molybdate, 6 parts of goat horn ash and 10 parts of glycerol, wherein when the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is sprayed, the dilution is 180 times and 200 times.
6. The citrus spring shoot fruiting support-free anti-sunburn cultivation method according to claim 5, wherein the spraying of the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the spring shoot stage comprises spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the spring shoot stage at the time of emergence of flower buds and before smearing the flower buds, and spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the first and second physiological fruit drop stages;
the spraying of the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer during the sprouting of the flower buds in the spring shoot period and before the flower buds are smeared specifically comprises the following steps: under the condition of little or no flowers, spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer mixed liquor of Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer and ethephon when the spring tip grows for 1-3 cm, wherein the concentration of ethephon in the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer mixed liquor is lower than 200ppm, and spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer 5-7 days after spraying;
the spraying of the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the first and second physiological fruit drop periods specifically comprises the following steps: under the condition of large flower quantity, the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is sprayed once when young leaves of spring shoots are unfolded; under the condition of insufficient flower quantity, spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer once when spring shoots grow by 1-3 cm;
the spraying of Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the summer tip period specifically comprises the following steps: when the withered flowers reach 80-85%, spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer once, if the nutrition of the tree body is insufficient, the summer shoots are taken out too early, and spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer once when the summer shoots appear white;
the spraying of the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the autumn tip and winter tip periods specifically comprises the following steps: continuously spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer twice in the late autumn and early winter, and spraying the foliar fertilizer every 7 to 10 days for the second time; if the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer mixed solution added with the paclobutrazol is sprayed once under the condition of high temperature in winter, excessive rainwater or vigorous tree vigor, the concentration of the paclobutrazol in the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer mixed solution is 500ppm, and the bud differentiation of the next year is promoted.
7. The citrus spring shoot fruiting support-free anti-sunburn cultivation method according to claim 6, wherein the fertilization method further comprises inducing the plant to generate systemic resistance foliar fertilizer every 10 days or once with spraying of Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer or pesticide in autumn drought and high-occurrence of sunburn within 7-8 months per year;
the foliar fertilizer for inducing the plants to generate the systemic resistance comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.4-0.6 part of yeast, 0.2-1.0 part of high-sugar yeast, 0.1-0.3 part of yeast extract, 0.8-1.2 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of calcium nitrate, 5-15 parts of chitin, 0.1-0.5 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 2-5 parts of trichoderma harzianum liquid, 10-15 parts of garlic extract, 5-15 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis extract, 5-15 parts of compound amino acid and 50-80 parts of waste honey liquid.
8. The method for cultivating citrus in spring shoot fruiting, support-free and sunburn-resistant manner as claimed in claim 7, wherein the pruning method aims at not drawing new shoots after pruning, and fruits avoid direct irradiation of strong light and care for inner bore branches and absorb sunlight; the time selection of the pruning method is based on that trees with more fruits or relatively weak trees or trees planted in dry land are suitable for early pruning, trees with less fruits and planted in vigorous growing trees or paddy fields are suitable for late pruning; the pruning method has the following pruning standards for the branch tips: the bearing mother branch is kept as the main branch, the rest insect-infected branches, weak branches, residual branches after bearing fruits and dense branches are all cut off, the tree body is ventilated and light-transmitting, and summer, autumn and winter branches extracted from the bearing mother branches are properly cut off or cut short according to the size and height of the crown.
9. The citrus spring shoot fruiting support-free sunburn-resistant growing method of claim 8, wherein the pruning method further includes quantified shoot retention, the quantified shoot retention criteria being: setting a tree with the yield of 30-40 kg for the fruit tree, and reserving 30-50 branches of fruiting mother branches; setting a tree with the yield of 40-60 kg for the fruit tree, and reserving 50-80 branches of fruiting mother branches; the fruit tree is set to have the yield of 60-110 kg, and the number of mother branches for bearing fruits is 70-100.
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