CN111116262A - Special fertilizer for high-density tea plantation and fertilizing method thereof - Google Patents
Special fertilizer for high-density tea plantation and fertilizing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111116262A CN111116262A CN202010037353.4A CN202010037353A CN111116262A CN 111116262 A CN111116262 A CN 111116262A CN 202010037353 A CN202010037353 A CN 202010037353A CN 111116262 A CN111116262 A CN 111116262A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a special fertilizer for a high-density tea garden and a fertilizing method thereof. The fertilizer consists of a liquid chitosan compound fertilizer and a liquid water-soluble fertilizer. The fertilizer provided by the invention can promote the healing of the wound of the tea tree branch after the tea tree branch is cut on the platform; promoting the root of the tea tree after the platform mow to sprout new branches; providing the nutritional requirements for the production of the high-density planted tea garden. The fertilizer provided by the invention is scientific in proportioning, has higher water solubility, can be used for supplementing tea tree nutrition by water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation in a tea garden, and is high in utilization rate and small in application amount; the prepared fertilizer has no strong pungent smell, and can supplement nutrition and medium trace elements and amino acids required by tea trees according to the growth demand characteristics of the tea trees; the soil of the tea garden can be improved, and the soil micro-ecological environment required by the growth of tea trees can be improved; improve the activity of the tea tree root system and promote the germination of the tea tree root system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a special fertilizer for a high-density tea garden and a fertilizing method thereof.
Background
The production part of the tea tree is the leaf, the tea tree needs to be picked for many times in the production process of one year, the fertilizer is reasonably used, and the tea tree is the basis for producing the tea garden with high quality and high efficiency. At present, excessive and unreasonable fertilization of a tea garden causes partial soil hardening of the tea garden and environmental pollution, and the adoption of a special fertilizer for tea trees is an important way for reducing the application of chemical fertilizers in the tea garden. Generally, the fertilizer for young tea plant cultivation in the conventional cultivation mode is mainly 1: 1: the 1 type compound fertilizer with higher phosphorus and potassium content basically has the following formula (2) aiming at a tea garden in a picking period of a conventional cultivation mode: 1: 1 or 3: 1: the compound fertilizer with higher nitrogen content of type 1 is used for supplementing the nitrogen loss of tea trees caused by leaf picking. The high-density tea plantation reforms the cultivation mode which takes high-yield tree type cultivation as the key point at present, and has the requirements on the healing of a mowing wound and the multiple generation of branches in the production besides the requirements on nutrient elements in the conventional production. At present, no relevant records of establishing the fertilizer specially aiming at the high-density tea plantation exist.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the blank existing in the prior art, the invention provides a special fertilizer for a high-density tea garden.
The invention also provides a fertilizing method of the special fertilizer for the high-density tea plantation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
the invention provides a special fertilizer for a high-density tea garden, which consists of a liquid chitosan compound fertilizer and a liquid water-soluble fertilizer.
The liquid chitosan compound fertilizer used by the invention consists of the following components: low molecular weight chitosan 20-50g/L, Zn2+50-200mg/L，Al3+50-200mg/L, pectin 8g/L and the balance of water.
The liquid water-soluble fertilizer used by the invention is prepared by the following method: mixing and dissolving urea, high-solubility potassium fulvate, aluminum nitrate, zinc nitrate and aspergilloside with the biomass fermentation liquor, and filtering to obtain the product; the mass ratio of the urea to the high-solubility potassium fulvate to the aluminum nitrate to the zinc nitrate to the aspergilloside is 66-76:10-20:0.2-0.5: 0.1-0.2: 0.0001-0.005.
The mass ratio of the mixture to the biological fermentation liquid is 1: 20-30.
Further, the biomass fermentation liquid is prepared by performing innocent treatment on 100-200 parts of plant straws, 5-20 parts of animal carcasses and 50-200 parts of animal excrement, adding 3-5 parts of sodium polyacrylate and 1-2 parts of citric acid, performing anaerobic fermentation in a fermentation tank at the room temperature of 10-35 ℃ for 20-35 days, and filtering and concentrating supernatant to the density of 1.1-1.4.
Further, the plant straws are wheat straws or corn straws; the animal excrement is one or more of desalted human excrement, pig manure or chicken manure;
the invention also provides a fertilizing method of the special fertilizer for the high-density tea plantation, and the liquid chitosan compound fertilizer is used for spraying the mown roots of the tea trees in the process of building the high-density tea plantation; the liquid water-soluble fertilizer is used for water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation; after the liquid chitosan compound fertilizer is mown on tea trees in a high-density tea plantation, 1-10L of suspension liquid with the concentration of 0.5% is prepared and sprayed; when the liquid water-soluble fertilizer is used, the dosage is 0.1-5L/mu/day;
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the fertilizer provided by the invention can promote the healing of the wound of the tea tree branch after the tea tree branch is cut on the platform; promoting the root of the tea tree to sprout new branches after the tea tree is cut.
2. The fertilizer provided by the invention is scientific in proportioning, the nutrition is supplemented according to the requirement of the growth characteristics of tea trees, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is high, the application amount is small, the prepared fertilizer has no strong pungent smell, and the fertilizer efficiency is improved;
3. by using the fertilizer provided by the invention for a long time, the garden building time for high-density planting of a tea garden can be shortened, and the disease resistance and insect resistance of tea trees are improved; the activity of the tea tree root system is improved, and the germination of the tea tree root system is promoted; supplying medium trace elements and amino acids required by tea trees;
4. can improve the soil of the tea garden and improve the soil micro-ecological environment required by the growth of tea trees.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained and illustrated by the following specific embodiments.
Example 1
The formula of the liquid chitosan compound fertilizer comprises: 50g/L, Zn2+200mg/L，Al3+100mg/L, pectin 8g/L and the balance of water.
The liquid water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
(1) carrying out innocent treatment on 150 parts of corn straws, 10 parts of animal carcasses and 120 parts of human excrement, adding 5 parts of sodium polyacrylate and 2 parts of citric acid, carrying out anaerobic fermentation in a fermentation tank at room temperature for 23 days, taking supernate, filtering and concentrating to obtain biomass fermentation liquor, wherein the density of the supernate is 1.2;
(2) urea, high-solubility potassium fulvate, aluminum nitrate, zinc nitrate and aspergilloside are mixed according to the mass ratio of 70:15:0.2: 0.1: 0.005 of mixture, and is prepared by mixing 1 part of mixture and 30 parts of biomass fermentation liquor and filtering.
Example 2
The formula of the liquid chitosan compound fertilizer comprises: low molecular weight chitosan 30g/L, Zn2+150mg/L，Al3+80mg/L, pectin 8g/L and the balance of water.
The liquid water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
(1) carrying out innocent treatment on 100 parts of corn straws, 20 parts of animal carcasses and 80 parts of human excrement, adding 3 parts of sodium polyacrylate and 2 parts of citric acid, carrying out anaerobic fermentation in a fermentation tank at room temperature for 20 days, taking supernate, filtering and concentrating to obtain biomass fermentation liquor with the density of 1.2;
(2) urea, high-solubility potassium fulvate, aluminum nitrate, zinc nitrate and aspergilloside are mixed according to the mass ratio of 66:20: 0.5: 0.1: 0.005 of mixture, which is formed by mixing and filtering 1 part of mixture and 25 parts of biomass fermentation liquor;
example 3
The formula of the liquid chitosan compound fertilizer comprises: low molecular weight chitosan and low molecular weight chitosan 20g/L, Zn2+120mg/L，Al3 +150mg/L, 8g/L of pectin and the balance of water;
the liquid water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
(1) carrying out innocent treatment on 200 parts of corn straws, 18 parts of animal carcasses and 150 parts of human excrement, adding 5 parts of sodium polyacrylate and 2 parts of citric acid, carrying out anaerobic fermentation in a fermentation tank at room temperature for 30 days, taking supernate, filtering and concentrating to obtain biomass fermentation liquor with the density of 1.2;
(2) urea, high-solubility potassium fulvate, aluminum nitrate, zinc nitrate and aspergilloside are mixed according to the mass ratio of 76:14:0.2: 0.1: 0.0004, mixing 1 part of the mixture and 20 parts of the biomass fermentation liquor, and filtering.
Comparative example 1
The formulation of the liquid chitosan compound fertilizer was the same as in example 3.
The liquid water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
(1) carrying out innocent treatment on 200 parts of corn straws, 15 parts of animal carcasses and 200 parts of human excrement, carrying out anaerobic fermentation in a fermentation tank for 39 days at room temperature, taking supernate, filtering and concentrating to obtain biomass fermentation liquor with the density of 1.1-1.4;
(2) urea, high-solubility potassium fulvate, aluminum nitrate, zinc nitrate and aspergilloside are mixed according to the mass ratio of 76:14:0.2: 0.1: 0.0004, mixing 1 part of the mixture and 20 parts of the biomass fermentation liquor, and filtering.
In this comparative example, when the contents of the respective effective ingredients were the same as in example 3 under the same temperature conditions, fermentation was carried out for 39 days, and ammonia odor was strong and pungent during the fermentation, whereas the water-soluble fertilizers prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention had no strong ammonia odor and pungent odor was significantly reduced as compared with comparative example 1.
Application examples
The fertilizer prepared in example 3 was applied to the establishment of a high-density tea plantation:
(1) the aged tea garden located in the town of Linyi city, tea tree 9 months bottom desk cradled, and the tea tree stump after desk cradled is sprayed with 0.5% concentration suspension mixed solution prepared by 5L of liquid chitosan compound fertilizer, so that the wound healing and the branch development of the tea tree stump are promoted, and the cold resistance of the tea tree is improved; applying 300 Kg/mu of cooked bean curd or peanut meal in the tea rows in a hole mode, and covering the tea rows with soil to form ridges;
(2) furrow watering and enough watering are carried out in late-month ten days;
(3) in the middle ten days of december, the tea rows are covered by the thin film, and the thickness of the grass covered on the thin film is more than 20 cm; pressing soil on the grass for 2 to 5 centimeters, paving a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe, and carrying out water drip irrigation;
(4) in late 2 months of the next year, after no winter soil appears on the ground at night, removing the covering of the tea garden, paving a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe, and carrying out drip irrigation on water and water-soluble fertilizer, wherein the daily dosage of the water-soluble fertilizer is 0.5L/mu; the water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the following method: mixing and filtering urea, high-solubility potassium fulvate, aluminum nitrate, zinc nitrate, aspergilloside and biomass fermentation liquor, wherein the mass ratio of the urea to the high-solubility potassium fulvate to the aluminum nitrate to the zinc nitrate to the aspergilloside is (76: 14:0.2: 0.1): 0.0004, the rest is biomass fermentation liquor with the density of 1.2;
(5) planting 1 row of soybean in the middle of the furrow, wherein the plant spacing of the soybean is 20-40 cm;
(6) planting 1 row of corns in the middle of the furrow, wherein the row spacing of the corns is 60-80 cm;
(7) when the branches of the tea garden grow to 15-20cm, tea picking is carried out in turn;
(8) harvesting the tea from the root of the tea stand to the bottom of 9 months, and cutting the tea stand from the root of the tea stand;
(9) the tea tree stumps after being mown are sprayed by a suspension liquid with the concentration of 0.5 percent prepared by 5L of liquid chitosan compound fertilizer, so that the wound healing and the branching of the tea tree stumps are promoted;
(10) applying 300 Kg/mu of cooked bean pulp or peanut pulp in the tea row, harvesting and crushing the corns and the soybeans in the furrows and covering the tea row;
(11) repeating the steps (2) to (10) every year.
Meanwhile, a control group is set, the control group 1 is the fertilizer prepared in the comparative example 1, the fermentation time is only the same as that of the example 3 and is 30d, and the liquid chitosan compound fertilizer is not sprayed after the platform in the control group 2 is mown.
After the experimental group, the control group 1 and the control group 2 are established by the method for high-density tea plantation, the yield of the transformed tea is measured in the second year and the third year, and the standard of the yield of the tea leaves is 1 bud dry tea weight. Specific results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, in the control group 1, the fermentation time is too short, the content of the effective components is reduced, the fertilizer efficiency is reduced, and the yield of the built tea garden is correspondingly reduced.
The summer tea collected in the third year is subjected to quality detection, the detection content comprises tea polyphenol, amino acid, caffeine, water extract and the like, and the amino acid and the water extract are higher than those of the reference.
TABLE 2
Claims (8)
1. A fertilizer special for a high-density tea garden is characterized by consisting of a liquid chitosan compound fertilizer and a liquid water-soluble fertilizer.
2. The fertilizer special for the high-density tea plantation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid chitosan compound fertilizer is composed of: low molecular weight chitosan 20-50g/L, Zn2+50-200mg/L，Al3+50-200mg/L, pectin 8g/L and the balance of water.
3. The fertilizer special for the high-density tea plantation according to claim 1, wherein the liquid water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the following method: mixing and dissolving urea, high-solubility potassium fulvate, aluminum nitrate, zinc nitrate and aspergilloside with the biomass fermentation liquor, and filtering to obtain the product; the mass ratio of the urea to the high-solubility potassium fulvate to the aluminum nitrate to the zinc nitrate to the aspergilloside is 66-76:10-20:0.2-0.5: 0.1-0.2: 0.0001-0.005.
4. The fertilizer special for the high-density tea plantation according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture to the biological fermentation liquid is 1: 20-30.
5. The fertilizer special for the high-density tea plantation as claimed in claim 1, 3 or 4, wherein the biomass fermentation liquid is prepared by subjecting 100-200 parts of plant straw, 5-20 parts of animal carcass and 50-200 parts of animal excrement to innocent treatment, adding 3-5 parts of sodium polyacrylate and 1-2 parts of citric acid, performing anaerobic fermentation in a fermentation tank at room temperature of 10-35 ℃ for 20-35 days, and filtering and concentrating supernatant to density of 1.1-1.4.
6. The fertilizer special for the high-density tea plantation as claimed in claim 5, wherein the plant straw is wheat straw or corn straw; the animal excrement is one or more of desalted human excrement, pig manure or chicken manure.
7. A fertilizing method of the special fertilizer for the high-density tea plantation as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the liquid chitosan compound fertilizer is used for spraying on the mown roots of the tea trees during the establishment of the high-density tea plantation; the liquid water-soluble fertilizer is used for water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation.
8. The fertilizing method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the liquid chitosan compound fertilizer is sprayed with 1-10L of suspension liquid with the concentration of 0.5% after being mown on tea trees in a high-density planting tea garden; the dosage of the liquid water-soluble fertilizer is 0.1-5L/mu/day.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010037353.4A CN111116262A (en) | 2020-01-14 | 2020-01-14 | Special fertilizer for high-density tea plantation and fertilizing method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010037353.4A CN111116262A (en) | 2020-01-14 | 2020-01-14 | Special fertilizer for high-density tea plantation and fertilizing method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN111116262A true CN111116262A (en) | 2020-05-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202010037353.4A Withdrawn CN111116262A (en) | 2020-01-14 | 2020-01-14 | Special fertilizer for high-density tea plantation and fertilizing method thereof |
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2020
- 2020-01-14 CN CN202010037353.4A patent/CN111116262A/en not_active Withdrawn
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