CN101861828B - Pineapple hybridization method - Google Patents
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- CN101861828B CN101861828B CN 201010171282 CN201010171282A CN101861828B CN 101861828 B CN101861828 B CN 101861828B CN 201010171282 CN201010171282 CN 201010171282 CN 201010171282 A CN201010171282 A CN 201010171282A CN 101861828 B CN101861828 B CN 101861828B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pineapple hybridization method, in particular to a self-fruitlessness-based pineapple hybrid pollination method, which aims to provide an efficient artificial hybrid pollination technique of pineapples, and comprises the following steps: 1, reasonably allocating parents: allocating the parents in accordance with different sizes, so that the natural flowering synchronization of the male and female parents is realized; 2, collecting pollen: starting to collect the pollen when small flowers on the male parent blow to the middle, taking anther with forceps and putting in a culture dish to be used; 3, pollinating and fertilizing which are carried out at 8:00-10:00 at noon in fine weather without dew; 4, retaining fruit and taking seeds: picking fully mature hybrid fruit, and removing pulp; turning over the pulp on the peel with tweezers, and taking out the seeds to be cleaned; after naturally drying, packing in a bag, and preserving at a temperature of 4 DEG C for use. With the technical method, a lot of pineapple hybrid seeds can be obtained, and the average seed rate is 2 seeds or more per flower. The method provides a reliable technical support for the hybrid pollination of pineapples.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pineapple hybridization method, be specifically related to a kind of based on certainly spending unreal pineapple (Ananascomsus (L.) Merr) hybridization pollination method.
Background technology:
Pineapple is the large tropical fruit (tree) in the third place in the world after banana and mango, also is the seventh-largest fruit in the world.At present China is global the third-largest pineapple main product state.According to the FAO statistics, 2006,7.5 ten thousand hectares of Chinese pineapple cultivated areas, 1,400,000 tons of annual productions (according to Ministry of Agriculture's statistics, 5.3 ten thousand hectares of national pineapple areas, 89.1 ten thousand tons of output) account for 8% of World Pineapple output.2007,5.5 ten thousand hectares of areas, 90.8 ten thousand tons of output.In recent years, China's pineapple cultivated area and output have had the trend of growing steadily, and pineapple industry has become the mainstay industry of China's hot-zone agricultural.
It mainly is queen's class Bali kind of introducing in the past in 1558 that China produces the upper pineapple kind of using, and accounts for more than 80% of area under cultivation, has now shown as serious kind sexual involution, and yield and quality descends.Kind is single, main breed is degenerated, and has been seriously to restrict the primary factor that China's pineapple industry develops in a healthy way.
In recent years, China from Taiwan, the pineapple main product countries and regions such as Philippine, Thailand have introduced the serial New Variety for Pineapple of platform farming (perfume, gold brill, winter honey, pearl etc.), and golden pineapple (MD-2), Josapine, Fresh Premium, Pattavia, Hawaii, the good main breeds such as Queensland Cayenne, N36.At present China's pineapple seed selection kind work is in the stage of introducing a fine variety with the seed selection kind, and there is larger gap in the research of the directive breeding of external pineapple main product state.
China's pineapple breeding work starts from eighties of last century sixties, interrupts for a long time after the nineties in 20th century.The hysteresis of China's pineapple breeding work, except the funds that lack a stable research team and continue supported, most important influence factor also was to have certain technical difficulty in the pineapple hybridization pollination.At first, pineapple is the perennial herb fruit tree, certainly spends the rate of setting seeds of pollinating between unreal, same strain low.So, select the Parents of different lines to hybridize or distant hybridization, just might obtain a large amount of hybrid seeds and variation in a big way.Next is the problem that will solve parents' flowering asynchronism, and pineapple can yield positive results in the anniversary, the pineapple to bloom asynchronism(-nization) in different cultivars and different seedling stages.Flower forcing can be regulated the florescence, and rate is far below free flowering plant but the pollen amount of flower forcing plant and hybridization are set seeds.The 3rd, pollination time and pollinating method.During the annual 3-4 month pineapple flowering naturally, pollen amount is large, gathers easily pollen.8:00-10:00 pollination at noon, easily fertilization, the rate of setting seeds height.Dip pollen with writing brush and directly smear maternal column cap and can effectively carry out Pollination Fertilization, and do not destroy pollination flower, time and labour saving.The 4th, fruit retention is got kind.Guarantee that the hybridization fruit can full maturity, hybrid seed is physically well developed.Collect kind of a period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m and makes the seed of obtaining clean as far as possible, without residues such as pulp, moldy metamorphism and affect seed sprouting when avoiding seed storage.Owing to affect pineapple hybridization pollination many factors, limit the acquisition of a large amount of pineapple hybridization seeds, thereby be difficult to obtain the pineapple hybridization colony of some, have influence on the selection cross kind research of pineapple.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method of high efficiency pineapple artificial hybridization pollination technique, concrete operation step is as follows: 1, parent's configuration; 2, gather flower pesticide (pollen); 3, fine at weather between the whole pollination period of Pollination Fertilization, carry out without the 8:00-10:00 at noon of dew; 4, fruit retention is got kind; Utilize this technical method, make the pineapple hybridization seed amount from 8000 in 2006, bring up to 120,000 in 2009, average seed rate is more than 2/piece.The method provides reliable technical guarantee for the hybridization pollination of pineapple.
In order to address the above problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
1, the parent plants: select pineapple male parent and the female parent of merit, with reference to the classification of pineapple biological character and SSR Cluster Analysis analysis result, the pineapple Parent is classified, can simply be divided into cacaine class, queen's class and hybrid class.After selecting hybrid strain, the parent must be planted according to different sizes, so that the Parent flowering naturally florescence can meet.For example, the pineapple seedling of equal size specification, the cacaine class should shift to an earlier date plantation in 2-3 month than queen's class, cacaine plantation in March, Bali 56 month field planting; Or contemporaneity plants the parental combination of different size specifications, plants the cacaine kind of 30 centimeters of plant heights April, plants simultaneously plant height and be queen's class of 15-20 centimetre as parental combination.Hybrid class parent plants, and can in conjunction with parents' proterties and plant strain growth gesture, regulate the florescence.When becoming the difficult kind work of flower maternal, should plant this product plant of a greater number.
2, gather flower pesticide (pollen): bad because of pineapple fruit base portion and middle and lower part Floret development, when little when the flowers are in blossom to the middle part on the male parent, begin to gather pollen.With the gently strip off of Xiao Hua petal, do not destroy petal, expose column cap and stamen flower pesticide, with tweezers gripping flower pesticide, be put in pollination usefulness in the culture dish.Check the flower pesticide quality, flower pesticide is placed in the palm that finger is rubbed gently, flower pesticide scatters easily, can observe that pollen is scattered, Powdered spreading upon on the palm, then can be used for pollination; If when gathering pollen, collection has dew, rainwater among the Xiao Hua, and perhaps flower pesticide is immature, rubs afterwards without pollen or few powder, all can not be used for pollination; Petal is withered to be shunk, and has lost flower, can not gather pollen.Gather the pollen that comes and be put in the culture dish, indicate kind with marking pen, can directly be used for pollinating.
3, Pollination Fertilization: pollination time is 8:00-10:00 at noon, and is fine, and without rainwater and dew aggegation, rainy day, strong wind weather are not awarded among the maternal Xiao Hua.The Xiao Hua petal opens, and slightly sees column cap, secretes honeydew on the column cap, is best pollination time.Female parent need not castrated, and dips pollen with writing brush and is coated with to maternal column cap.Pollination only need be carried out once, can smear 2-3 time.Pollination on the same day, next day, Xiao Hua lost flower, and petal is withered to be shunk, and finishes fertilization.Pineapple fruit after the pollination hangs up label and carries out mark.
4, fruit retention is got kind: the pineapple fruit full maturity after protection is pollinated prevents that muroid, birds from eating and artificially plucking destruction etc. steathily.Before the hybridization fruit maturation, bird is drawn in the net to prevent in the field, throws in raticide or arranges the electrical network protection against rodents, puts up warning marker etc.The full ripe hybridization fruit of gathering removes terminal bud and fruit base portion, is cut into the crescent fritter of 6-8 piece, and pericarp keeps 5 centimeters thick pulp, rejects pulp.Stir pulp on the pericarp with tweezers, take out seed.To be loaded in the seed packet behind the hybrid seed collection of like combinations, cleaning, the natural air drying, be put in 4 ℃ for subsequent use, or sow.
Embodiment:
Below by embodiment the present invention is described in further details, these embodiment only are used for illustrating the present invention, do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
1, the parent plants: select pineapple male parent and the female parent of merit, with reference to the classification of pineapple biological character and SSR Cluster Analysis analysis result, the pineapple Parent is classified, can simply be divided into cacaine class, queen's class and hybrid class.After selecting hybrid strain, the parent must be planted according to different sizes, so that the Parent flowering naturally florescence can meet.The pineapple seedling of equal size specification, cacaine plantation in March, Bali 5-6 month field planting;
2, gather pollen: when little when the flowers are in blossom to the middle part on the male parent, begin to gather pollen.With the gently strip off of Xiao Hua petal, do not destroy petal, expose column cap and stamen flower pesticide, with sharp mouth tweezers gripping flower pesticide, be put in pollination usefulness in the culture dish.Check the flower pesticide quality, flower pesticide is placed in the palm that finger is rubbed gently, flower pesticide scatters easily, can observe that pollen is scattered, Powdered spreading upon on the palm, then can be used for pollination; If when gathering pollen, collection has dew, rainwater among the Xiao Hua, and perhaps flower pesticide is immature, rubs afterwards without pollen or few powder, all can not be used for pollination; Petal is withered to be shunk, and has lost flower, can not gather pollen.Gather the pollen that comes and be put in the culture dish, indicate kind with marking pen, can directly be used for pollinating.
3, Pollination Fertilization: pollination time is 8:00-10:00 at noon, and is fine, and without rainwater and dew aggegation, rainy day, strong wind weather are not awarded among the maternal Xiao Hua.The Xiao Hua petal opens, and slightly sees column cap, secretes honeydew on the column cap, is best pollination time.Female parent need not castrated, and dips pollen with writing brush and is coated with to maternal column cap.Pollination only need be carried out once, can smear 2-3 time.Pollination on the same day, next day, Xiao Hua lost flower, and petal is withered to be shunk, and finishes fertilization.Pineapple fruit after the pollination hangs up label and carries out mark.
4, fruit retention is got kind: the pineapple fruit full maturity after the protection pollination, and the full ripe hybridization fruit of gathering removes terminal bud and fruit base portion, is cut into the crescent fritter of 6-8 piece, and pericarp keeps 5 centimeters thick pulp, rejects pulp.Stir pulp on the pericarp with the tip tweezers, take out seed.To be loaded in the seed packet behind the hybrid seed collection of like combinations, cleaning, the natural air drying, be put in 4 ℃ for subsequent use.
Embodiment 2
1, the parent plants: select pineapple male parent and the female parent of merit, contemporaneity is planted the parental combination of different size specifications, plants the cacaine kind of 30 centimeters of plant heights April, plants simultaneously plant height and be queen's class of 15-20 centimetre as parental combination.Hybrid class parent plants, and can in conjunction with parents' proterties and plant strain growth gesture, regulate the florescence.When becoming the difficult kind work of flower maternal, should plant this product plant of a greater number.
2, gather pollen: when little when the flowers are in blossom to the middle part on the male parent, begin to gather pollen.With the gently strip off of Xiao Hua petal, do not destroy petal, expose column cap and stamen flower pesticide, with sharp mouth tweezers gripping flower pesticide, be put in pollination usefulness in the culture dish.Check the flower pesticide quality, flower pesticide is placed in the palm that finger is rubbed gently, flower pesticide scatters easily, can observe that pollen is scattered, Powdered spreading upon on the palm, then can be used for pollination; If when gathering pollen, collection has dew, rainwater among the Xiao Hua, and perhaps flower pesticide is immature, rubs afterwards without pollen or few powder, all can not be used for pollination; Petal is withered to be shunk, and has lost flower, can not gather pollen.Gather the pollen that comes and be put in the culture dish, indicate kind with marking pen, can directly be used for pollinating.
3, Pollination Fertilization: pollination time is 8:00-10:00 at noon, and is fine, and without rainwater and dew aggegation, rainy day, strong wind weather are not awarded among the maternal Xiao Hua.The Xiao Hua petal opens, and slightly sees column cap, secretes honeydew on the column cap, is best pollination time.Female parent need not castrated, and dips pollen with writing brush and is coated with to maternal column cap.Pollination only need be carried out once, can smear 2-3 time.Pollination on the same day, next day, Xiao Hua lost flower, and petal is withered to be shunk, and finishes fertilization.Pineapple fruit after the pollination hangs up label and carries out mark.
4, fruit retention is got kind: the pineapple fruit full maturity after the protection pollination, and the full ripe hybridization fruit of gathering removes terminal bud and fruit base portion, is cut into 68 crescent fritter, and pericarp keeps 5 centimeters thick pulp, rejects pulp.Stir pulp on the pericarp with the tip tweezers, take out seed.To be loaded in the seed packet behind the hybrid seed collection of like combinations, cleaning, the natural air drying, be put in 4 ℃ for subsequent use.
Example 3
3-4 month in 2006 was carried out each about 300 strain of reciprocal cross hybridization pollination work that make up " stingless cacaine and Bali " in south subtropics crop investigations institute Pineapple Germplasm garden and Zhanjiang land-reclaimable good harvest results branch companies of group company (former results farm), 10 of every strain pollination flower average out to.Gather in the crops totally 512 of hybridization fruits 6-7 month, obtain about 8000 of hybrid seed.Get the seed rate and be about 1.56/piece.
Example 4
In mid-March, 2007, carry out the reciprocal cross hybridization pollination of Bali and cacaine in south subtropics crop investigations institute Pineapple Germplasm garden, obtain altogether 238 of hybridization pineapple sarcocarps after the pollination, obtain about 5000 of hybrid seed.Get the seed rate and be about 2.1/piece.
Example 5
Spring in 2008 was carried out pineapple hybridization in south subtropics crop investigations institute Pineapple Germplasm garden, and totally 10 combinations obtain more than totally 23000 of hybrid seeds.Average that the seed rate is 2.77/piece.Each hybrid combination obtains seed number and gets the seed rate to be respectively: cacaine * Bali, and 10450 of hybrids get 2.13/piece of seed rates; Bali * cacaine, 3091 of hybrids get 2.4/piece of seed rates; Cacaine * gold bores, and 414 of hybrids get 1.07/piece of seed rates; Cacaine * honey is precious, and 6149 of hybrids get 2.29/piece of seed rates; Cacaine * very sweet, 556 of hybrids get 4/piece of seed rates; Cacaine * introduce a fine variety 1,242 of hybrids get 2.3/piece of seed rates; Cacaine * introduce a fine variety 2,110 of hybrids get 1.3/piece of seed rates; Cacaine * hybrid, 625 of hybrids get 1.65/piece of seed rates; Cacaine * Thailand pineapple, 1364 of hybrids get 8.8/piece of seed rates; Thailand pineapple * very sweet, 38 of hybrids get 1.8/piece of seed rates.
Example 6
Carried out pineapple hybridization in south subtropics crop investigations institute Pineapple Germplasm garden in 2009 and pollinate, totally 26 of hybrid combinations, about 500 fruits of pollination fruit obtain more than 120,000 of hybrid seeds, and are average that the seed rate is 2.4/piece.Each hybrid combination obtains seed number and gets the seed rate to be respectively: cacaine * Bali: 22817, and 3.04/piece; Bali * cacaine: 32128,3.57/piece; Cacaine * Thailand pineapple, 3753,7.55/piece; Cacaine * very sweet: 2066,2.9/piece; Cacaine * stripping grain pineapple: 182,1.33/piece; Cacaine * honey is precious: 43485, and 3.62/piece; Honey treasured * cacaine: 801,2.67/piece; Cacaine * Indonesia is stingless: 34, and 0.19/piece; Cacaine * honey bright:65 grain, 0.65/piece; Cacaine * Fresh Premium:304 grain, 2.03/piece; Bali * Alexandria:1914 grain, 4.25/piece; Bali * perfume: 68,0.37/piece; Bali * soft touch:110 grain, 0.54/piece; Red top seedling * apple: 6215,4.44/piece; Red top seedling * Ripley Queen:607 grain, 2.70/piece; Red top seedling * Golden Winter Sweet:1833 grain, 2.44/piece; Honey treasured * Guangdong is crisp: 6515, and 6.52/piece; Guangdong is crisp * and honey is precious: 1032,5.16/piece; Pearl * honey is precious: 204, and 2.27/piece; Gold brill * red top seedling: 630,2.1/piece; Draw * the Taiwan spinosity in Hainan: 12, and 0.16/piece; Apple * Guangdong is crisp: 10, and 0.1/piece; Guangdong is crisp * cacaine: and 5,0.07/piece; Taiwan is stingless * the Taiwan spinosity: and 268,2.23/piece; Draw in spinosity * Hainan, Taiwan: 166, and 0.55/piece; Thailand draws * perfume: 121, and 1.38/piece.
Claims (2)
1. a pineapple hybridization method is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) rationally plants the parent: the pineapple Parent is carried out simple classification, be divided into cacaine class, queen's class and hybrid class, select the Parents of different lines to hybridize, then the parent is planted according to different sizes, regulate in conjunction with parents' proterties and plant growing way, make the flower synchronization of Parent flowering naturally;
(2) gather pollen: little when the flowers are in blossom to the middle part on the male parent, begin to gather pollen, with tweezers gripping flower pesticide, be put in the culture dish, treat that pollination uses;
(3) Pollination Fertilization: select sunny weather, noon 8:00-l0:00 time, the Xiao Hua petal opens, and slightly sees column cap, secretes honeydew on the column cap, at this moment pollinates, the pollen that dips in the culture dish with writing brush is coated with to maternal column cap, pollinates;
(4) fruit retention is got kind: the full ripe hybridization fruit of gathering, remove terminal bud and fruit base portion, and be cut into 6-8 piece crescent fritter, pericarp keeps 5 centimeters thick pulp, reject pulp, stir pulp on the pericarp with tweezers, take out seed, clean, be loaded on behind the natural air drying in the bag, for subsequent use;
Described parent plants the pineapple that refers to equal-specification according to different sizes, and the cacaine class will shift to an earlier date plantation in 2-3 month than queen's class; Refer to that perhaps contemporaneity plants the parental combination of different size specifications, plant the cacaine class of 30 centimeters of plant heights April, plant simultaneously plant height and be queen's class of 15-20 centimetre as parental combination.
2. according to the described a kind of pineapple hybridization method of claim l, it is characterized in that: described Pollination Fertilization carries out once, and pollen is smeared 2-3 time.
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| CN103348911A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-10-16 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Artificial mango crossbreeding method |
| CN114391472B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-10-28 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Method for improving hybrid seed setting rate of pineapple |
| CN115362932A (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2022-11-22 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Pineapple film-covering moisture-proof hybridization method |
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| US8863A (en) * | 1852-04-06 | Mechanism for actuating ast adjustable eccentric | ||
| CN1064188A (en) * | 1991-02-20 | 1992-09-09 | 绿健生态学研究所 | Pineapple fruit, the method for pineapple fruit core and plantation pineapple plant |
| CN1418460A (en) * | 2002-12-11 | 2003-05-21 | 黄立海 | Method for cultivating pineapple |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| USPP8863P (en) * | 1993-08-23 | 1994-08-16 | Del Monte Fresh Produce N.A., Inc. | Pineapple plant named `CO-2` |
| JP2007252305A (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2007-10-04 | Mt Kitanglad Agri Development Corp | Pineapple plant, raising method for the same, and fruit |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8863A (en) * | 1852-04-06 | Mechanism for actuating ast adjustable eccentric | ||
| CN1064188A (en) * | 1991-02-20 | 1992-09-09 | 绿健生态学研究所 | Pineapple fruit, the method for pineapple fruit core and plantation pineapple plant |
| CN1418460A (en) * | 2002-12-11 | 2003-05-21 | 黄立海 | Method for cultivating pineapple |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| JP特开2007－252305A 2007.10.04 |
| 吕玲玲等."菠萝杂交授粉及杂交种子的组培试验研究".《西北农业学报》.2006,第15卷(第3期),第145－148页. |
| 吕玲玲等."菠萝杂交授粉及杂交种子的组培试验研究".《西北农业学报》.2006,第15卷(第3期),第145-148页. * |
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