CN102715075A - Method for performing artificial crossbreeding without removing stamen from catalpa bungei and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for performing artificial crossbreeding without removing stamen from catalpa bungei and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102715075A CN102715075A CN2012101731202A CN201210173120A CN102715075A CN 102715075 A CN102715075 A CN 102715075A CN 2012101731202 A CN2012101731202 A CN 2012101731202A CN 201210173120 A CN201210173120 A CN 201210173120A CN 102715075 A CN102715075 A CN 102715075A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for performing artificial crossbreeding without removing stamen from catalpa bungei. The method particularly comprises the following steps: (1) collecting pollen: collecting anther before the anther of the catalpa bungei is mature and does not crack, drying the anther indoors at the room temperature of 20 to 22 DEG C and collecting pollen after the anther cracks; and (2) performing artificial pollination: when the stamen of each flower of catalpa bungei is mature, the stigma is opened in a reverse V shape and the surface has milk white luster, lightly touching with hands or shaking catkin and quickly closing to perform artificial pollination. By the method, the artificial pollination is properly performed by selecting the optimum pollination time at the appropriate air temperature and under the clear, windless or breeze condition, so that a seed tree can be fertilized successfully and fructify a large number for fruits, and the requirements of scientific research and production can be met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant breeding, relate in particular to a kind of plant hybridization breeding technique.
Background technology
Chinese catalpa (Catalpa bungei) is Bignoniaceae (Bignoniaceae) Catalpa (Catalpa Scop.); Fallen leaves, high megaphanerophyte; Originate in China, adaptability is strong, mainly is distributed in provinces and regions such as Henan, Hubei, Anhui, Shandong, Shanxi; Cultivation history is long, is the precious high-quality commerical tree species and the famous ornamental plantation seeds of China's traditional cultivation.But natural wild very few, in its distribution, except that there was the natural forest of the many generation germinatings of small pieces in indivedual places, the overwhelming majority was that tame " four is other " plants trees.Chinese catalpa is an entomophilous flower, and self-sterility, maybe be owing to lacking pollination medium, so it is solid to be difficult to pollination under the nature.
Chinese catalpa afforestation or tree planting for a long time all is to adopt apogamic seedling, and nursery stock mainly breeds through the mode of root turion breeding or underground layering vernalization.There is following shortcoming at least in above-mentioned propagation technique: 1. can't formulate excellent new germ plasm, be difficult to satisfy the production demand; 2. the nursery stock genetic diversity is poor, is difficult to meet afforestation bio-diversity principle.
Summary of the invention
Self-sterility in order to solve Chinese catalpa, lack pollination medium, and the solid problem of under nature, can't pollinating the object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of Chinese catalpa is not castrated, the method for artificial hybridization breeding.
In order to realize the object of the invention, a kind of Chinese catalpa provided by the invention is not castrated, the method for artificial hybridization breeding, and it specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) collects pollen
To florescence kind early, treat that Chinese catalpa flower pesticide maturation also do not collect flower pesticide before the cracking, it is 20-22 ℃ indoor drying in the shade in room temperature that flower pesticide is collected the back, pollen is collected in the flower pesticide back of splitting; Also can before pollination, carry out flower pesticide to later kind of florescence collects;
(2) artificial pollination
Ripe when Chinese catalpa flower gynoecium, column cap opens and is " eight " font, and the surface has milky gloss, touches with have gentle hands, or rocks titbit, and artificial pollination is carried out in then quick-make this moment.
Said method also comprises the result's that pollinates judgement: pollinate after 3-5 hour, if column cap merges and the wilting phenomenon, then show and pollinate successfully.
Said method further comprises: pollinate after 3-5 hour, if column cap opens, show that pollination is unsuccessful, need to pollinate again at the next morning 9:00-11:00.
The time of collecting flower pesticide in the step (1) is preferably April 20 to May 12; The flower pesticide of collecting is preferably the flower pesticide bulging, and the surface is creamy white, and has the flower pesticide of shinny gloss.Pollen needs 4 ℃ and keeps in Dark Place, and the holding time is in 1 week, does not influence the pollen vigor.
The time of artificial pollination is preferably April 20 to May 15 in the step (2), or is full-bloom stage when the quantity of blooming on the plant reaches 50%; Pollination is preferably 9:00-11:00 in the morning opportunity; The pollination environmental condition is preferably: temperature 14-16 ℃, relative moisture 40-45%, sunny, calm or gentle breeze.
The present invention also provides the application of said method in the Chinese catalpa breed.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Chinese catalpa provided by the invention is not castrated, the artificial hybridization method, owing to select best pollination time section, temperature is suitable; Sunny, calm or breeze conditions suitablely carries out artificial pollination, and elite stand successfully is fertilized; Solid in a large number, its ripening rate is more than 20%, thereby it is required to satisfy research and production.
Compare pollinating method of the present invention with other Chinese catalpa artificial hybridization pollination: to morning flower variety gather pollen, and preserve, need not carry out the short flower of manual work, promptly need not with morning flower variety shift to an earlier date the clip spray, be lower than cultivation under the environment of room temperature.Because the store method of the time of collection pollen, the maturity of pollen and pollen is most important to the influence of pollen vigor, so suitable pollen acquisition time and store method are to keep the pollen vigor, guarantees one of deciding factor of maternal normal fertilization; Gynoecium state and environmental condition that the present invention has selected optimum to carry out artificial pollination are to guarantee the best fertilization status of gynoecium, another deciding factor that success is fertilized; The present invention proposes the pollinate direct observation of effect of the flower after the pollination, changed and repeated the mode of pollinating in the past, both can effectively reduce labour intensity, can guarantee the efficient of pollinating again.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to explain the present invention, but are not used for limiting scope of the present invention.Under the situation that does not deviate from the present invention's spirit and essence, modification or replacement to the inventive method, step or condition are done all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
If do not specialize the conventional means that used technological means is well known to those skilled in the art among the embodiment.
Embodiment 1
3 individual plants selecting Yanshi City, Henan Province Chinese catalpa pilot forest in 2010 are maternal, are male parent with 2 individual plants, carry out artificial pollination, specifically may further comprise the steps:
1 pollen is collected
Chinese catalpa generally is to bloom later on April 20 in Yanshi City.But, cause flowering time to postpone 1 time-of-week because spring temperature in 2010 is on the low side.After May 1, Chinese catalpa bloomed, the growth of in time observing flower pesticide changed, and on May-6 on the 5th, the surface was creamy white, and has shinny gloss when the flower pesticide bulging, but carried out the collection of flower pesticide when not ftractureing.With medical tweezers flower pesticide is taken from stamen gently, placed clean glass culture dish (size of culture dish is according to how many selections of gathering pollen amount), avoid the sunlight direct projection.Then pollen is placed in the air-conditioned room and dry in the shade, room temperature is controlled at 20-22 ℃.After drying in the shade pollen being put into 4 ℃ refrigerator preserves.
2 artificial pollinations
May 7 and 8 days, plant reached full-bloom stage, and is fine, calm, and the morning, 9:00-11:00 carried out artificial pollination, and temperature is 16 ℃, and relative moisture reaches 40-45%.
Before the pollination, at first make pollinating tool.Use pocket knife that rubber is cut into the cuboid that specification is 0.4 * 0.4 * 0.6cm, then rubber bumper is pricked on toothpick by long limit.
Select the column cap shape to be the flower pollination on the more titbit of the ripe gynoecium of " eight " font.Pinch toothpick with hand thumb and forefinger, left hand is taken the culture dish that pollen is housed, and gets pollen so that the end face of rubber bumper is sticking, puts down culture dish then, and left hand is gently held the spray of pollination titbit, and pollen is applied on the column cap gently.The flower of statistics pollination at last quantity, and hang label.Pollinate and check the flower of pollination after 4 hours, if column cap opens, showing that pollination is unsuccessful, the next morning, 9:00-11:00 pollinated again.The pollination ripening rate is seen table 1.
Table 1 artificial hybridization pollination ripening rate statistics
Embodiment 2
4 individual plants selecting Tianshui, Gansu Province Chinese catalpa pilot forest in 2009 are maternal, are male parent with 4 individual plants, carry out artificial pollination, specifically may further comprise the steps:
1 pollen is collected and is preserved
Chinese catalpa generally is to bloom later on May 5 in the Tianshui, and after May 7, Chinese catalpa bloomed, the growth of in time observing flower pesticide changed, and May 11, the surface was creamy white, and has shinny gloss when the flower pesticide bulging, but carries out the collection of flower pesticide when not ftractureing.With medical tweezers flower pesticide is taken from stamen gently, placed clean glass culture dish (size of culture dish is according to how many selections of gathering pollen amount), avoid the sunlight direct projection.Then pollen is placed in the air-conditioned room and dry in the shade, room temperature is controlled at 20-22 ℃.After drying in the shade pollen being put into 4 ℃ refrigerator preserves.
2 artificial pollinations
May 12 is fine, calm, and the morning, 9:00-11:00 carried out artificial pollination, and temperature is 14 ℃, and relative moisture is 40-45%.
Before the pollination, at first make pollinating tool.Use pocket knife that rubber is cut into the cuboid that specification is 0.4 * 0.4 * 0.6cm, then rubber bumper is pricked on toothpick by long limit.
Select the column cap shape to be the flower pollination on the more titbit of the ripe gynoecium of " eight " font.Pinch toothpick with hand thumb and forefinger, left hand is taken the culture dish that pollen is housed, and gets pollen so that the end face of rubber bumper is sticking, puts down culture dish then, and left hand is gently held the spray of pollination titbit, and pollen is applied on the column cap gently.The flower of statistics pollination at last quantity, and hang label.Pollinate and check the flower of pollination after 4 hours, if column cap opens, showing that pollination is unsuccessful, the next morning, 9:00-11:00 pollinated again.The pollination ripening rate is seen table 2.
Table 2 artificial hybridization pollination ripening rate statistics
Embodiment 3
4 individual plants selecting Tianshui, Gansu Province Chinese catalpa pilot forest in 2011 are maternal, are male parent with 3 individual plants, carry out artificial pollination, specifically may further comprise the steps:
1 pollen is collected and is preserved
Chinese catalpa generally is to bloom later on May 5 in the Tianshui,, after May 7, Chinese catalpa bloomed, the growth of in time observing flower pesticide changed, and 10-11 day in May, the surface was creamy white, and has shinny gloss when the flower pesticide bulging, but carried out the collection of flower pesticide when not ftractureing.With medical tweezers flower pesticide is taken from stamen gently, placed clean glass culture dish (size of culture dish is according to how many selections of gathering pollen amount), avoid the sunlight direct projection.Then pollen is placed in the air-conditioned room and dry in the shade, room temperature is controlled at 20-22 ℃.After drying in the shade pollen being put into 4 ℃ refrigerator preserves.
2 artificial pollinations
May 12 is fine, calm, and the morning, 9:00-11:00 carried out artificial pollination, and temperature is 16 ℃, and relative moisture is 40-45%.
Before the pollination, at first make pollinating tool.Use pocket knife that rubber is cut into the cuboid that specification is 0.4 * 0.4 * 0.6cm, then rubber bumper is pricked on toothpick by long limit.
Select the column cap shape to be the flower pollination on the more titbit of the ripe gynoecium of " eight " font.Pinch toothpick with hand thumb and forefinger, left hand is taken the culture dish that pollen is housed, and gets pollen so that the end face of rubber bumper is sticking, puts down culture dish then, and left hand is gently held the spray of pollination titbit, and pollen is applied on the column cap gently.The flower of statistics pollination at last quantity, and hang label.Pollinate and check the flower of pollination after 4 hours, if column cap opens, showing that pollination is unsuccessful, the next morning, 9:00-11:00 pollinated again.The pollination ripening rate is seen table 3.
Table 3 artificial hybridization pollination ripening rate statistics
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from know-why of the present invention; Can also make some improvement and retouching, these improvement and retouching also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
- A Chinese catalpa do not castrate, the method for artificial hybridization breeding, it specifically may further comprise the steps:(1) collects pollenTreat that Chinese catalpa flower pesticide maturation also do not collect flower pesticide before the cracking, it is 20-22 ℃ indoor drying in the shade in room temperature that flower pesticide is collected the back, and pollen is collected in the flower pesticide back of splitting;(2) artificial pollinationRipe when Chinese catalpa flower gynoecium, column cap opens and is " eight " font, and the surface has milky gloss, touches with have gentle hands, or rocks titbit, and artificial pollination is carried out in then quick-make this moment.
- 2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the time of collecting flower pesticide in the step (1) is that April 20 was to May 12.
- 3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the flower pesticide of collecting in the step (1) is the flower pesticide bulging, and the surface is creamy white, and has the flower pesticide of shinny gloss.
- 4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the pollen of collecting in the step (1) keeps in Dark Place at 4 ℃.
- 5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (2) time of artificial pollination be April 20 to May 15, or be full-bloom stage when the quantity of blooming on the plant reaches 50%.
- 6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, pollination opportunity is 9:00-11:00 in the morning in the step (2).
- 7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the pollination environmental condition is in the step (2): temperature 14-16 ℃, relative moisture 40-45%, sunny, calm or gentle breeze.
- 8. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises the result's that pollinates judgement: pollinate after 3-5 hour, if column cap merges and the wilting phenomenon, then show and pollinate successfully.
- 9. method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, further comprises: pollinate after 3-5 hour, if column cap opens, show that pollination is unsuccessful, need to pollinate again at the next morning 9:00-11:00.
- 10. any application of said method in the Chinese catalpa breed of claim 1-9.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN102939898A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-02-27 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Method for catalpa bungei clonal seed selection |
| CN103190344A (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2013-07-10 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Tissue culture method of fargesii |
| CN108935076A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-07 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | A method of improving Chinese catalpa artificial hybridization breeding efficiency and quality |
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| CN1543779A (en) * | 2003-11-12 | 2004-11-10 | 北京市通州张家湾果菜技术开发中心 | Asexual rapid reproduction method of cuttage for Catalpa bungei C. A. Mey. green branch |
| CN101103702A (en) * | 2007-08-24 | 2008-01-16 | 东北林业大学 | Excised reproduction method for mountain ash |
| CN101161049A (en) * | 2007-11-12 | 2008-04-16 | 王新建 | A cultivate mode of catalpa bungei vegetative propagation |
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| CN1543779A (en) * | 2003-11-12 | 2004-11-10 | 北京市通州张家湾果菜技术开发中心 | Asexual rapid reproduction method of cuttage for Catalpa bungei C. A. Mey. green branch |
| CN101103702A (en) * | 2007-08-24 | 2008-01-16 | 东北林业大学 | Excised reproduction method for mountain ash |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102939898A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-02-27 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Method for catalpa bungei clonal seed selection |
| CN102939898B (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2014-07-09 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Method for catalpa bungei clonal seed selection |
| CN103190344A (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2013-07-10 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Tissue culture method of fargesii |
| CN103190344B (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2015-01-07 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Tissue culture method of fargesii |
| CN108935076A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-07 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | A method of improving Chinese catalpa artificial hybridization breeding efficiency and quality |
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Application publication date: 20121010 |