JP2007252305A - Pineapple plant, raising method for the same, and fruit - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new kind of pineapple plant producing further sweet (high brix) stable acidity, hardly becoming fruit disease by parasite, further tolerant or resistant to physiological disorder called as internal browning, and having even yellow color and excellent fruit appearance after freezing. <P>SOLUTION: This pineapple plant is highly resistant to Phytophtora heart rot caused by Phytophtora, and highly resistant to seedling butt rot caused by Ceratocystis, and highly resistant to Erwina bacterial collapse. A pineapple plant raising method comprises proliferating the plant by stem cutting or asexual reproduction. Fruits of the pineapple plant are also provided. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a pineapple plant, its growing method and fruit. More particularly, the present invention relates to a new and unique variety of Bromeliaceae, a pineapple family, which occurs in natural mating and clones that occur in mixed pineapple hybrid plantings belonging to smooth cayenne. The present invention relates to a pineapple plant selected from a mixed species population derived from selection, its growing method and fruit. Therefore, the true mating mother of this new hybrid cannot be confirmed. Pineapples are self-incompatible, meaning that when one separate variety is planted as a single population, it usually does not cross or self-pollinate, and therefore does not produce seed. Pineapples produce seeds only from breeding between two different varieties or natural cross pollination, resulting in the production of viable seeds that grow into different cultivars or hybrids.

  Specimens selected from the progenies of natural mating are Faustino P. p. Cultivated in the nursery at the time of discovery by Dr. Faustino P. Obrero, since then new varieties have been developed in the same nursery through the use of plant stem growth and asexual parts taken from the specimen. Reproductively regenerated.

  Smooth Skyen pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a major commercial pineapple variety grown in the Philippines, Hawaii and other pineapple growing areas around the world. The hybrid clone contains over 50 percent of the smooth skyen gene, but is associated with a smooth skyen pineapple that has been altered using cross-pollination.

The general object of the present invention is to produce a sweeter (high Brix), stable acidity, less susceptible to fruit disease by parasites, more tolerant or resistant to a physiological disorder called internal browning, uniform It is to provide a new kind of pineapple having a yellow color and having a good fruit appearance after refrigerated storage.
Other objects of the present invention are pineapple plant diseases, in particular Phytophtora heart and root rot, root rot, petiole root rot, Ceratocystis seedling rot and fruit rot. To provide a new species that is resistant to butt rot and fruit rot, Erwina bacterial collapse and produces an acceptable yield of the latest pineapple available for sale.
A new commercially up-to-date pineapple hybrid known as Del Monte Gold or PRI 73114 (also known as Sweetio, Honey) is susceptible to the above diseases.

The present invention provides the following pineapple plant, its growing method and fruit.
1. Bromeliaceae, Ananas pineapple plant having the following characteristics:
Plant disease resistance: High resistance to phytoftora heart rot caused by phytoftora, high resistance to seedling rot caused by seratocystis, high resistance to erwinia bacterial depression.
2. A method for growing a pineapple plant according to the above 1, characterized in that the plant according to the above 1 is sown and propagated or asexually propagated.
3. The pineapple plant according to 1 or the fruit of a pineapple plant produced by the method according to 2 above.
4). 3. A pineapple plant according to 1 or a pineapple plant produced by the method according to 2 above.
5). Roots of a pineapple plant according to the above 1 or a pineapple plant produced by the method according to the above 2.
6). A pineapple plant according to 1 or a crown of a pineapple plant produced by the method according to 2 above.
7). The pineapple plant of said 1 or the pineapple plant cuttings produced by the method of said 2 above.

  The new pineapple plant of the present invention has higher sugar content, unique mixed tropical flavor, less pigmented edible pulp, thicker upright leaves, and smaller fruit shell eyes, high density and more texture It differs from conventional pineapple plants in that it has fine edible pulp. That is, the pineapple plants of the present invention are Cayenne clones used for both canned and fresh markets, and for the present inventors as Hawaii Pineapple Research Institute (PRI) hybrids 73-50 (Hawaii CO-2) and 73-114. The inventor has confirmed through continuous growth that it is distinctly different from other pineapple hybrids known especially as Del Monte Gold in the commercial market or for a time as MD2.

  The following is the inventor's nursery in San Miguel, Manolo Fortich, Bukidnon, and commercial farmland in Lurugan, Valencia City, Bukidnon, Philippines field), a description of a new general population grown from asexual parts of a new pineapple plant, made during the inflorescence development period in February, April and June 2004.

Detailed plant descriptionName: Ananas Comosus species, variety `` Precious ''
Parent plant:
I. Seed mother: unknown
II. Pollen mother: unknown Cayen clones and hybrids between various pineapple hybrids

Origin: Mixed natural mating of various pineapple hybrids, 73114 (Del Monte Gold) and 7350 (Hawaii CO2) and Cayenne clone 74, Dole F200, Champaka 153.

Classification:
I. Botany: Bromeliaceae or pineapple family
II. Subfamily: Bromeliaceae, Bromeliad, Comosas species, variety precious
III. Commercial: Bromeliaceae, Bromeliad, Comosas species, variety precious

Morphology: Rotate rosettes surrounding complex inflorescences (during flowering period) overlap with sessile leaves, forming 2 to 5 rooting branches (oyster seedlings and “hapas”) starting during or after flowering period And terrestrial (in cultivation) with a dominant branch (or fruit-forming shoot) that produces the crop following the initial fruit harvest. Hapas is a branch that grows upward and is higher than the shoot and below the inflorescence (FIG. 2).

Stem:
I. Overview: Short, upright, wrapped by overlapping leaves, each leaf bud has dormant buds.
II. Stem texture (texture): Hairless, fleshy
III. Stem size:
A) Length (above ground): Usually between 20 cm and 29 cm in flowering period,
B) Diameter: between 5.8 cm and 8.0 cm on the ground, and between 6.6 cm and 6.9 cm 5 cm above the ground during the flowering period.
IV. Stem shape: Cylindrical, somewhat tapered to a smaller diameter on the ground.

leaf:
I. Overview: Close-contacted leafless layers overlap to form a high density rosette, and the outer shape of the longitudinal section is roughly heart-shaped. 30 to 50 leaves have 5/10 phyllophytes.
II. Leaf texture:
A) Upper epidermis region: In the upper epidermis region (excluding the tip of the leaf), hairless semi-rigid and grooved (or concave),
B) Lower epidermis region: There are fine horizontal stripes (vertically), which appear to be covered with a white bran layer composed of scale-like hairy protrusions.
III. Inflorescence: Alternating rosettes.
IV. Leaf rim: A surface that is rarely found in irregularly spaced, small triangular hooks and spines, usually located at the bottom of the leaf.

V. Vein: Parallel and unclear.
VI. Leaf shape: The leaf is not a uniform shape, but varies depending on the position of the leaf on the stem. The base or the oldest leaf is in the form of a skin needle, but the base is quite broad. The width between the non-chlorophyll part (base part) and the chlorophyll part (or main part) of the leaf is clearly narrowed. The longest or most mature leaf is in the form of a needle, but the base does not have an arcuate enlargement of the previous leaf. The remaining leaves (or the central leaves of the plant rosette) are in the form of skin needles with no widening to individual bases.
VII. Leaf size (D-leaf measurement):
A) Length: D-leaves are usually between 97 cm and 121 cm, these leaves are from the middle of the stem between 77 cm and 110 cm.
B) Width: In the middle leaf region of the longest leaf, it is usually between 4.8 cm and 5.8 cm, and the extended footpad usually has a maximum width of 7.2 cm to 13.0 cm.
C) Thickness: In the longest leaf, it is usually 2.0 mm to 3.0 mm in the intermediate leaf region, and the edge tapers laterally from 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm, but 1.0 mm near the tip. And slightly thinner.
D-leaf is the maximum height, or the longest leaf, when all leaves are held upright. It is a leaf that is used to measure the height of a pineapple plant and to determine the nutritional status of the plant.

VIII. Leaf color:
A) Upper epidermis surface: Summary: Purple green, olive green, and red-green hues dominate the color, and this hue is assimilated to the hues that dominate from purple-green to red-brown at the tip of the leaf . The color of the foot area is dominated by green-yellow and light-green hues. 2. Chlorophyll foot area: usually light green yellow. 3. Intermediate leaf area: usually green, reddish brown, and magenta. 4). Leaf tip region: usually greenish olive, red, and / or greenish purple.
B) Lower skin surface: Outline: Usually, olive green to reddish olive green, and the foot area is greenish white. 2. Lower epidermis surface: A rough surface that blurs the color that is usually olive green and / or greyish olive green.

Inflorescence
I. Overview: For mixed flowers with 134 (8 packs) to 165 (6 packs) fruit per inflorescence, a long inflorescence approximately 21.6 cm in length was found in the apical meristem. Each amphibian flower consists of 4 sepals, 6 stamens, 1 stigma, and 3 petals. This inflorescence is self-incompatible and partly and fruitfully produces edible fruits.
II. Texture: Hairless and fleshy
III. Shape: An egg shape with a slightly raised flower with a distinctive red-green crown. The crown area is short and upright when flowering.
IV. Size and color: Ananas Comosas L. Equivalent to email (L.mer.) Specimen.

fruit:
I. Fruit size: Usually 0.6 kg to 2.2 kg weight with an average fruit weight of 1.5 kg during the first harvest.
II. Fruit shape: Slightly tapered in egg shape with small fruit compared to smooth skyen and MD2 or CO2. Middle crown with thicker, harder leaves than smooth skyen and MD2.
III. How to attach: Fruits usually develop from plant apical meristems on long inflorescences of 18 to 21 cm in length.
IV. Plant disease resistance: Compared to MD2 or Delmonte Gold, it is more resistant to phytoftora heart rot caused by Phytophtora cinamomi and Phytophtora parasitica, and Seratocystis paradoxus It is highly resistant to seedling rot (butt-rot) caused by (Ceratocystis paradoxa). It is also resistant to Ervinia bacterial depression compared to susceptible MD2 (Dermonte Gold).
V. Taste Test Record: According to taste tests in nurseries and farmland, 75% of the group preferred the appearance and texture of the flesh over MD2 (Dermonte Gold) and 92.5% preferred the taste. It was ranked first among the five other newly selected fruits, while MD2 was ranked third.
VI. Color: Yellow-orange (shell color 5) in matured mature stage.
VII. Fruit density: higher density flesh or low porosity compared to MD2.
VIII. Brix level: typically 18 ° to 21 ° (16 ° low to 23 ° height)
IX. Total acidity level: typically 0.6 to 0.8 / 100 milliliters.
X. Vitamin C content: usually low at 5.6 to 8.6 mg / 100 ml (or about 3 to 4 times lower than MD2).

  The following items are general descriptions of new plants grown from new growth branches in the nurseries in San Miguel, Manolo Fortic, and Bukidnon.

A. Plant height at 12 months of age: 107 cm above ground
Stem length: 33cm
Stem diameter: about 8.0cm at the base
leaf:
Number: 39 sheets Length: 105cm with the longest leaf
Width (maximum leaf): middle leaf (maximum); 5.2 cm; foot area (maximum)
Large): 10.1cm
Thickness: About 2.3mm along the axis
Color: light purpleish green

B. Whole fruit weight (gram unit): 1,500 (660 to 2200)
Length (in millimeters): 195 (140 to 250)
Width (in millimeters): 115mm to 220mm
Thickness (in millimeters): 95mm to 145mm
Shape (egg, sphere, etc.): Egg shape slightly tapered

Pericarp
Skin color (yellow, orange, red, etc.): Yellow-orange texture at full maturity (smooth, rough): Slightly rough thickness (in millimeters): 10
Weight (grams if applicable): 760-800

Pulp
Thickness (in millimeters): Diameter 92 (82-150)
Color (white, yellow, etc.): Pale yellow texture (soft, dazzling, smooth, hard): Hard juicy (dry, juicy): Juicy fiber (none, slightly, large amount): Many fibers (large amount), Texture is Soft aroma (none, moderate, strength): moderate total soluble solid or ° Brix: 16 ° to 23 °
Flavor (eg, sour, slightly sour, sweet): sweet and sour (good mix of sweet and sour)
Edible part (%): 45%

An example of the plant of the present invention is shown below.
Plant age: 12 months after initial growth.
Plant diameter: about 164 cm between the tips of opposing leaves at the midpoint.
Plant height: 107 cm above the ground.
Stem:
I. Length: 33cm
II. Diameter: about 8.0cm at the base
leaf:
I. Number: 39 sheets
II. Length: 105cm with the longest leaf
III. Width (maximum leaf): Intermediate leaf (maximum); 5.2 cm; Foot area (maximum): 10.1 cm
IV. Thickness: about 2.3 mm along the axis.
V. Color: light purple green Inflorescence: lack

  1 to 7 show typical specimens and fruits of the new pineapple of the present invention in the flowering period.

Asexual (nutritive) reproduction of pineapple Planted in a commercial pineapple plantation using the asexual planting material shown in Figure 8, ie, sucker, crown, slips, hapas I do. These materials are collected from the parent plant shown in FIG. 2 and directly planted in the field as shown in FIG. This is repeated for several new plantings over several years. This plant satisfies the characteristics of typical, true-to-type, hybrid properties of the present invention, for example, fruit characteristics of varieties such as fruit shape, hull, fresh color, and texture Fruit is always produced (FIG. 10).
Forced asexual propagation of the novel hybrids of the present invention is called micro- or macro-cutting. As shown in FIG. 11, after cutting the crown or tip, depending on the size of the crown or tip, about 12 to 18 sections, planting it on the nursery and growing for about 10 months, Plant in the field. Plants produced by this method also produce fruits that are typical of true-to-type and satisfy the characteristics of the hybrid of the present invention, as is the case with roots and crowns. .

Comparative test of resistance of pineapple plant “Precious” and Delmonte Gold (MD2) to phytoftora heart rot, bacterial depression and petiole butt rot Heart rot caused by Phytophtora, Erwinia chestnut Bacterial depression caused by Santemi (Erwinia chrysanthemi) and petiole rot caused by Ceratocystis paradoxa (Thielaviopsis paradoxa) are the three major diseases of pineapples worldwide. The fruit of the currently distributed variety called Delmonte Gold (MD2) is very sensitive to these diseases in the field. When the pH of the soil exceeds 5.3, the lethality due to heart rot 3 to 4 months after planting is 40 to 60%, and reaches 80 to 90% by harvest (FIG. 12). ). When the temperature of the field exceeds 30 ° C., bacterial depression usually becomes serious, and the mortality rate reaches 40-60% in the affected area (FIG. 13). Petiole base rot causes corrosion of the base of the planting material, causing serious damage to planting in the rainy season (FIG. 14).
In contrast, the new pineapple “Precious” of the present invention is extremely resistant to such diseases (lower right of FIG. 13 and FIG. 15).

It is the photograph which shows the growth stage of the pineapple "precious" of this invention, and is typical at the time of harvest 1 month (upper left), 2 weeks before harvest (upper right), 1 week before harvest (lower left), and at the time of harvest (lower right), respectively. The appearance of a typical fruit is shown. FIG. 3 is a photograph showing three to six “hapas” (used as planting material) at the midpoint of the stem, typical features of the pineapple “precious” of the present invention. It is the photograph of the plant group which attached the fruit of the pineapple "precious" of this invention. Photograph showing crown or tip (top photo) showing purple coloration in leaf center from base to tip of novel pineapple “Precious” of the present invention compared to hybrid MD2 and standard Cayenne species ( (Photo below). Pineapple "Precious" of the present invention surrounded by MD2 commercial planting in Lulogan, Valencia, Bukidnon, Philippines (with purple leaves marked "1" in the upper photo frame and lower photo) ) It is a photograph which shows the external appearance of the immature (left) and maturity fruit (center) of the pineapple "Precious" of this invention, and the maturity fruit (right) of the present commercial hybrid MD2. The fruits of the present invention are oval and have smaller eyes or fruit than hybrid MD2. FIG. 2 is a photograph of the pineapple “Precious” of the present invention showing a smooth shell with small eyes covered with a bran-like layer composed of scale-like hairy projections. It is the photograph which shows the asexual planting material of a pineapple, and shows the pineapple fruit (upper stage) which attached the crown part (or front-end | tip) for planting, a crown part (or front-end | tip) (lower left), and a root suck (lower right). The crown (or tip) and roots of pineapple are shown (left photo), and the photos are shown one month after planting the crown and three months after planting the root (right photo). Fruits of the pineapple “Precious” of the present invention regenerated from roots (upper), MD2 or Del Monte Gold fruits (middle) and pineapple “Precious” of the present invention and MD2 or Del Monte Gold fruits (lower) It is a photograph of. It is a photograph explaining forcing asexual propagation of the pineapple “Precious” of the present invention, the crown (or tip) is cut into small sections (upper), and this is planted in a nursery (middle), and growth after 3 months It is a photograph which shows a state (lower stage). It is a photograph of Del Monte Gold (MD2) infected with a heart rot caused by phytoftora (Phytophtora parasitica). When Del Monte Gold (MD2) is very vulnerable to this disease (upper stage) and the pH of the soil is high It is a photograph showing that the effect of phytoftora heart rot becomes serious (bottom). A photo of Del Monte Gold (MD2) suffering from a bacterial depression caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi, where Del Monte Gold (MD2) is very vulnerable to the disease (upper and lower left), In contrast, the pineapple “Precious” of the present invention planted close to this Del Monte Gold (MD2) shows that it is not affected by any disease (lower right). Shows MD2 fruit base rot (left) and plant material (crown or tip) base rot (right) caused by Ceratocystis paradoxa (Thielaviopsis paradoxa) It is a photograph. It is a photograph which shows that the crown part of the pineapple "precious" of this invention has not received the disease by seratocystis paradoxa.

Claims (7)

Bromeliaceae, Ananas pineapple plant having the following characteristics:
Plant disease resistance: High resistance to phytoftora heart rot caused by phytoftora, high resistance to seedling rot caused by seratocystis, high resistance to erwinia bacterial depression.   A method for growing a pineapple plant according to claim 1, wherein the plant according to claim 1 is sown and proliferated or asexually propagated.   The pineapple plant according to claim 1 or the fruit of a pineapple plant produced by the method according to claim 2.   A pineapple plant according to claim 1 or a pineapple plant hapas produced by the method according to claim 2.   Roots of a pineapple plant according to claim 1 or a pineapple plant produced by the method according to claim 2.   A crown of a pineapple plant according to claim 1 or a pineapple plant produced by the method according to claim 2.   A pineapple plant according to claim 1 or a pineapple plant cutting produced by the method according to claim 2.